Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 21:07, 29 June 2022
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	\| term_end = 28 February 1976		\| term_end = 28 February 1976
	\| governor_general =		\| governor_general =
			\| order2 = First Lady of Pakistan
			\| party = [[Muslim League (Pakistan)\|Muslim League]]
	\| term_start2 = 14 August 1947		\| term_start2 = 14 August 1947
	\| term_end2 = 16 October 1951		\| term_end2 = 16 October 1951
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	}}		}}

	'''[[Begum]] Ra'ana Liaqat Ali Khan''' ({{lang-ur\|{{nastaliq\|رعنا لياقت على خان}}}}, known as '''Gul-i-Rana'''; 13 February 1905 – 13 June 1990)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=6VIYAAAAIAAJ&q=Ra%27ana+Liaquat+Ali+Khan+February+13,+1905&dq=Ra%27ana+Liaquat+Ali+Khan+February+13,+1905&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHiPDSjJnsAhWLxoUKHSFgCPoQ6AEwAnoECAIQAg Profile of Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan]</ref> was the First Lady of Pakistan from 1947 to 1951 as the wife of [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] who served as the 1st [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]. She was one of the leading woman figures in the [[Pakistan Movement]], and a career economist, and prominent [[politician\|stateswoman]] from the [[Cold War (1947–1953)\|start]] of the cold war till the fall and the [[Cold War (1962-1991)\|end]] of the [[cold war]].<ref name="Jazbah Magazine ">{{Cite web\| last =Faisal Abdulla\| title =Women of Pakistan: Begum Ra'ana Liaqat Ali Khan\| magazine =Jazbah Magazine\| url =http://www.jazbah.org/raanak.php\| url-status =dead\| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120717032440/http://www.jazbah.org/raanak.php\| archive-date =17 July 2012\| df =dmy-all}}</ref>		'''[[Begum]] Ra'ana Liaqat Ali Khan''' ({{lang-ur\|{{nastaliq\|رعنا لياقت على خان}}}}, known as '''Gul-i-Rana'''; 13 February 1905 – 13 June 1990)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=6VIYAAAAIAAJ&q=Ra%27ana+Liaquat+Ali+Khan+February+13,+1905&dq=Ra%27ana+Liaquat+Ali+Khan+February+13,+1905&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHiPDSjJnsAhWLxoUKHSFgCPoQ6AEwAnoECAIQAg Profile of Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan]</ref> was the First Lady of Pakistan from 1947 to 1951 as the wife of [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] who served as the 1st [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]. She was also the first female and tenth governor of Sindh. She was one of the leading woman figures in the [[Pakistan Movement]], and a career economist, and prominent [[politician\|stateswoman]] from the [[Cold War (1947–1953)\|start]] of the cold war till the fall and the [[Cold War (1962-1991)\|end]] of the [[cold war]].<ref name="Jazbah Magazine ">{{Cite web\| last =Faisal Abdulla\| title =Women of Pakistan: Begum Ra'ana Liaqat Ali Khan\| magazine =Jazbah Magazine\| url =http://www.jazbah.org/raanak.php\| url-status =dead\| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120717032440/http://www.jazbah.org/raanak.php\| archive-date =17 July 2012\| df =dmy-all}}</ref>

