Rabindra Sangeet - Revision history

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	\| name = Rabindra Sangeet		\| name = Rabindra Sangeet
	\| composer = Rabindranath Tagore		\| composer = Rabindranath Tagore
	\| image = Valmiki Pratibha Indira Devi & Rabindranath Tagore.jpg		\| image = Valmiki Pratibha Indira Devi & Rabindranath Tagore.jpg
	\| alt =		\| alt =
	\| caption = [[Rabindranath Tagore]] (right) and [[Indira Devi Chaudhurani]] (left) in [[Valmiki-Pratibha]] opera		\| caption = [[Rabindranath Tagore]] (right) and [[Indira Devi Chaudhurani]] (left) in [[Valmiki-Pratibha]] opera
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	\| misc =		\| misc =
	}}		}}
	'''''Rabindra Sangeet''''' ({{langx\|bn\|রবীন্দ্র সঙ্গীত}}; {{IPA\|bn\|robindɾo ʃoŋɡit\|pron}}), also known as '''Tagore Songs''', are songs from the [[Indian subcontinent]] written and composed by the [[Bengalis\|Bengali]] [[polymath]] [[Rabindranath Tagore]], winner of the 1913 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]],<ref name="Sigi 2006">{{Harvnb\|Sigi\|2006\|p=90}}</ref> the first Indian<ref name="sigi2006">{{Cite book \|last=Rekha Sigi \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZW93OdoQIfIC \|title=Gurudev Ravindra Nath Tagore A Biography \|date=2006 \|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd \|isbn=978-81-89182-90-8 \|page=80}}</ref> and also the first non-European to receive such recognition.<ref>{{Cite book \|last1=Paul \|first1=Samiran Kumar \|title=Recritiquing Rabindranath Tagore \|last2=Prasad \|first2=Amar Nath \|date=2006 \|publisher=Sarup & Sons \|isbn=81-7625-661-7 \|edition=1st \|location=New Delhi \|oclc=297209437}}</ref> Tagore was a prolific composer, with approximately 2,232 songs to his credit.<ref name="DasguptaGuha2013">{{Cite book \|last1=Sanjukta Dasgupta \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zfX4llLjyUC \|title=Tagore-At Home in the World \|last2=Chinmoy Guha \|date=2013 \|publisher=SAGE Publications \|isbn=978-81-321-1084-2 \|page=254}}</ref> The songs have distinctive characteristics in the [[music of Bengal]], popular in India and [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="Tagore 2007">{{Harvnb\|Tagore\|2007\|p=xii}}</ref><ref name="Magic of Rabindra Sangeet">{{Cite news \|title=Magic of Rabindra Sangeet \|work=[[Deccan Herald]] \|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/66947/magic-rabindra-sangeet.html \|url-status=dead \|access-date=9 July 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927055956/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/66947/magic-rabindra-sangeet.html \|archive-date=27 September 2013}}</ref>[[File:Dance with Rabindra Sangeet - Kolkata 2011-11-05 6669.JPG\|thumb\|Dance accompanied by Rabindra Sangeet, at [[Science City Kolkata\|Science City]] auditorium in Kolkata.]] It is characterised by its distinctive rendition while singing which, includes a significant amount of ornamentation like [[meend]], [[murki]], etc. and is filled with expressions of [[romanticism]]. The music is mostly based on [[Hindustani classical music]], [[Carnatic music]], Western tunes and the traditional [[folk music]] of Bengal and inherently possess within them, a perfect balance, an endearing economy of poetry and musicality.{{Peacock inline\|date=November 2022}} Lyrics and music both hold almost equal importance in Rabindra Sangeet.