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{{Unbalanced|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox month
| image = MiladUnnNabi.jpg
| alt =
| caption = [[Indian Muslims]] with green flags for [[Mawlid]]
| native_name = {{Native name|ar|رَبِيع ٱلْأَوَّل}}
| calendar = [[Islamic calendar]]
| num = 3
| days = 29-30 (depends on actual observation of the moon's crescent)
| season =
| gregorian =
| holidays =
* [[Eid-e-Milad]]
| prev_month = [[Safar]]
| next_month = [[Rabiʽ al-Thani]]
}}
{{IslamicMonths sidebar}}

'''Rabiʽ al-Awwal''' ({{lang-ar|رَبِيع ٱلْأَوَّل|Rabīʿ al-ʾAwwal|lit=The initial Rabi}}, also known as '''Rabi' al-Ula''' ({{lang-ar|رَبِيع ٱلْأُولَىٰ|Rabī‘ al-ʾŪlā|lit=The first Rabi}}), or '''Rabi' I''', is the third month of the [[Islamic calendar]]. The name ''Rabī‘ al-awwal'' means "''the first month'' or ''beginning of [[Spring (season)|spring]]''", referring to its position in the [[pre-Islamic Arabia]]n calendar.

During this month, the majority of Muslims celebrate ''[[Mawlid]]'', the birthday of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]].{{Why|date=September 2022}} Other Muslims do not believe the celebration is evidenced as necessary or even Islamically permissible in the [[Quran]] or authentic [[Hadith]] and has evolved as an imitation of the Christian celebration of [[Jesus]]' birthday on [[Christmas]]. Although Muhammad's exact birthday is unknown,<ref>{{cite book|author1=Annemarie Schimmel|author-link1=Annemarie Schimmel|title=Deciphering the signs of God: a phenomenological approach to Islam|date=1994|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|page=69|edition=illustrated}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Eliade|editor1-first=Mircea|editor1-link=Mircea Eliade|title=The Encyclopedia of religion, Volume 9|date=1987|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=9780029098004|page=292|edition=illustrated}}</ref> some Muslims believe it to have been the twelfth of this month.

In the days of the [[Ottoman Empire]], the name of this month in [[Ottoman Turkish language|Ottoman Turkish]] was '''Rèbi' ulèvvèl''',<ref>{{cite book|author=Youssof, R.|title=Dictionnaire portatif turc-français de la langue usuelle en caractères latins et turcs|year=1890|place=Constantinople|page=[https://archive.org/details/DictionnairePortatifTurc/page/n497 479]}}</ref> with the abbreviation '''Ra'''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Youssof, R.|title=Dictionnaire portatif turc-français de la langue usuelle en caractères latins et turcs|year=1890|place=Constantinople|page=[https://archive.org/details/DictionnairePortatifTurc/page/n495 476]}}</ref> In modern Turkish, it is '''Rebiülevvel'''.

==Meaning==
The word "Rabi" means "[[Spring (season)|spring]]" and Al-awwal means "the first" in the [[Arabic language]], so "Rabi' al-awwal" means "the first spring" in [[Arabic]]. The name seems to have to do with the celebratory events in the month, as spring marks the end of winter (a symbol of sadness) and consequently the start of happiness. As the Islamic calendar is a purely [[lunar calendar]], the month naturally rotates over solar years, so Rabīʽ al-awwal can fall in spring or any other season. Therefore, the month cannot be related to the actual season of spring.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=6355|title=المنجد في اللغة - المكتبة الوقفية للكتب المصورة PDF|website=waqfeya.net}}</ref>

==Celebrations==
{{main|Mawlid}}
Although historians and scholars disagree on the exact date of Muhammad's birth,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ww1.mysticsaint.info/?subid1=3e3a0c22-eb48-11ec-a0b3-e3a914ef935f|title=mysticsaint.info|website=ww1.mysticsaint.info}}</ref> it is celebrated by some Muslims on the 12th or 17th of Rabi' al-awwal.

However, some Muslims do not celebrate the Prophet's birthday, as neither the Prophet himself nor any of his [[Companions of the Prophet|companions]] observed any such birthday celebrations, and they do not consider it an Islamic obligation nor an act of any religious merit with any basis in the Quran or in any authentic [[Hadith]].

When the celebration of the Mawlid is done by Muslims, it is done differently depending on the country. In some areas, celebrations begin as early as the first of the month and can continue till the end of the month. Muslims generally put coloured lights on roads, streets, and their homes and fly green flags as well to celebrate.