	She was one of the leading women politicians and nationwide respected female personalities witnessed [[History of Pakistan\|key major events]] in Pakistan.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> She was one of the leading and pioneering women figures in the [[Pakistan Movement]] and served as the executive member of Pakistan Movement committee working under [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]].<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> She also served as economic adviser to Jinnah's Pakistan Movement Committee and later became First Lady of Pakistan when her husband Liaqat Khan Ali became Pakistan's first [[Prime minister of Pakistan\|prime minister]].<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/> rana liaqat ali khan as First Lady of Pakistan, she launched programs for woman's development in the newly founded country. Later, she would start her career as a stateswoman that would last a decade.<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/>		She was one of the leading women politicians and nationwide respected female personalities witnessed [[History of Pakistan\|key major events]] in Pakistan.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> She was one of the leading and pioneering women figures in the [[Pakistan Movement]] and served as the executive member of Pakistan Movement committee working under [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]].<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> She also served as economic adviser to Jinnah's Pakistan Movement Committee and later became First Lady of Pakistan when her husband Liaqat Khan Ali became Pakistan's first [[Prime minister of Pakistan\|prime minister]].<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/> rana liaqat ali khan as First Lady of Pakistan, she launched programs for woman's development in the newly founded country. Later, she would start her career as a stateswoman that would last a decade.<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/>
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	===Early life and education===		===Early life and education===
	Sheila Irene Pant was born in [[Almora]], [[Kumaon division\|Kumaon]] in 1905 in a brahmin family that had adopted Chistianity.<ref>Hina Azmat, Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society, Volume No. 32, Issue No. 1, January - June 2019		Sheila Irene Pant was born in [[Almora]], [[Kumaon division\|Kumaon]] in 1905 in a brahmin family that had adopted Chistianity.<ref>Hina Azmat, Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society, Volume No. 32, Issue No. 1, January - June 2019
	[http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/HistoryPStudies/PDF_Files/5_v32_1_2019.pdf]</ref><ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/><ref name="All Pakistan Woman Association ">{{Cite web\| last =(APWA) Kumauni people\| first =All Pakistan Woman Association\| title =APWA Public Press\| work =APWA Directorate for Public Services\| publisher =All Pakistan Woman Association\| url =http://apwapakistan.com/about-us/begum-raana-liaquat-ali-khan\| url-status =dead\| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20111127052316/http://apwapakistan.com/about-us/begum-raana-liaquat-ali-khan\| archive-date =27 November 2011\| df =dmy-all}}</ref> In 1930 she converted to Islam hence changing her name from 'Irene' to Ra,naa (Gul-i-Rana).<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/begum-raana-liaquat-ali-khan-pakistan-first-lady-namita-gokhale-book-pakistans-first-lady-5793889/ \|title=~~Pakistan’s~~ First Lady \|last=Ahmed \|first=Khaled \|date=24 June 2019 \|website=indianexpress.com \|publisher=The Indian Express\| url-status =live\| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20190624140450/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/begum-raana-liaquat-ali-khan-pakistan-first-lady-namita-gokhale-book-pakistans-first-lady-5793889/ \|archive-date=24 July 2019 \|access-date=23 November 2021}}</ref> She attended the [[University of Lucknow]], where in 1927 she was awarded a BA degree in Economics and a Bachelor of Theology in [[Religion studies\|Religious Studies]]. In 1929, she obtained a double MSc in Economics and Sociology.<ref name="pirbhai">{{cite book \|title=Fatima Jinnah \|first=M. Reza \|last=Pirbhai \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|page=68 \|year=2017 \|isbn=9781108131728}}</ref> She began her career as a teacher in the Gokhale Memorial School after completing the Teachers Diploma Course from the [[Diocesan College]], [[Calcutta]].<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> She was appointed as Professor of Economics at [[Indraprastha College]], Delhi, in 1931 and met [[Liaqat Ali Khan]] in the same year when he visited to deliver a lecture on law. The couple married in 1932. At this time, she converted to Islam and took the name Begum Ra'ana Liaqat Ali Khan.<ref name="pirbhai"/> After the reorganisation of the [[All-India Muslim League\|Muslim League]], Begum Ra'ana devoted herself to the task of creating political consciousness amongst the [[Women in Muslim societies\|Muslim women]] society of the British Indian Empire. During this time, Ra'anna became an executive member of Jinnah's Working Committee and served there as economical adviser. Her struggle for emancipation and support for Pakistan continued till the creation of Pakistan for Muslims of India in 1947.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/>		[http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/HistoryPStudies/PDF_Files/5_v32_1_2019.pdf]</ref><ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/><ref name="All Pakistan Woman Association ">{{Cite web\| last =(APWA) Kumauni people\| first =All Pakistan Woman Association\| title =APWA Public Press\| work =APWA Directorate for Public Services\| publisher =All Pakistan Woman Association\| url =http://apwapakistan.com/about-us/begum-raana-liaquat-ali-khan\| url-status =dead\| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20111127052316/http://apwapakistan.com/about-us/begum-raana-liaquat-ali-khan\| archive-date =27 November 2011\| df =dmy-all}}</ref> In 1930 she converted to Islam hence changing her name from 'Irene' to Ra,naa (Gul-i-Rana).<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/begum-raana-liaquat-ali-khan-pakistan-first-lady-namita-gokhale-book-pakistans-first-lady-5793889/ \|title=Pakistan's First Lady \|last=Ahmed \|first=Khaled \|date=24 June 2019 \|website=indianexpress.com \|publisher=The Indian Express\| url-status =live\| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20190624140450/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/begum-raana-liaquat-ali-khan-pakistan-first-lady-namita-gokhale-book-pakistans-first-lady-5793889/ \|archive-date=24 July 2019 \|access-date=23 November 2021}}</ref> She attended the [[University of Lucknow]], where in 1927 she was awarded a BA degree in Economics and a Bachelor of Theology in [[Religion studies\|Religious Studies]]. In 1929, she obtained a double MSc in Economics and Sociology.<ref name="pirbhai">{{cite book \|title=Fatima Jinnah \|first=M. Reza \|last=Pirbhai \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|page=68 \|year=2017 \|isbn=9781108131728}}</ref> She began her career as a teacher in the Gokhale Memorial School after completing the Teachers Diploma Course from the [[Diocesan College]], [[Calcutta]].<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> She was appointed as Professor of Economics at [[Indraprastha College]], Delhi, in 1931 and met [[Liaqat Ali Khan]] in the same year when he visited to deliver a lecture on law. The couple married in 1932. At this time, she converted to Islam and took the name Begum Ra'ana Liaqat Ali Khan.<ref name="pirbhai"/> After the reorganisation of the [[All-India Muslim League\|Muslim League]], Begum Ra'ana devoted herself to the task of creating political consciousness amongst the [[Women in Muslim societies\|Muslim women]] society of the British Indian Empire. During this time, Ra'anna became an executive member of Jinnah's Working Committee and served there as economical adviser. Her struggle for emancipation and support for Pakistan continued till the creation of Pakistan for Muslims of India in 1947.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/>