{{citation needed\|date=November 2022}} Tagore created some six new [[Tala (music)\|taal]]s, inspired by Carnatic talas, because he felt the traditional taals existing at the time could not do justice and were coming in the way of the seamless narrative of the lyrics.{{citation needed\|date=November 2022}}		'''''Rabindra Sangeet''''' ({{langx\|bn\|রবীন্দ্র সঙ্গীত}}; {{IPA\|bn\|robindɾo ʃoŋɡit\|pron}}), also known as '''Tagore Songs''', are songs from the [[Indian subcontinent]] written and composed by the [[Bengalis\|Bengali]] [[polymath]] [[Rabindranath Tagore]], winner of the 1913 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]],<ref name="Sigi 2006">{{Harvnb\|Sigi\|2006\|p=90}}</ref> the first Indian<ref name="sigi2006">{{Cite book \|last=Rekha Sigi \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZW93OdoQIfIC \|title=Gurudev Ravindra Nath Tagore A Biography \|date=2006 \|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd \|isbn=978-81-89182-90-8 \|page=80}}</ref> and also the first non-European to receive such recognition.<ref>{{Cite book \|last1=Paul \|first1=Samiran Kumar \|title=Recritiquing Rabindranath Tagore \|last2=Prasad \|first2=Amar Nath \|date=2006 \|publisher=Sarup & Sons \|isbn=81-7625-661-7 \|edition=1st \|location=New Delhi \|oclc=297209437}}</ref> Tagore was a prolific composer, with approximately 2,232 songs to his credit.<ref name="DasguptaGuha2013">{{Cite book \|last1=Sanjukta Dasgupta \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zfX4llLjyUC \|title=Tagore-At Home in the World \|last2=Chinmoy Guha \|date=2013 \|publisher=SAGE Publications \|isbn=978-81-321-1084-2 \|page=254}}</ref> The songs have distinctive characteristics in the [[music of Bengal]], popular in India and [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="Tagore 2007">{{Harvnb\|Tagore\|2007\|p=xii}}</ref><ref name="Magic of Rabindra Sangeet">{{Cite news \|title=Magic of Rabindra Sangeet \|work=[[Deccan Herald]] \|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/66947/magic-rabindra-sangeet.html \|url-status=dead \|access-date=9 July 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927055956/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/66947/magic-rabindra-sangeet.html \|archive-date=27 September 2013}}</ref>[[File:Dance with Rabindra Sangeet - Kolkata 2011-11-05 6669.JPG\|thumb\|Dance accompanied by Rabindra Sangeet, at [[Science City Kolkata\|Science City]] auditorium in Kolkata.]] It is characterised by its distinctive rendition while singing which, includes a significant amount of ornamentation like [[meend]], [[murki]], etc. and is filled with expressions of [[romanticism]]. The music is mostly based on [[Hindustani classical music]], [[Carnatic music]], Western tunes and the traditional [[folk music]] of Bengal and inherently possess within them, a perfect balance, an endearing economy of poetry and musicality.{{Peacock inline\|date=November 2022}} Lyrics and music both hold almost equal importance in Rabindra Sangeet.{{citation needed\|date=November 2022}} Tagore created some six new [[Tala (music)\|taal]]s, inspired by Carnatic talas, because he felt the traditional taals existing at the time could not do justice and were coming in the way of the seamless narrative of the lyrics.{{citation needed\|date=November 2022}}

