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	'''Kailash Radhabai Subbarayan''', ''nee'' '''Kudmul''' (22 April 1891 - 1960) was an Indian politician, women's rights activist and social reformer. She was the wife of Indian politician [[P. Subbarayan]] and mother of [[Mohan Kumaramangalam]], [[P. P. Kumaramangalam]] and [[Parvathi Krishnan]].		'''Kailash Radhabai Subbarayan''', ''nee'' '''Kudmul''' (22 April 1891 - 1960) was an Indian politician, women's rights activist and social reformer. She was the wife of Indian politician [[P. Subbarayan]] and mother of [[Mohan Kumaramangalam]], [[P. P. Kumaramangalam]] and [[Parvathi Krishnan]].

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Copying from Category:19th-century Indian women to Category:19th-century Indian people non-diffusing subcategory using Cat-a-lot

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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
'''Kailash Radhabai Subbarayan''', ''nee'' '''Kudmul''' (22 April 1891 - 1960) was an Indian politician, women's rights activist and social reformer. She was the wife of Indian politician [[P. Subbarayan]] and mother of [[Mohan Kumaramangalam]], [[P. P. Kumaramangalam]] and [[Parvathi Krishnan]].

== Early life and education ==

Radhabai Kudmul was born to Rao Sahib [[Kudmul Ranga Rao]] of [[Mangalore]].<ref name="whoswhop83">{{cite book|title=The Who's who in Madras: A pictorial who's who of distinguished personages, princes, zemindars and noblemen in the Madras Presidency|page=83|publisher=Pearl Press|year=1937}}</ref> She belonged to the [[Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin]] community.<ref name="kanarasaraswatjournal">{{cite journal|journal=Kanara Saraswat: A Monthly Journal of the Kanara Saraswat Association|year=2004|volume=85|issue=11|page=5|title=All India Chitrapur Defence Souvenir Fund Souvenir and Directory|url=http://www.kanarasaraswat.org/Magazine/MagNov04/MagNov04.pdf|access-date=8 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723102622/http://www.kanarasaraswat.org/Magazine/MagNov04/MagNov04.pdf|archive-date=23 July 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> She had her schooling in Mangalore and graduated from [[Presidency College, Madras]].<ref name="whoswhop83" /> Widowed at an early age, in 1912, Radhabai married P. Subbarayan, ''[[zamindar]]'' of [[Kumaramangalam]]. The couple had three sons and one daughter.<ref name="whoswhop83" /> She did her post graduation from [[Somerville College, Oxford]].<ref name="somervillep118">{{cite book|title=Somerville for women: an Oxford college, 1879-1993|page=118|author=Pauline Adams|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1996|id= |isbn=978-0199201792}}</ref>

== Public life ==

Radhabai was an elected member of the [[senate]] of the [[Madras University]]. She also served as a member of the All India Women's Conference. In the [[Round Table Conferences (India)|Round Table Conference]] of 1930, she and [[Jahanara Shahnawaz]] were the only two active members of women's organisations nominated to the conference; they argued unsuccessfully for a 5 per cent reservation for women in the legislatures.<ref name="Ghosh2012">{{cite book|author=Partha S. Ghosh|title=The Politics of Personal Law in South Asia: Identity, Nationalism and the Uniform Civil Code|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lwPgCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA234|date=23 May 2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-70512-0|pages=234–}}</ref> She also participated in the Second Round Table Conference.<ref name="gederedp139">{{cite book|title=Gendered citizenship: historical and conceptual explorations|page=139|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|author=Anupama Roy|year=2005|id= |isbn=978-8125027973}}</ref> The Lothian Committee was appointed, with Radhabai being a part of it, to gauge public opinion over reservations.<ref name="gederedp140">{{cite book|title=Gendered citizenship: historical and conceptual explorations|page=140|publisher=[[Orient Blackswan]]|author=Anupama Roy|year=2005|id= |isbn=978-8125027973}}</ref>

In 1937, Radhabai wanted to contest a general seat as a candidate of the Indian National Congress.<ref name="gandhi_women_179">{{cite book|title=Gandhi, women, and the National Movement, 1920-47|page=179|author=Anup Taneja|publisher=Har Anand Publications|id= |isbn=978-8124110768|year=2005}}</ref> But the Chairman of the Madras Provincial Reception Committee refused to support her.<ref name="gandhi_women_179" /> When Subbarayan questioned [[C. Rajagopalachari]] about this, he replied:

{{quotation|I don't believe that (the) advance type of woman candidates want political favours just because they are women.<ref name="gandhi_women_180">{{cite book|title=Gandhi, women, and the National Movement, 1920-47|page=180|author=Anup Taneja|publisher=Har Anand Publications|id= |isbn=978-8124110768|year=2005}}</ref>|author=|title=|source=}}

However, Radhabai was elected unopposed to the [[Rajya Sabha|Council of States]] from a general constituency in 1938 and became the first woman member of the Council of States.<ref name="womenposp28">{{cite book|title=The position of women|author=Lakshmi N. Menon|page=28|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1944|author-link=Lakshmi N. Menon}}</ref>

== Notes ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Subbarayan, Kailash Radhabai}}
[[Category:Presidency College, Chennai alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of Somerville College, Oxford]]
[[Category:1891 births]]
[[Category:1960 deaths]]
[[Category:Politicians from Mangalore]]
[[Category:Indian social reformers]]
[[Category:Kumaramangalam family]]
[[Category:University of Madras faculty]]
[[Category:Women in Karnataka politics]]
[[Category:Indian women's rights activists]]
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Activists from Karnataka]]

Radhabai Subbarayan - Revision history

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