	==Pakistan Movement==		==Pakistan Movement==
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	===Initiatives for women===		===Initiatives for women===
	Ra'ana founded [[National Guard of Pakistan\|Pakistan Women National Guards (PWNG)]], and helped established the Pakistan Woman Naval Reserves in the [[Pakistan Navy\|Navy]], and was appointed as the Chief Controller.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://storyofpakistan.com/begum-raana-liaquat-ali-khan/\|title=Begum Raana Liaquat Ali Khan\|website=storyofpakistan.com}}</ref><ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament ">{{Cite web		Ra'ana founded [[National Guard of Pakistan\|Pakistan Women National Guards (PWNG)]], and helped established the Pakistan Woman Naval Reserves in the [[Pakistan Navy\|Navy]], and was appointed as the Chief Controller.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://storyofpakistan.com/begum-raana-liaquat-ali-khan/\|title=Begum Raana Liaquat Ali Khan\|website=storyofpakistan.com\|date=23 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament ">{{Cite web

	\|title = Legend: Ra'ana Liaqat Ali Khan		\|title = Legend: Ra'ana Liaqat Ali Khan
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	[[Category:Converts to Islam from Christianity]]		[[Category:Converts to Islam from Christianity]]
	[[Category:Muhajir people]]		[[Category:Muhajir people]]
			[[Category:Kumaoni people]]
	[[Category:Ambassadors of Pakistan to the Netherlands]]		[[Category:Ambassadors of Pakistan to the Netherlands]]
	[[Category:Ambassadors of Pakistan to Italy]]		[[Category:Ambassadors of Pakistan to Italy]]