	==History==		==History==
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	{{Listen		{{Listen
	\| filename = তবু মনে রেখো - গায়ক-রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর.oga		\| filename = তবু মনে রেখো - গায়ক-রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর.oga
	\| title = "Tabu Mone Rekho" – sung by Rabindranath Tagore		\| title = "Tabu Mone Rekho"&nbsp;– sung by Rabindranath Tagore
	\| description = "Tabu Mone Rekho", a song by Tagore, sung in his own voice. The song was written in 1887 CE (1294 [[Bengali calendar\|Bengali year]]).<ref name="Tabu mone rekho">{{Cite web \|title=Tabu mone rekho \|url=http://tagoreweb.in/Render/ShowContent.aspx?ct=Songs&bi=56BEA81B-A4A0-40E5-B51D-7D0726&ti=56BEA81B-A4A1-4595-851D-7D0726E8B799&ch=c \|access-date=11 May 2012 \|publisher=tagoreweb.in \|language=Bengali \|archive-date=20 February 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220223311/http://tagoreweb.in/Render/ShowContent.aspx?ct=Songs&bi=56BEA81B-A4A0-40E5-B51D-7D0726&ti=56BEA81B-A4A1-4595-851D-7D0726E8B799&ch=c \|url-status=dead }}</ref>		\| description = "Tabu Mone Rekho", a song by Tagore, sung in his own voice. The song was written in 1887 CE (1294 [[Bengali calendar\|Bengali year]]).<ref name="Tabu mone rekho">{{Cite web \|title=Tabu mone rekho \|url=http://tagoreweb.in/Render/ShowContent.aspx?ct=Songs&bi=56BEA81B-A4A0-40E5-B51D-7D0726&ti=56BEA81B-A4A1-4595-851D-7D0726E8B799&ch=c \|access-date=11 May 2012 \|publisher=tagoreweb.in \|language=Bengali \|archive-date=20 February 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220223311/http://tagoreweb.in/Render/ShowContent.aspx?ct=Songs&bi=56BEA81B-A4A0-40E5-B51D-7D0726&ti=56BEA81B-A4A1-4595-851D-7D0726E8B799&ch=c \|url-status=dead }}</ref>
	\| pos =		\| pos =
	}}		}}
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	=== Works cited ===		=== Works cited ===
	* {{Cite book \|last1=Dasgupta \|first1=Sanjukta \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zfX4llLjyUC&pg=PA252 \|title=Tagore-At Home in the World \|last2=Guha \|first2=Chinmoy \|publisher=SAGE Publications \|year=2013 \|isbn=978-81-321-1084-2}}		* {{Cite book \|last1=Dasgupta \|first1=Sanjukta \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zfX4llLjyUC&pg=PA252 \|title=Tagore-At Home in the World \|last2=Guha \|first2=Chinmoy \|publisher=SAGE Publications \|year=2013 \|isbn=978-81-321-1084-2}}
	* {{Cite book \|last=Furrell \|first=James Wyburd \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h3gOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA154 \|title=The Tagore Family: A Memoir \|publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench, & Company \|year=1882}}		* {{Cite book \|last=Furrell \|first=James Wyburd \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h3gOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA154 \|title=The Tagore Family: A Memoir \|publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench, & Company \|year=1882}}
	* {{Cite book \|last=Ghosh \|first=Santidev \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y3prNyZ7SKwC \|title=Rabindrasangeet Vichitra – Rabindra Sangeet Miscellany \|publisher=Concept Publishing Company \|year=2006 \|isbn=978-81-8069-305-2 \|author-link=Santidev Ghosh}}		* {{Cite book \|last=Ghosh \|first=Santidev \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y3prNyZ7SKwC \|title=Rabindrasangeet Vichitra – Rabindra Sangeet Miscellany \|publisher=Concept Publishing Company \|year=2006 \|isbn=978-81-8069-305-2 \|author-link=Santidev Ghosh}}
	* {{Cite journal \|last=Ghosh \|first=B<!--haswati-->. \|year=2011 \|title=Inside the World of Tagore's Music \|url=http://www.parabaas.com/rabindranath/articles/pBhaswati2.html \|access-date=17 September 2011 \|periodical=Parabaas}}		* {{Cite journal \|last=Ghosh \|first=B<!--haswati-->. \|year=2011 \|title=Inside the World of Tagore's Music \|url=http://www.parabaas.com/rabindranath/articles/pBhaswati2.html \|access-date=17 September 2011 \|periodical=Parabaas}}
	* {{Cite book \|last=Sigi \|first=Rekha \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZW93OdoQIfIC&pg=PA90 \|title=Gurudev Ravindra Nath Tagore A Biography \|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. \|year=2006 \|isbn=978-81-89182-90-8}}		* {{Cite book \|last=Sigi \|first=Rekha \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZW93OdoQIfIC&pg=PA90 \|title=Gurudev Ravindra Nath Tagore A Biography \|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. \|year=2006 \|isbn=978-81-89182-90-8}}
	* {{Cite book \|last=Som \|first=Reba \|title=Rabindranath Tagore: The Singer and His Song \|publisher=Viking \|year=2010 \|isbn=978-0-670-08248-3<!--0670082481--> \|publication-date=26 May 2010 \|ol=23720201M \|author-link=Reba Som}}		* {{Cite book \|last=Som \|first=Reba \|title=Rabindranath Tagore: The Singer and His Song \|publisher=Viking \|year=2010 \|isbn=978-0-670-08248-3<!--0670082481--> \|publication-date=26 May 2010 \|ol=23720201M \|author-link=Reba Som}}
	* {{Cite book \|last=Tagore \|first=Rabindranath \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UWhnwlQyplEC&pg=PR12 \|title=Boyhood Days \|publisher=Penguin Books India \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-0-14-333021-9}}		* {{Cite book \|last=Tagore \|first=Rabindranath \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UWhnwlQyplEC&pg=PR12 \|title=Boyhood Days \|publisher=Penguin Books India \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-0-14-333021-9}}
	* {{cite book \|last1=Dutta \|first1=K<!--rishna-->. \|last2=Robinson \|first2=A<!--ndrew-->. \|author2-link=W. Andrew Robinson \|publication-date=December 1995 \|year=1995 \|title=Rabindranath Tagore: The Myriad-Minded Man \|publisher=Saint Martin's Press \|isbn=978-0-312-14030-4<!--0312140304-->}}		* {{cite book \|last1=Dutta \|first1=K<!--rishna-->. \|last2=Robinson \|first2=A<!--ndrew-->. \|author2-link=W. Andrew Robinson \|publication-date=December 1995 \|year=1995 \|title=Rabindranath Tagore: The Myriad-Minded Man \|publisher=Saint Martin's Press \|isbn=978-0-312-14030-4<!--0312140304-->}}

