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{{Short description|Combined form of Radha Krishna and one of the epithets of Krishna}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2023}}
[[Image:Radharaman sketch.jpg|thumb|Drawing of the image of Radha Ramana, believed to be a combined form of [[Radha-Krishna]]]]
'''Radha Ramana''' ({{Langx|sa|राधारमण|translit=rādhāramaṇa}}) is one of the three combined forms of the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] deities [[Radha]] and [[Krishna]]. The other two forms are [[Bankey Bihari Temple|Banke Bihari]] and [[Radha Vallabh Temple, Vrindavan|Radha-Vallabha]]. Radha Ramana is typically adorned with feathers, a crown, a yellow dress, and a shining ''[[vaijayanti]]-mala'' (garland) on his chest. He is regarded to wear ornaments in his ears and a shining [[tilaka]] on his forehead.{{sfn|Valpey|2006|p=60}}

[[Radha Raman Temple|Radha Ramana Temple]], one of the ancient temples of [[Vrindavan]], is dedicated to Radha Ramana. According to [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism|Gaudiya]] tradition, Radha Ramana was manifested by the saint [[Gopala Bhatta Goswami]] in the 16th century.{{sfn|Anand|1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Radha Raman Vrindavan {{!}} District Mathura, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://mathura.nic.in/radha-raman-vrindavan/ |access-date=2023-06-21 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Etymology==
Radha Ramana is an [[epithet]] of Krishna as the lover (''ramana'') of [[Radha]].{{sfn|Anand|1992|p=103}}<ref name="Hawley">{{cite book
|author=Hawley, John C.
|title=At Play with Krishna: Pilgrimage Dramas From Brindavan
|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Pub
|year=1992
|pages= 4–5
|isbn=81-208-0945-9
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NHdZH-d2xM4C&pg=PA4
}}</ref>

==Literature==
The appearance of the Radha Ramana is described by [[Gopala Bhatta Goswami]] biographer, Narahari, in a mere four verses (Bhakti Ratnakara 4.315–319).{{sfn|Valpey|2006|p=45}} Narahari Chakravarti puzzles at Krishnadasa's near silence over Gopala Bhatta. He concludes that Gopala Bhatta requested his junior, Krishnadasa Kaviraja, to be omitted from the book out of humility (1.222–223). Unlike other biographies of [[Caitanya|Chaitanya]], [[Chaitanya Charitamrta|Chaitanya Charitamrita]] describes Chaitanya's tour of South India, including his visit to [[Srirangam]] and residing with the temple priest Venkata Bhatta (Chaitanya Charitamrita 2.9.82–165){{sfn|Valpey|2006|p=175}}

==Temples==
=== Radha Ramana Temple, Vrindavan ===
[[File:Radha Raman Temple 2.jpg|thumb|Radha Ramana Temple, Vrindavan]]{{main|Radha Raman Temple}}
The historic Radha Ramana Temple recently celebrated its 500th anniversary.{{When|date=May 2025|reason=What year?}} It attracts both local worshippers and pilgrims. The image housed in the temple is the oldest image remaining in [[Vrindavan]] for the longest continuous period; it remained in Vrindavan during the iconoclastic raids by [[Mughal emperor]] [[Aurangzeb]] during the 17th century, when other images were removed to be hidden in safer places outside the city.<ref name="Hawley" /> Performances of classical Indian devotional music are offered nightly at the temple.{{sfn|Anand|1992|p=103}}

=== Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Junagadh ===

The primary deity of [[Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Junagadh|Shri Swaminarayan Mandir]] in Junagadh, [[Radha Krishna]], is worshipped as Radha Ramana. This temple belongs to the [[Swaminarayan Sampradaya]], and was built under the guidance of [[Swaminarayan]].

==History==
[[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]] came to [[Ranga Kshetra]] in 1511 and stayed at Venkata's home. Venkata Bhatta had two brothers, Tirumalla Bhatta and [[Prabodhananda Sarasvati]]. They all belonged to the [[Sri Vaishnavism|Sri Vaishnava]] tradition and Prabodhananda Sarasvati was a ''tridandi'' ''[[sannyasi]]''{{What|date=October 2023}} of that order. Venkata Bhatta had a son named Gopala, who was then just a child.

[[Gopala Bhatta Goswami]] was a son of a priest of [[Srirangam]].<ref name="Hawley"/> Venkata and his two brothers, Gopala's uncles Trimalla and [[Prabodhananda Sarasvati]] "were converted from their [[Sri Vaishnava]] faith in [[Lakshmi Narayana|Lakshmi-Narayana]] as supreme to one in Radha Krishna" as Svayam Bhagavan.<ref name = Brzezinski1992>{{cite journal
| author = Brzezinski, J.K.
| year = 1992
| title = Prabodhananda, Hita Harivamsa and the" Radharasasudhanidhi
| journal = Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
| volume = 55
| issue = 3
| pages = 472–497
| jstor=620194
| doi=10.1017/S0041977X00003669
}}"identify Radha as the supreme Laksmi.."</ref> The dialogue of this conversion is recorded in the biography ''[[Chaitanya Charitamrita]]'' by [[Krishnadasa Kaviraja]].