->Jonathansammy: /* Early life and education */ copyedit

2022-01-02T19:26:48Z

Early life and education: copyedit

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:56, 3 January 2022
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=March 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=March 2020}}
	{{Infobox officeholder		{{Infobox officeholder
	\| name = ~~Begum~~ Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan		\| name = Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan
	\| office =		\| office =
	\| order = 10th [[Governor of Sindh]]		\| order = 10th [[Governor of Sindh]]
	\| native_name = بیگم رعنا لياقت على خان		\| native_name = ({{lang-ur\|{{Nastaliq\|بیگم رعنا لياقت على خان}}}} <br/> गुल-इ-राणा ([[Kumaoni language\|Kumaoni]])
	\| image = Begum Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan (1961).jpg		\| image = Begum Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan (1961).jpg
	\| imagesize =		\| imagesize =
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	\| birthname = Sheila Irene Pant		\| birthname = Sheila Irene Pant
	\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|df=y\|1905\|02\|13}}		\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|df=y\|1905\|02\|13}}
	\| birth_place = [[Almora]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh\|Agra and Oudh]], [[British India]]		\| birth_place = [[Almora]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh\|Agra and Oudh]], [[British India]](present day Almora, [[Kumaon division\|Kumaon]], India)
	\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|df=y\|1990\|06\|13\|1905\|02\|13}}		\| death_date = {{Death date and age\|df=y\|1990\|06\|13\|1905\|02\|13}}
	\| death_place = [[Karachi]], [[Sindh Province\|Sindh]], [[Pakistan]]		\| death_place = [[Karachi]], [[Sindh Province\|Sindh]], [[Pakistan]]
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	}}		}}
	\| honorific-suffix = [[Nishan-e-Imtiaz\|NI]] [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic\|OMRI]] [[Order of Orange-Nassau\|ON(KGC)]]		\| honorific-suffix = [[Nishan-e-Imtiaz\|NI]] [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic\|OMRI]] [[Order of Orange-Nassau\|ON(KGC)]]
	\| honorific-prefix = Māder-e-Pakistan		\| honorific-prefix = Māder-e-Pakistan <br/> [[Begum]]
	\| term_start = 15 February 1973		\| term_start = 15 February 1973
	\| term_end = 28 February 1976		\| term_end = 28 February 1976
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	}}		}}

	'''[[Begum]] Ra'ana Liaqat Ali Khan''' ({{lang-ur\|{{nastaliq\|رعنا لياقت على خان}}}}, ~~born~~ '''~~Sheila Irene Pant~~'''; 13 February 1905 – 13 June 1990)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=6VIYAAAAIAAJ&q=Ra%27ana+Liaquat+Ali+Khan+February+13,+1905&dq=Ra%27ana+Liaquat+Ali+Khan+February+13,+1905&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHiPDSjJnsAhWLxoUKHSFgCPoQ6AEwAnoECAIQAg Profile of Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan]</ref> was the First Lady of Pakistan from 1947 to 1951 as the wife of [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] who served as the 1st [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]. She was one of the leading woman figures in the [[Pakistan Movement]] ~~along with her husband~~, and a career economist, and prominent [[politician\|stateswoman]] from the [[Cold War (1947–1953)\|start]] of the cold war till the fall and the [[Cold War (1962-1991)\|end]] of the [[cold war]].<ref name="Jazbah Magazine ">{{Cite web\| last =Faisal Abdulla\| title =Women of Pakistan: Begum Ra'ana Liaqat Ali Khan\| magazine =Jazbah Magazine\| url =http://www.jazbah.org/raanak.php\| url-status =dead\| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120717032440/http://www.jazbah.org/raanak.php\| archive-date =17 July 2012\| df =dmy-all}}		'''[[Begum]] Ra'ana Liaqat Ali Khan''' ({{lang-ur\|{{nastaliq\|رعنا لياقت على خان}}}}, known as '''Gul-i-Rana'''; 13 February 1905 – 13 June 1990)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=6VIYAAAAIAAJ&q=Ra%27ana+Liaquat+Ali+Khan+February+13,+1905&dq=Ra%27ana+Liaquat+Ali+Khan+February+13,+1905&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHiPDSjJnsAhWLxoUKHSFgCPoQ6AEwAnoECAIQAg Profile of Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan]</ref> was the First Lady of Pakistan from 1947 to 1951 as the wife of [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] who served as the 1st [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]. She was one of the leading woman figures in the [[Pakistan Movement]], and a career economist, and prominent [[politician\|stateswoman]] from the [[Cold War (1947–1953)\|start]] of the cold war till the fall and the [[Cold War (1962-1991)\|end]] of the [[cold war]].<ref name="Jazbah Magazine ">{{Cite web\| last =Faisal Abdulla\| title =Women of Pakistan: Begum Ra'ana Liaqat Ali Khan\| magazine =Jazbah Magazine\| url =http://www.jazbah.org/raanak.php\| url-status =dead\| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120717032440/http://www.jazbah.org/raanak.php\| archive-date =17 July 2012\| df =dmy-all}}</ref>