82.132.212.65: adjusted details after review for clarity

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WikiDwarf at 15:16, 3 September 2022

2022-09-03T15:16:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:46, 3 September 2022
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	\| scoring =		\| scoring =
	\| misc =		\| misc =
	\| ~~location~~ = [[India]]		\| premiere_location = British India
	}}		}}
	'''''Rabindra Sangeet''''' ({{lang-bn\|রবীন্দ্র সঙ্গীত}}; {{IPA-bn\|rɔbindɾɔ sɔŋɡit\|pron}}), also known as '''Tagore Songs''', are songs from the [[Indian subcontinent]] written and composed by the [[Bengalis\|Bengali]] [[Polymath]] [[Rabindranath Tagore]], winner of the 1913 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]],<ref name="Sigi 2006">{{Harvnb\|Sigi\|2006\|p=90}}</ref> the first [[India]]n<ref name="sigi2006">{{Cite book \|last=Rekha Sigi \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZW93OdoQIfIC\|title=Gurudev Ravindra Nath Tagore A Biography \|date=2006 \|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd \|isbn=978-81-89182-90-8 \|page=80}}</ref> and also the first non-European to receive such recognition.<ref>{{Cite book \|last1=Paul \|first1=Samiran Kumar \|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/297209437 \|title=Recritiquing Rabindranath Tagore \|last2=Prasad \|first2=Amar Nath \|date=2006 \|publisher=Sarup & Sons \|isbn=81-7625-661-7 \|edition=1st \|location=New Delhi \|oclc=297209437}}</ref> Tagore was a prolific composer with approximately 2,232 songs to his credit.<ref name="DasguptaGuha2013">{{Cite book \|last1=Sanjukta Dasgupta \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zfX4llLjyUC \|title=Tagore-At Home in the World \|last2=Chinmoy Guha \|date=2013 \|publisher=SAGE Publications \|isbn=978-81-321-1084-2 \|page=254}}</ref> The songs have distinctive characteristics in the [[music of Bengal]], popular in [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="Tagore 2007">{{Harvnb\|Tagore\|2007\|p=xii}}</ref><ref name="Magic of Rabindra Sangeet">{{Cite news \|title=Magic of Rabindra Sangeet \|work=[[Deccan Herald]] \|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/66947/magic-rabindra-sangeet.html \|url-status=dead \|access-date=9 July 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927055956/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/66947/magic-rabindra-sangeet.html \|archive-date=27 September 2013}}</ref>[[File:Dance with Rabindra Sangeet - Kolkata 2011-11-05 6669.JPG\|thumb\|Dance accompanied by Rabindra Sangeet, at [[Science City Kolkata\|Science City]] auditorium in Kolkata.]] It is characterised by its distinctive rendition while singing which includes a significant amount of ornamentation like [[meend]], [[murki]], etc. and is filled with expressions of [[romanticism]]. The music is mostly based on [[Hindustani classical music]], [[Carnatic Classical Music]], [[Western world\|Western]] tunes and the inherent [[folk music]] of Bengal and inherently possess within them, a perfect balance, an endearing economy of poetry and musicality. Lyrics and music both hold almost equal importance in Rabindra Sangeet. Tagore created some six new [[Tala (music)\|taal]]s (Which were actually inspired by Carnatic Talas) because he felt the traditional taals existing at the time could not do justice and were coming in the way of the seamless narrative of the lyrics.The Rabindrasangeet contains various sections or 'parjay' such as 'prem','prakriti','bhanusingher podaboli',etc. The Bhanushingher Podaboli songs are based on his own life experiences and happenstance.		'''''Rabindra Sangeet''''' ({{lang-bn\|রবীন্দ্র সঙ্গীত}}; {{IPA-bn\|rɔbindɾɔ sɔŋɡit\|pron}}), also known as '''Tagore Songs''', are songs from the [[Indian subcontinent]] written and composed by the [[Bengalis\|Bengali]] [[Polymath]] [[Rabindranath Tagore]], winner of the 1913 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]],<ref name="Sigi 2006">{{Harvnb\|Sigi\|2006\|p=90}}</ref> the first [[India]]n<ref name="sigi2006">{{Cite book \|last=Rekha Sigi \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZW93OdoQIfIC\|title=Gurudev Ravindra Nath Tagore A Biography \|date=2006 \|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd \|isbn=978-81-89182-90-8 \|page=80}}</ref> and also the first non-European to receive such recognition.<ref>{{Cite book \|last1=Paul \|first1=Samiran Kumar \|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/297209437 \|title=Recritiquing Rabindranath Tagore \|last2=Prasad \|first2=Amar Nath \|date=2006 \|publisher=Sarup & Sons \|isbn=81-7625-661-7 \|edition=1st \|location=New Delhi \|oclc=297209437}}</ref> Tagore was a prolific composer with approximately 2,232 songs to his credit.<ref name="DasguptaGuha2013">{{Cite book \|last1=Sanjukta Dasgupta \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zfX4llLjyUC \|title=Tagore-At Home in the World \|last2=Chinmoy Guha \|date=2013 \|publisher=SAGE Publications \|isbn=978-81-321-1084-2 \|page=254}}</ref> The songs have distinctive characteristics in the [[music of Bengal]], popular in [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="Tagore 2007">{{Harvnb\|Tagore\|2007\|p=xii}}</ref><ref name="Magic of Rabindra Sangeet">{{Cite news \|title=Magic of Rabindra Sangeet \|work=[[Deccan Herald]] \|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/66947/magic-rabindra-sangeet.html \|url-status=dead \|access-date=9 July 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927055956/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/66947/magic-rabindra-sangeet.html \|archive-date=27 September 2013}}</ref>[[File:Dance with Rabindra Sangeet - Kolkata 2011-11-05 6669.JPG\|thumb\|Dance accompanied by Rabindra Sangeet, at [[Science City Kolkata\|Science City]] auditorium in Kolkata.]] It is characterised by its distinctive rendition while singing which includes a significant amount of ornamentation like [[meend]], [[murki]], etc. and is filled with expressions of [[romanticism]]. The music is mostly based on [[Hindustani classical music]], [[Carnatic Classical Music]], [[Western world\|Western]] tunes and the inherent [[folk music]] of Bengal and inherently possess within them, a perfect balance, an endearing economy of poetry and musicality. Lyrics and music both hold almost equal importance in Rabindra Sangeet. Tagore created some six new [[Tala (music)\|taal]]s (Which were actually inspired by Carnatic Talas) because he felt the traditional taals existing at the time could not do justice and were coming in the way of the seamless narrative of the lyrics.The Rabindrasangeet contains various sections or 'parjay' such as 'prem','prakriti','bhanusingher podaboli',etc. The Bhanushingher Podaboli songs are based on his own life experiences and happenstance.