In the second volume of the ''Chaitanya Charitamrita'', a presentation is given,<ref>[http://vedabase.net/cc/madhya/9/113/en Madhya 9.113-114] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525150347/http://vedabase.net/cc/madhya/9/113/en |date=2011-05-25 }}: "Just to associate with Kṛṣṇa, [http://vedabase.net/l/laksmi Lakṣmī] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516093309/http://vedabase.net/l/laksmi |date=2008-05-16 }} abandoned all transcendental happiness in [http://vedabase.net/v/vaikuntha Vaikuṇṭha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504051651/http://vedabase.net/v/vaikuntha |date=2008-05-04 }} and for a long time accepted vows and regulative principles and performed unlimited austerities."</ref> with a reference to the particular verse of the tenth canto of the ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'' as to the reason why [[Lakshmi]], also known as [[Sri]], (thus the name of ''Sri Sampradaya'') is burning with desire and still not capable of entering to the realm of [[Vrindavana]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://vedabase.net/sb/10/16/36/en |title=SB 10.16.36 |access-date=2008-05-17 |archive-date=2008-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819210508/http://vedabase.net/sb/10/16/36/en |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Prabodhananda Sarasvati is regarded to have accepted the supremacy of Radha worship from Chaitanya.<ref name = Brzezinski19922>{{cite journal
| author = Brzezinski, J.K.
| year = 1992
| title = Prabodhananda Sarasvati: From Benares to Braj
| journal = Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
| volume = 55
| issue = 1
| pages = 52–75
| doi = 10.1017/S0041977X00002640
| jstor=620476
}}</ref>

Being pleased with Gopala Bhatta's sincere service and devotion, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu initiated him, and ordered him to move to Vrindavana after the death of his parents and perform [[bhajan|bhajans]] and rites. He instructed him to serve his mother and father and always engage in chanting Krishna's glories.

At the age of thirty Gopala Bhatta came to Vrindavana. After Chaitanya Mahaprabhu disappeared, Gopala Bhatta felt intense separation from Krishna. To relieve his devotee, Krishna is believed to have instructed Gopala Bhatta in a dream: "If you want my ''darshan'' [visit] then make a trip to Nepal."

In [[Nepal]], Gopala Bhatta bathed in the [[Kali-Gandaki River]]. Upon dipping his waterpot in the river, he was surprised to see twelve [[shaligram]]as enter his pot. He dropped them back into the river, but they re-entered his pot when he refilled it. Later, a wealthy man came to Vrindavana and offered Gopala Bhatta a charity of clothing and ornaments in exchange for his shaligramas. However, Gopala Bhatta couldn't use these ornaments as his round-shaped shaligramas, so he advised the donor to give them to someone else. It is believed that donor refused to take back the clothing and ornaments, and Gopala Bhatta kept both the donations and his shaligramas.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}

In the evening of the ''purnima'' (full moon), after offering to his shaligramas, Gopala Bhatta put them to rest, covering them with a wicker basket. In the early morning, he bathed in the Yamuna river. Upon returning and uncovering the shaligramas for a [[puja (Hinduism)|puja]], he saw amongst them an image of Krishna playing a flute. The "Damodara shila" had manifested as the beautiful three-fold bending form of ''tri-bhangananda-krishna''. In this way Radha Ramana emerged in a perfectly shaped deity form from a sacred fossilized shaligrama stone.<ref name="Hawley" /> Devotees consider this image to be alive and that Radha Ramana grants a chosen family the privilege of assisting him in his daily schedule.<ref name="Hawley" /> In this way "the Lord has granted his wish and the stone was turned into a deity [[murti]] of Sri Krishna".{{sfn|Anand|1992|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=EsvSwdUgQYcC&pg=RA1-PA162 p.162]}} As a narrative account of actualized Krishna-[[bhakti]], Radha Ramana's appearance story highlights the divine-human relationship of love as the ontologically central category of ultimate reality.{{sfn|Valpey|2006|p=53}}

==See also==
* [[Achyuta]]
* [[Gopala-Krishna|Gopala]]
* [[Gopinath (Krishna)|Gopinath]]
* [[Hari]]
* [[Keshava]]
* [[Madhava (Vishnu)|Madhava]]
* [[Vāsudeva]]
{{Krishna}}

==References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Sources ==
* {{Cite book |last=Anand |first=D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EsvSwdUgQYcC |title=Krishna: The Living God of Braj |date=1992 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-280-2 |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |author-last=Valpey |author-first=Kenneth Russell |url=https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0415383943 |title=Attending Kṛṣṇa's image: Caitanya Vaiṣṇava mūrti-sevā as devotional truth |publisher=Routledge |year=2006 |isbn=0-415-38394-3 |location=New York}}

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[[Category:Forms of Krishna]]
[[Category:Titles and names of Krishna]]
[[Category:Vaishnavism]]
[[Category:Mathura district]]

Radha Ramana - Revision history

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