	~~</ref> Ra'anna~~ was one of the leading ~~woman~~ politicians and nationwide respected ~~woman~~ personalities ~~who started her career in the 1940s and~~ witnessed [[History of Pakistan\|key major events]] in Pakistan.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> She was one of the leading and pioneering ~~woman~~ figures in the [[Pakistan Movement]] and served as the executive member of Pakistan Movement committee working under [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]].<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> She also served as economic adviser to Jinnah's Pakistan Movement Committee and later became First Lady of Pakistan when her husband Liaqat Khan Ali became Pakistan's first [[Prime minister of Pakistan\|prime minister]].<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/> As First Lady of Pakistan, she launched programs for woman's development in the newly founded country. Later, she would start her career as a stateswoman that would last a decade.<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/>		She was one of the leading women politicians and nationwide respected female personalities witnessed [[History of Pakistan\|key major events]] in Pakistan.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> She was one of the leading and pioneering women figures in the [[Pakistan Movement]] and served as the executive member of Pakistan Movement committee working under [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]].<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> She also served as economic adviser to Jinnah's Pakistan Movement Committee and later became First Lady of Pakistan when her husband Liaqat Khan Ali became Pakistan's first [[Prime minister of Pakistan\|prime minister]].<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/> rana liaqat ali khan as First Lady of Pakistan, she launched programs for woman's development in the newly founded country. Later, she would start her career as a stateswoman that would last a decade.<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/>