WikiDwarf at 14:59, 3 September 2022

2022-09-03T14:59:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:29, 3 September 2022
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	\| scoring =		\| scoring =
	\| misc =		\| misc =
			\| location = [[India]]
	}}		}}
	'''''Rabindra Sangeet''''' ({{lang-bn\|রবীন্দ্র সঙ্গীত}}; {{IPA-bn\|rɔbindɾɔ sɔŋɡit\|pron}}), also known as '''Tagore Songs''', are songs from the [[Indian subcontinent]] written and composed by the [[Bengalis\|Bengali]] [[Polymath]] [[Rabindranath Tagore]], winner of the 1913 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]],<ref name="Sigi 2006">{{Harvnb\|Sigi\|2006\|p=90}}</ref> the first [[India]]n<ref name="sigi2006">{{Cite book \|last=Rekha Sigi \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZW93OdoQIfIC\|title=Gurudev Ravindra Nath Tagore A Biography \|date=2006 \|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd \|isbn=978-81-89182-90-8 \|page=80}}</ref> and also the first non-European to receive such recognition.<ref>{{Cite book \|last1=Paul \|first1=Samiran Kumar \|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/297209437 \|title=Recritiquing Rabindranath Tagore \|last2=Prasad \|first2=Amar Nath \|date=2006 \|publisher=Sarup & Sons \|isbn=81-7625-661-7 \|edition=1st \|location=New Delhi \|oclc=297209437}}</ref> Tagore was a prolific composer with approximately 2,232 songs to his credit.<ref name="DasguptaGuha2013">{{Cite book \|last1=Sanjukta Dasgupta \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zfX4llLjyUC \|title=Tagore-At Home in the World \|last2=Chinmoy Guha \|date=2013 \|publisher=SAGE Publications \|isbn=978-81-321-1084-2 \|page=254}}</ref> The songs have distinctive characteristics in the [[music of Bengal]], popular in [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="Tagore 2007">{{Harvnb\|Tagore\|2007\|p=xii}}</ref><ref name="Magic of Rabindra Sangeet">{{Cite news \|title=Magic of Rabindra Sangeet \|work=[[Deccan Herald]] \|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/66947/magic-rabindra-sangeet.html \|url-status=dead \|access-date=9 July 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927055956/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/66947/magic-rabindra-sangeet.html \|archive-date=27 September 2013}}</ref>[[File:Dance with Rabindra Sangeet - Kolkata 2011-11-05 6669.JPG\|thumb\|Dance accompanied by Rabindra Sangeet, at [[Science City Kolkata\|Science City]] auditorium in Kolkata.]] It is characterised by its distinctive rendition while singing which includes a significant amount of ornamentation like [[meend]], [[murki]], etc. and is filled with expressions of [[romanticism]]. The music is mostly based on [[Hindustani classical music]], [[Carnatic Classical Music]], [[Western world\|Western]] tunes and the inherent [[folk music]] of Bengal and inherently possess within them, a perfect balance, an endearing economy of poetry and musicality. Lyrics and music both hold almost equal importance in Rabindra Sangeet. Tagore created some six new [[Tala (music)\|taal]]s (Which were actually inspired by Carnatic Talas) because he felt the traditional taals existing at the time could not do justice and were coming in the way of the seamless narrative of the lyrics.The Rabindrasangeet contains various sections or 'parjay' such as 'prem','prakriti','bhanusingher podaboli',etc. The Bhanushingher Podaboli songs are based on his own life experiences and happenstance.		'''''Rabindra Sangeet''''' ({{lang-bn\|রবীন্দ্র সঙ্গীত}}; {{IPA-bn\|rɔbindɾɔ sɔŋɡit\|pron}}), also known as '''Tagore Songs''', are songs from the [[Indian subcontinent]] written and composed by the [[Bengalis\|Bengali]] [[Polymath]] [[Rabindranath Tagore]], winner of the 1913 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]],<ref name="Sigi 2006">{{Harvnb\|Sigi\|2006\|p=90}}</ref> the first [[India]]n<ref name="sigi2006">{{Cite book \|last=Rekha Sigi \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZW93OdoQIfIC\|title=Gurudev Ravindra Nath Tagore A Biography \|date=2006 \|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd \|isbn=978-81-89182-90-8 \|page=80}}</ref> and also the first non-European to receive such recognition.<ref>{{Cite book \|last1=Paul \|first1=Samiran Kumar \|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/297209437 \|title=Recritiquing Rabindranath Tagore \|last2=Prasad \|first2=Amar Nath \|date=2006 \|publisher=Sarup & Sons \|isbn=81-7625-661-7 \|edition=1st \|location=New Delhi \|oclc=297209437}}</ref> Tagore was a prolific composer with approximately 2,232 songs to his credit.<ref name="DasguptaGuha2013">{{Cite book \|last1=Sanjukta Dasgupta \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zfX4llLjyUC \|title=Tagore-At Home in the World \|last2=Chinmoy Guha \|date=2013 \|publisher=SAGE Publications \|isbn=978-81-321-1084-2 \|page=254}}</ref> The songs have distinctive characteristics in the [[music of Bengal]], popular in [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="Tagore 2007">{{Harvnb\|Tagore\|2007\|p=xii}}</ref><ref name="Magic of Rabindra Sangeet">{{Cite news \|title=Magic of Rabindra Sangeet \|work=[[Deccan Herald]] \|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/66947/magic-rabindra-sangeet.html \|url-status=dead \|access-date=9 July 2013 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927055956/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/66947/magic-rabindra-sangeet.html \|archive-date=27 September 2013}}</ref>[[File:Dance with Rabindra Sangeet - Kolkata 2011-11-05 6669.JPG\|thumb\|Dance accompanied by Rabindra Sangeet, at [[Science City Kolkata\|Science City]] auditorium in Kolkata.]] It is characterised by its distinctive rendition while singing which includes a significant amount of ornamentation like [[meend]], [[murki]], etc. and is filled with expressions of [[romanticism]]. The music is mostly based on [[Hindustani classical music]], [[Carnatic Classical Music]], [[Western world\|Western]] tunes and the inherent [[folk music]] of Bengal and inherently possess within them, a perfect balance, an endearing economy of poetry and musicality. Lyrics and music both hold almost equal importance in Rabindra Sangeet. Tagore created some six new [[Tala (music)\|taal]]s (Which were actually inspired by Carnatic Talas) because he felt the traditional taals existing at the time could not do justice and were coming in the way of the seamless narrative of the lyrics.The Rabindrasangeet contains various sections or 'parjay' such as 'prem','prakriti','bhanusingher podaboli',etc. The Bhanushingher Podaboli songs are based on his own life experiences and happenstance.