In many countries, a procession is also conducted on the night and day of the 12th or 17th of Rabi' al-awwal. On these occasions, sweets and drinks are also distributed widely from home to home and to the general public. In some areas, Muslims also exchange gifts.

==Timing==
The [[Islamic calendar]] is a purely [[lunar calendar]], and months begin when the first crescent of a [[new moon]] is sighted. Since the Islamic [[lunar year]] is 11 to 12 days shorter than the [[solar year]], Rabī‘ al-Awwal migrates throughout the seasons. The estimated start and end dates for Rabī‘ al-Awwal are as follows (based on the [[Islamic calendar#Saudi_Arabia's_Umm_al-Qura_calendar|Umm al-Qura]] calendar of Saudi Arabia<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura.htm|title=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia|website=webspace.science.uu.nl}}</ref>):

{|class=wikitable style="text-align:right"
|+Rabī' al-Awwal dates between 2020 and 2024
|-
!scope="col"|[[Anno Hegirae|AH]]
!scope="col"|First day ([[Common Era|CE]]/[[Anno Domini|AD]])
!scope="col"|Last day ([[Common Era|CE]]/[[Anno Domini|AD]])
|-
!scope="row"|1442
|18 October 2020
|15 November 2020
|-
!scope="row"|1443
|{{0}}7 October 2021
|{{0}}5 November 2021
|-
!scope="row"|1444
|27 September 2022
|25 October 2022
|-
!scope="row"|1445
|16 September 2023
|15 October 2023
|-
!scope="row"|1446
|{{0}}4 September 2024
|{{0}}3 October 2024
|}

==Islamic events==
* 01 Rabī‘ al-Awwal 897 AH, the fall of the [[Emirate of Granada]], the final Muslim kingdom of [[al-Andalus]]
* 08 Rabī‘ al-Awwal, death of Imam Hassan Al-Askari [[Twelvers|Twelver Imām]], [[Hasan al-Askari|Hasan al-‘Askarī]] (''see: [[Chup Tazia]]'')
* 09 Rabī‘ al-Awwal, [[Eid e shuja]]
* 12 Rabī‘ al-Awwal, Sunni Muslims observe [[Mawlid]] in commemoration of [[Muhammad]]'s birthday
* 13 Rabi‘ al-Awwal, Death of [Umm Rubab] (beloved wife of Imam Hussain)
* 17 Rabī‘ al-Awwal, [[Shia]] celebrate the birthday of the [[Imām]] [[Ja'far al-Sadiq|Ja‘far al-Sādiq]].
* 18 Rabī‘ al-Awwal, birth of [[Umm Kulthum bint Ali]]
* 26 Rabī‘ al-Awwal 1333 AH, death of [[Khwaja Sirajuddin Naqshbandi]], a [[Naqshbandi]] Sufi shaykh

Other events:

* The [[Hijra (Islam)|Hijra]] (migration) took place in this month
* Eid-e-Zahra (a.k.a. [[Eid e shuja]]), a celebration of [[Shia|Shi‘ah Muslims]]
* Marriage of [[Muhammad]] to [[Khadijah bint Khuwaylid]]
* Building of the [[Quba Mosque]] (first mosque in Islam)
* The week including 12th and 17th is called [[Mawlid#Islamic Unity Week|Islamic Unity Week]] in [[Iran]] to address both Sunni and Shia views on the birth date of Mohammad.<ref name="Days on viewpoint of Imam Khomeini">{{cite book|last1=Iranian Revolutionary Guards|first1=Institute of Islamic Studies|title=Days on viewpoint of Imam Khomeini|publisher=Islamic research center|location=Tehran|page=176|url=http://www.noorlib.ir/View/fa/Book/BookView/Image/5788}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://ramadanbuzz.com/eid-milad-un-nabi-quotes-wishes-images-greeting-and-status/ 12 Rabi Ul Awwal]
* [https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/islam_tabcal.htm Islamic-Western Calendar Converter (Based on the Arithmetical or Tabular Calendar)]
{{IslamicMonths}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rabi' Al-Awwal}}
[[Category:Months of the Islamic calendar|3]]
[[Category:Islamic terminology]]

[[kk:Рабииғул әууәл]]
[[sv:Rabi' al-Awwal]]

Rabi' al-Awwal - Revision history

Teamaksharhospital: added formatting as per guidelines

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article