	In the 1970s, she joined hands with [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]]'s [[Socialism in Pakistan\|political movement]] and joined the [[:Template:Government of Prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto\|socialist government]] of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, elected prime minister at that time. She was one of the most trusted and close government and economical advisers to Bhutto and his government, and had played influential role and involved with many key economical decisions taken by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.<ref name="Oxford University Press "/> [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] led the appointment of Ra'ana as the [[Governor of Sindh\|Governor]] of [[Sindh Province]], and she took the oath on 15 February 1973. Ra'ana was the first woman Governor of Sindh as well as first [[Chancellor (education)\|Chancellor]] of [[University of Karachi]].<ref name="Oxford University Press "/> In 1977, Ra'ana along with Bhutto and his party, and won the [[1977 Pakistani general election\|parliamentary elections]] of 1977, but did not take the gubernatorial office due to [[Operation Fair Play\|martial law imposed]] by General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq\|Zia-ul-Haq]], [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)\|Chief of Army Staff]] of [[Pakistan Army]].<ref name="Oxford University Press "/> Ra'ana went on to work and dedicated her life for the social and economic benefit of women of Pakistan till her death in 1990.<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/> She died in 1990 due to cardiac arrest and was buried in Karachi, with full state and military honours given to her in her funeral.<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/> Because of her services and efforts for medical and woman development and woman empowerment, Ra'ana is commonly known as "''Māder-e-Pakistan''" (English translation: ''Mother of Pakistan'').<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/>		In the 1970s, she joined hands with [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]]'s [[Socialism in Pakistan\|political movement]] and joined the [[:Template:Government of Prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto\|socialist government]] of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, elected prime minister at that time. She was one of the most trusted and close government and economical advisers to Bhutto and his government, and had played influential role and involved with many key economical decisions taken by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.<ref name="Oxford University Press "/> [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] led the appointment of Ra'ana as the [[Governor of Sindh\|Governor]] of [[Sindh Province]], and she took the oath on 15 February 1973. Ra'ana was the first woman Governor of Sindh as well as first [[Chancellor (education)\|Chancellor]] of [[University of Karachi]].<ref name="Oxford University Press "/> In 1977, Ra'ana along with Bhutto and his party, and won the [[1977 Pakistani general election\|parliamentary elections]] of 1977, but did not take the gubernatorial office due to [[Operation Fair Play\|martial law imposed]] by General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq\|Zia-ul-Haq]], [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)\|Chief of Army Staff]] of [[Pakistan Army]].<ref name="Oxford University Press "/> Ra'ana went on to work and dedicated her life for the social and economic benefit of women of Pakistan till her death in 1990.<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/> She died in 1990 due to cardiac arrest and was buried in Karachi, with full state and military honours given to her in her funeral.<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/> Because of her services and efforts for medical and woman development and woman empowerment, Ra'ana is commonly known as "''Māder-e-Pakistan''" (English translation: ''Mother of Pakistan'').<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/>
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	===Early life and education===		===Early life and education===
	Sheila Irene Pant was born in [[Almora]], ~~now in~~ [[Kumaon division\|Kumaon]]~~, India, to~~ a ~~Kumaoni Hindu~~ family. ~~She is also known as "Almora'ak chyali " (Almora's Daughter)~~. ~~Her father~~, ~~Daniel Pant~~, ~~served in the United Provinces Secretariat~~. ~~Of [[Kumauni people\|Kumaoni~~]~~] heritage, the Pant family was a relatively recent convert to Christianity in 1871.~~<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/><ref name="All Pakistan Woman Association ">{{Cite web\| last =(APWA) Kumauni people\| first =All Pakistan Woman Association\| title =APWA Public Press\| work =APWA Directorate for Public Services\| publisher =All Pakistan Woman Association\| url =http://apwapakistan.com/about-us/begum-raana-liaquat-ali-khan\| url-status =dead\| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20111127052316/http://apwapakistan.com/about-us/begum-raana-liaquat-ali-khan\| archive-date =27 November 2011\| df =dmy-all}}</ref> ~~Pant~~ attended the [[University of Lucknow]], where in 1927 she was awarded a BA degree in Economics and a Bachelor of Theology in [[Religion studies\|Religious Studies]]. In 1929, she obtained a double MSc in Economics and Sociology.<ref name="pirbhai">{{cite book \|title=Fatima Jinnah \|first=M. Reza \|last=Pirbhai \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|page=68 \|year=2017 \|isbn=9781108131728}}</ref> She began her career as a teacher in the Gokhale Memorial School after completing the Teachers Diploma Course from the [[Diocesan College]], [[Calcutta]].<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> She was appointed as Professor of Economics at [[Indraprastha College]], Delhi, in 1931 and met [[Liaqat Ali Khan]] in the same year when he visited to deliver a lecture on law. The couple married in 1932. At this time, she converted to Islam and took the name Begum Ra'ana Liaqat Ali Khan.<ref name="pirbhai"/> After the reorganisation of the [[All-India Muslim League\|Muslim League]], Begum Ra'ana devoted herself to the task of creating political consciousness amongst the [[Women in Muslim societies\|Muslim women]] society of the British Indian Empire. During this time, Ra'anna became an executive member of Jinnah's Working Committee and served there as economical adviser. Her struggle for emancipation and support for Pakistan continued till the creation of Pakistan for Muslims of India in 1947.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/>		Sheila Irene Pant was born in [[Almora]], [[Kumaon division\|Kumaon]] in 1905 in a brahmin family that had adopted Chistianity.<ref>Hina Azmat, Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society, Volume No. 32, Issue No. 1, January - June 2019
			[http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/HistoryPStudies/PDF_Files/5_v32_1_2019.pdf]</ref><ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/><ref name="All Pakistan Woman Association ">{{Cite web\| last =(APWA) Kumauni people\| first =All Pakistan Woman Association\| title =APWA Public Press\| work =APWA Directorate for Public Services\| publisher =All Pakistan Woman Association\| url =http://apwapakistan.com/about-us/begum-raana-liaquat-ali-khan\| url-status =dead\| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20111127052316/http://apwapakistan.com/about-us/begum-raana-liaquat-ali-khan\| archive-date =27 November 2011\| df =dmy-all}}</ref> In 1930 she converted to Islam hence changing her name from 'Irene' to Ra,naa (Gul-i-Rana).<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/begum-raana-liaquat-ali-khan-pakistan-first-lady-namita-gokhale-book-pakistans-first-lady-5793889/ \|title=Pakistan’s First Lady \|last=Ahmed \|first=Khaled \|date=24 June 2019 \|website=indianexpress.com \|publisher=The Indian Express\| url-status =live\| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20190624140450/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/begum-raana-liaquat-ali-khan-pakistan-first-lady-namita-gokhale-book-pakistans-first-lady-5793889/ \|archive-date=24 July 2019 \|access-date=23 November 2021}}</ref> She attended the [[University of Lucknow]], where in 1927 she was awarded a BA degree in Economics and a Bachelor of Theology in [[Religion studies\|Religious Studies]]. In 1929, she obtained a double MSc in Economics and Sociology.<ref name="pirbhai">{{cite book \|title=Fatima Jinnah \|first=M. Reza \|last=Pirbhai \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|page=68 \|year=2017 \|isbn=9781108131728}}</ref> She began her career as a teacher in the Gokhale Memorial School after completing the Teachers Diploma Course from the [[Diocesan College]], [[Calcutta]].<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> She was appointed as Professor of Economics at [[Indraprastha College]], Delhi, in 1931 and met [[Liaqat Ali Khan]] in the same year when he visited to deliver a lecture on law. The couple married in 1932. At this time, she converted to Islam and took the name Begum Ra'ana Liaqat Ali Khan.<ref name="pirbhai"/> After the reorganisation of the [[All-India Muslim League\|Muslim League]], Begum Ra'ana devoted herself to the task of creating political consciousness amongst the [[Women in Muslim societies\|Muslim women]] society of the British Indian Empire. During this time, Ra'anna became an executive member of Jinnah's Working Committee and served there as economical adviser. Her struggle for emancipation and support for Pakistan continued till the creation of Pakistan for Muslims of India in 1947.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/>