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{{Infobox musical composition
| name = Rabindra Sangeet
| composer = Rabindranath Tagore
| image = File:Valmiki Pratibha Indira Devi & Rabindranath Tagore.jpg
| alt =
| caption = [[Rabindranath Tagore]] (right) and [[Indira Devi Chaudhurani]] (left) in [[Valmiki-Pratibha]] opera
| translation =
| native_name = রবীন্দ্রসঙ্গীত
| native_name_lang =
| key =
| catalogue =
| opus =
| genre =
| form =
| text =
| language =
| melody =
| client =
| composed = 1875–1941
| performed = 
| published = 
| movements =
| scoring =
| misc =
}}
'''''Rabindra Sangeet''''' also known as '''Tagore Songs''', are songs from the [[Indian subcontinent]] written and composed by the [[Bengalis|Bengali]] [[polymath]] [[Rabindranath Tagore]], winner of the 1913 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]],<ref name="Sigi 2006">{{Harvnb|Sigi|2006|p=90}}</ref> the first [[India]]n<ref name="sigi2006">{{Cite book |last=Rekha Sigi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZW93OdoQIfIC|title=Gurudev Ravindra Nath Tagore A Biography |date=2006 |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd |isbn=978-81-89182-90-8 |page=80}}</ref> and also the first non-European to receive such recognition.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Paul |first1=Samiran Kumar |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/297209437 |title=Recritiquing Rabindranath Tagore |last2=Prasad |first2=Amar Nath |date=2006 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=81-7625-661-7 |edition=1st |location=New Delhi |oclc=297209437}}</ref> Tagore was a prolific composer with approximately 2,232 songs to his credit.<ref name="DasguptaGuha2013">{{Cite book |last1=Sanjukta Dasgupta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zfX4llLjyUC |title=Tagore-At Home in the World |last2=Chinmoy Guha |date=2013 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-81-321-1084-2 |page=254}}</ref> The songs have distinctive characteristics in the [[music of Bengal]], popular in [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]].<ref name="Tagore 2007">{{Harvnb|Tagore|2007|p=xii}}</ref><ref name="Magic of Rabindra Sangeet">{{Cite news |title=Magic of Rabindra Sangeet |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/66947/magic-rabindra-sangeet.html |url-status=dead |access-date=9 July 2013 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6HzYTtLhV?url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/66947/magic-rabindra-sangeet.html |archive-date=9 July 2013}}</ref>[[File:Dance with Rabindra Sangeet - Kolkata 2011-11-05 6669.JPG|thumb|Dance accompanied by Rabindra Sangeet]] It is characterised by its distinctive rendition while singing which includes a significant amount of ornamentation like [[meend]], [[murki]], etc. and is filled with expressions of [[romanticism]]. The music is mostly based on [[Hindustani classical music]], [[Carnatic Classical Music]], [[Western world|Western]] tunes and the inherent [[Folk music]] of Bengal and inherently possess within them, a near perfect balance, an endearing economy of poetry and musicality. Lyrics and music both hold almost equal importance in Rabindra Sangeet. Tagore created some six new [[Tala (music)|taal]]s (Which were actually inspired by Carnatic Talas) because he felt the traditional taals existing at the time could not do justice and were coming in the way of the seamless narrative of the lyrics.

== History==
Rabindra Sangeet merges fluidly into Tagore's literature, most of which—poems or parts of novels, stories, or plays alike—were lyricised. Influenced by the ''[[thumri]]'' style of [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani music]], they ran the entire gamut of human emotion, ranging from his early dirge-like Brahmo devotional hymns to quasi-erotic compositions.{{Sfn|Tagore|Dutta|Robinson|1997|p=94}} They emulated the tonal color of classical ''[[raga]]s'' to varying extents. Some songs mimicked a given raga's melody and rhythm faithfully; others newly blended elements of different ''ragas''.<ref name="Dasgupta2001">{{Citation |last=Dasgupta |first=A. |title=Rabindra-Sangeet as a Resource for Indian Classical ''Bandishes'' |url=http://www.parabaas.com/rabindranath/articles/pAnirban1.html |year=2001 |periodical=Parabaas |issn=1563-8685 |access-date=1 July 2020}}</ref> Yet about nine-tenths of his work was not ''bhanga gaan'', the body of tunes revamped with "fresh value" from select Western, Hindustani, Bengali folk and other regional flavours "external" to Tagore's own ancestral culture.{{Sfn|Ghosh|2011}} In fact, Tagore drew influence from sources as diverse as traditional Hindusthani [[Thumri]] ("O Miya Bejanewale") to Scottish ballads ("Purano Shei Diner Kotha" from "[[Auld Lang Syne]]").

Scholars have attempted to gauge the emotive force and range of Hindustani ''ragas'':

{{quote|the pathos of the ''purabi raga'' reminded Tagore of the evening tears of a lonely widow, while ''kanara'' was the confused realization of a nocturnal wanderer who had lost his way. In ''bhupali'' he seemed to hear a voice in the wind saying 'stop and come hither'.''Paraj'' conveyed to him the deep slumber that overtook one at night's end.{{Sfn|Ghosh|2011}}|2=[[Reba Som]]|3=''Rabindranath Tagore: The Singer and His Song''."{{Sfn|Som|2010|p=38}}}}
{{Listen
| filename = তবু মনে রেখো - গায়ক-রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর.oga
| title = "Tabu Mone Rekho" – sung by Rabindranath Tagore
| description = "Tabu Mone Rekho", a song by Tagore, sung in his own voice. The song was written in 1887 CE (1294 [[Bengali calendar|Bengali year]]).<ref name="Tabu mone rekho">{{Cite web |title=Tabu mone rekho |url=http://tagoreweb.in/Render/ShowContent.aspx?ct=Songs&bi=56BEA81B-A4A0-40E5-B51D-7D0726&ti=56BEA81B-A4A1-4595-851D-7D0726E8B799&ch=c |access-date=11 May 2012 |publisher=tagoreweb.in |language=Bengali}}</ref>
| pos =
}}
Tagore influenced [[sitar]] maestro [[Vilayat Khan]] and ''[[sarod]]iyas'' Buddhadev Dasgupta and [[Amjad Ali Khan]].<ref name="Dasgupta2001" /> His songs are widely popular and undergird the Bengali ethos to an extent perhaps rivalling Shakespeare's impact on the English-speaking world.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}{{who|date=March 2015}} It is said that his songs are the outcome of five centuries of Bengali literary churning and communal yearning.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} [[Dhan Gopal Mukerji]] has said that these songs transcend the mundane to the aesthetic and express all ranges and categories of human emotion. The poet gave voice to all—big or small, rich or poor. The poor Ganges boatman and the rich landlord air their emotions in them. They birthed a distinctive school of music whose practitioners can be fiercely traditional: novel interpretations have drawn severe censure in both West Bengal and Bangladesh.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}

For Bengalis, the songs' appeal, stemming from the combination of emotive strength and beauty described as surpassing even Tagore's poetry, was such that the ''Modern Review'' observed that "[t]here is in Bengal no cultured home where Rabindranath's songs are not sung or at least attempted to be sung ... Even illiterate villagers sing his songs". [[A. H. Fox Strangways]] of ''[[The Observer]]'' introduced non-Bengalis to ''rabindrasangit'' in ''The Music of Hindostan'', calling it a "vehicle of a personality ... [that] go behind this or that system of music to that beauty of sound which all systems put out their hands to seize."{{Sfn|Tagore|Dutta|Robinson|1997|p=359}}

In 1971, ''[[Amar Shonar Bangla]]'' became the national anthem of Bangladesh. It was written—ironically—to protest the [[1905 Partition of Bengal]] along communal lines: lopping Muslim-majority East Bengal from Hindu-dominated West Bengal was to avert a regional bloodbath. Tagore saw the partition as a ploy to upend the [[Indian independence movement|independence movement]], and he aimed to rekindle Bengali unity and tar communalism. ''[[Jana Gana Mana]]'' was written in ''[[shadhu-bhasha]]'', a Sanskritised register of Bengali, and is the first of five stanzas of a Brahmo hymn that Tagore composed. It was first sung in 1911 at a Calcutta session of the [[Indian National Congress]] and was adopted in 1950 by the Constituent Assembly of the Republic of India as its national anthem.

== Songs ==
His songs are affectionately called Rabindra Sangeet, and cover topics from humanism, structuralism, introspection, psychology, romance, yearning, nostalgia, reflection, modernism. Tagore primarily worked with two subjects – first, the human being, the being and the becoming of that human being, and second, Nature, in all her myriad forms and colours, and of the relationship between the human being and Nature and how Nature affects the behavior and the expressions of human beings. ''[[Bhanusimha Thakurer Padavali ]]'' (or ''Bhanusingher Podaboli''), one of Tagore's earliest works in music, was primarily in a language that is similar and yet different from Bengali – this language, [[Brajabuli]], was derived from the language of the [[Vaishnav]] hymns, and of texts like [[Jayadeva]]'s ''[[Gita Govinda]]'', some influences from [[Sanskrit]] can be found, courtesy Tagore's extensive homeschooling in the [[Puranas]], the [[Upanishads]], as well as in poetic texts like [[Kalidasa]]'s ''[[Meghadūta]]'' and ''[[Abhigyanam Shakuntalam]]''. Tagore was one of the greatest narrators of all time, and throughout his life, we find a current of narration through all his works that surges with upheavals in the psyche of the people around him, as well as with the changes of seasons. A master of metaphor, it is often difficult to identify the true meaning that underlies his texts, but what is truly great about Tagore, is that his songs are identifiable with any and every possible mood, with every possible situation that is encountered by a person in the course of life. This truly reinforces the notion that Rabindrasangeet has at its heart some unbelievably powerful poetry. The Upanishads influenced his writing throughout his life, and his devotional music is addressed almost always to an inanimate entity, a personal, a private god, whom modernists call the Other.

Rabindranath Tagore was a curator of melodic and compositional styles. In the course of his travels all over the world, he came into contact with the musical narratives of the West, of the South of India, and these styles are reflected in some of his songs. There are several classifications of his work. The ones that beginners most often use is that based on genre – devotional (Puja Porjaay), romantic (Prem Porjaay) [Note: It often becomes difficult, if not impossible, on hearing a song, to determine if it falls in the devotional genre or the romantic. The line between the two is blurred, by certain creations of Tagore himself, e.g. Tomarei Koriyachi Jibonero Dhrubotara. Also, Tagore never made these divisions. Only after his death was the need felt to categorize, compile and thus preserve his work, and the genre-classification system was born out of this need.] seasonal (Prokriti Porjaay) – summer (Grishho), monsoon (Borsha), autumn (Shorot), early winter (Hemonto), winter (Sheet), Spring (Boshonto); diverse (Bichitro), patriotic (Deshatmobodhok). Although Deshatmobodh and patriotism are completely antipodal concepts, yet the difficulties of translation present themselves, apart from songs specified for certain events or occasions (Aanushtthanik) and the songs he composed for his numerous plays and dance-dramas.