	==Pakistan Movement==		==Pakistan Movement==
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	== Career as stateswoman ==		== Career as stateswoman ==
	[[~~Image~~:Begum Liaquat Ali Khan NYC.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Begum Liaquat Ali Khan touring New York's Children's Centre]]		[[File:Begum Liaquat Ali Khan NYC.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Begum Liaquat Ali Khan touring New York's Children's Centre]]

	After her husband's death, Ra'ana went on to start her career as a [[politician\|stateswoman]] that lasted more than 2 decades.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> In 1952, Ra'ana was the first Muslim woman delegate to the United Nations.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> In 1954, the Government of Pakistan had appointed her as Pakistan's Ambassador to the [[Netherlands]], and also was the first woman ambassador of Pakistan.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> She represented Pakistan in the Netherlands until 1961 and was also the doyen of the [[Diplomatic Corps]].<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> In June 1966, she was appointed as Pakistan's Ambassador to Italy and stayed there until 1965.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> Later, she was directed to Tunisia as Pakistan's Ambassador to Tunisia and held this position until March 1966.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> Following her return to Pakistan, Ra'ana joined [[Rana Liaquat Ali Khan Government College of Home Economics]] as Professor of Economics and stayed there until 1973.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> The [[Government College University, Lahore\|Government College University]] awarded her an honorary doctorate in economics and conferred her with a Doctor of Philosophy in Economics in 1967.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/>		After her husband's death, Ra'ana went on to start her career as a [[politician\|stateswoman]] that lasted more than 2 decades.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> In 1952, Ra'ana was the first Muslim woman delegate to the United Nations.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> In 1954, the Government of Pakistan had appointed her as Pakistan's Ambassador to the [[Netherlands]], and also was the first woman ambassador of Pakistan.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> She represented Pakistan in the Netherlands until 1961 and was also the doyen of the [[Diplomatic Corps]].<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> In June 1966, she was appointed as Pakistan's Ambassador to Italy and stayed there until 1965.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> Later, she was directed to Tunisia as Pakistan's Ambassador to Tunisia and held this position until March 1966.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> Following her return to Pakistan, Ra'ana joined [[Rana Liaquat Ali Khan Government College of Home Economics]] as Professor of Economics and stayed there until 1973.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> The [[Government College University, Lahore\|Government College University]] awarded her an honorary doctorate in economics and conferred her with a Doctor of Philosophy in Economics in 1967.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/>
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	[[Category:Pakistan Movement activists from the United Provinces]]		[[Category:Pakistan Movement activists from the United Provinces]]
	[[Category:Pakistani women ambassadors]]		[[Category:Pakistani women ambassadors]]
			[[Category:Pakistani diplomats]]
	[[Category:Indian emigrants to Pakistan]]		[[Category:Indian emigrants to Pakistan]]