== Collections ==
The book forming a collection of all 2,233 songs written by Rabindranath is called ''[[Gitabitan]]''<ref name="DasguptaGuha2013" /> ("Garden of songs")<ref>{{Cite web |last=gitabitan.net |title=GITABITAN of Rabindranath Tagore – An Encyclopedic Site |url=http://www.gitabitan.net/ |access-date=9 December 2016 |website=www.gitabitan.net}}</ref> and forms an important part of extant historical materials pertaining to Bengali musical expression. The six major parts of this book are ''Puja'' (worship), ''Prem'' (love), ''Prakriti'' (seasons), ''Swadesh'' (patriotism), ''Aanushthanik'' (occasion-specific), ''Bichitro'' (miscellaneous) and ''[[Rabindra Nritya Natya|Nrityonatya]]'' (dance dramas and lyrical plays).{{Sfn|Som|2010|p=89-91}}

The ''Swarabitan'', published in 64 volumes, includes the texts of 1,721 songs and their musical notation.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhattacharya |first=Sabyasachi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xYpkWGHGkwYC |title=Rabindranath Tagore: an interpretation |date=2011 |publisher=Viking, Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0670084555 |location=New Delhi |page=208}}</ref> The volumes were first published between 1936 and 1955.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}

Earlier collections, all arranged chronologically, include ''Rabi Chhaya'' (1885), ''Ganer Bahi o Valmiki Pratibha'' (1893), ''Gan'' (1908), and ''Dharmashongit'' (1909).{{Sfn|Som|2010|p=89}}

== Historical influence ==
Rabindra Sangeet has been an integral part of Bengal culture for over a century.<ref name="Magic of Rabindra Sangeet" /><ref name="Dasgupta Guha p252">{{Harvnb|Dasgupta|Guha|2013|p=252}}</ref> Hindu monk and Indian social reformer [[Swami Vivekananda]] became an admirer of Rabindra Sangeet in his youth. He composed music in the Rabindra Sangeet style, for example ''Gaganer Thale'' in [[Raga Jaijaivanti]].<ref name="Magic of Rabindra Sangeet" />

Many of Tagore's songs form the worship hymnal and hymns in many Churches in Kolkata and West Bengal. Some examples are Aaguner Poroshmoni and Aanondoloke Mongolaloke.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-3RNg8dRTY</ref>

=== Digitization ===
As of July 2016, 7,864 Rabindra Sangeet have been digitized by [[Saregama]] and is available online for download.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srijani |first=Ganguly |date=16 July 2016 |title=Rabindra Sangeet and Nazrul Geet are now digitised, and you can buy them online |work=India Today |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/bengal-music-rabindra-sangeet-and-nazrul-geet-digitised-buy-them-online-lifest/1/716871.html |access-date=9 December 2016}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Music of Bengal]]
* [[Works of Rabindranath Tagore]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Works cited ===
* {{Cite book |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Sanjukta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8zfX4llLjyUC&pg=PA252 |title=Tagore-At Home in the World |last2=Guha |first2=Chinmoy |publisher=SAGE Publications |year=2013 |isbn=978-81-321-1084-2}}
* {{Cite book |last=Furrell |first=James Wyburd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h3gOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA154 |title=The Tagore Family: A Memoir |publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench, & Company |year=1882}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Santidev |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y3prNyZ7SKwC |title=Rabindrasangeet Vichitra – Rabindra Sangeet Miscellany |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |year=2006 |isbn=978-81-8069-305-2 |author-link=Santidev Ghosh}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Ghosh |first=B. |year=2011 |title=Inside the World of Tagore's Music |url=http://www.parabaas.com/rabindranath/articles/pBhaswati2.html |access-date=17 September 2011 |periodical=Parabaas}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sigi |first=Rekha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZW93OdoQIfIC&pg=PA90 |title=Gurudev Ravindra Nath Tagore A Biography |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. |year=2006 |isbn=978-81-89182-90-8}}
* {{Cite book |last=Som |first=Reba |title=Rabindranath Tagore: The Singer and His Song |publisher=Viking |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-670-08248-3 |publication-date=26 May 2010 |ol=23720201M |author-link=Reba Som}}
* {{Cite book |last=Tagore |first=Rabindranath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UWhnwlQyplEC&pg=PR12 |title=Boyhood Days |publisher=Penguin Books India |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-14-333021-9}}
* {{Cite book |last=Tagore |first=Rabindranath |title=Selected Letters of Rabindranath Tagore |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-521-59018-1 |editor-last=Dutta |editor-first=K. |ref={{harvid|Tagore|Dutta|Robinson|1997}} |editor-last2=Robinson |editor-first2=A.}}

==Further reading==
For year of composition, [[raga]] and [[Tala (music)|tala]] of Tagore's songs, see:
* {{in lang|bn}} Chandra, Sudhir (2002). ''Rabindrasangeet: Rag-Shur Nirdeshika''. Papyrus, Kolkata.
* {{in lang|bn}} Mukhopadhyay, Prabhat Kumar (2003). ''Gitabitan: Kalanukromik Shuchi''. Tagore Research Institute, Kolkata.

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.tagoreweb.in tagoreweb.in], contains complete works of Tagore, including his songs,
* {{Cite web |last=gitabitan.net |title=Gitabitan of Rabindranath Tagore – An Encyclopedic Site |url=http://www.gitabitan.net/ |website=www.gitabitan.net}}

{{Notable singers of Rabindra Sangeet}}
{{Rabindranath Tagore}}
{{Culture of West Bengal}}
{{Bengal Renaissance}}

{{authority control}}

{{West Bengal}}

[[Category:Rabindra Sangeet| ]]
[[Category:Bengali-language literature]]
[[Category:Bengali music]]
[[Category:Culture of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian literature]]
[[Category:Culture of Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian music]]
[[Category:Indian culture]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi culture]]
[[Category:Music of Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian styles of music]]