imported>Billjones94 at 14:43, 29 August 2021

2021-08-29T14:43:25Z

New page

{{EngvarB|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Begum Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan
| office =
| order = 10th [[Governor of Sindh]]
| native_name = بیگم رعنا لياقت على خان
| image = Begum Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan (1961).jpg
| imagesize =
| alt =
| smallimage = 
| caption = Begum Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan in 1961
| alongside = 
| predecessor = [[Mir Rasool Bux Talpur]]
| president = [[Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry]]
| primeminister =
| succeeding = 
| successor = [[Muhammad Dilawar Khanji]]
| footnotes =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| birthname = Sheila Irene Pant
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1905|02|13}}
| birth_place = [[Almora]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|Agra and Oudh]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1990|06|13|1905|02|13}}
| death_place = [[Karachi]], [[Sindh Province|Sindh]], [[Pakistan]]
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| citizenship = {{Flag|British India|name= British Indian}} (1905–1947) {{Flag|Pakistan|name= Pakistani}} (1947–1990)
| nationality = [[People of Pakistan|Pakistani]]
| otherparty = 
| spouse = [[Liaqat Ali Khan|Liaquat Ali Khan]] (m. 1932; d. 1951)
| partner = 
| relations =
| children =
| alma_mater = [[University of Lucknow]]
| occupation = Stateswoman
| allegiance = {{PAK}}
| branch = {{army|PAK}}
| serviceyears = 1947–1951
| rank = [[File:US-O7 insignia.svg|15px]] [[File:OF-6 Pakistan Army.svg|15px]] [[Brigadier]] (honorary rank)<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/>
| unit = [[Pakistan Army Medical Corps]]
| commands = [[Pakistan Navy|Naval Woman Reserves Corps]] [[National Guard of Pakistan|Pakistan Woman National Guard]] [[Pakistan Army Medical Corps]]
| battles = [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]]
| awards = {{plainlist|
*[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz]]
*[[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]]
*[[Order of Orange-Nassau]]
}}
| honorific-suffix = [[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI]] [[Order of Merit of the Italian Republic|OMRI]] [[Order of Orange-Nassau|ON(KGC)]]
| honorific-prefix = Māder-e-Pakistan
| term_start = 15 February 1973
| term_end = 28 February 1976
| governor_general =
| term_start2 = 14 August 1947
| term_end2 = 16 October 1951
| order3 = President of [[All Pakistan Women's Association]]
| office3 = 
| term_start3 = 14 August 1949
| term_end3 = 29 October
1951
| office4 = [[Netherlands–Pakistan relations|Pakistan Ambassador to the Netherlands]]
| term_start4 = 1954
| term_end4 = 1961
| office5 = Pakistan Ambassador to [[Italy]] and [[Tunisia]]
| term_start5 = 1965
| term_end5 = 1966
| education = Master in Science (MSc)
}}

'''[[Begum]] Ra'ana Liaqat Ali Khan''' ({{lang-ur|{{nastaliq|رعنا لياقت على خان}}}}, born '''Sheila Irene Pant'''; 13 February 1905 – 13 June 1990)<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=6VIYAAAAIAAJ&q=Ra%27ana+Liaquat+Ali+Khan+February+13,+1905&dq=Ra%27ana+Liaquat+Ali+Khan+February+13,+1905&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHiPDSjJnsAhWLxoUKHSFgCPoQ6AEwAnoECAIQAg Profile of Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan]</ref> was the First Lady of Pakistan from 1947 to 1951 as the wife of [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] who served as the 1st [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]. She was one of the leading woman figures in the [[Pakistan Movement]] along with her husband, and a career economist, and prominent [[politician|stateswoman]] from the [[Cold War (1947–1953)|start]] of the cold war till the fall and the [[Cold War (1962-1991)|end]] of the [[cold war]].<ref name="Jazbah Magazine ">{{Cite web| last =Faisal Abdulla| title =Women of Pakistan: Begum Ra'ana Liaqat Ali Khan| magazine =Jazbah Magazine| url =http://www.jazbah.org/raanak.php| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120717032440/http://www.jazbah.org/raanak.php| archive-date =17 July 2012| df =dmy-all}}

</ref> Ra'anna was one of the leading woman politicians and nationwide respected woman personalities who started her career in the 1940s and witnessed [[History of Pakistan|key major events]] in Pakistan.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> She was one of the leading and pioneering woman figures in the [[Pakistan Movement]] and served as the executive member of Pakistan Movement committee working under [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]].<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> She also served as economic adviser to Jinnah's Pakistan Movement Committee and later became First Lady of Pakistan when her husband Liaqat Khan Ali became Pakistan's first [[Prime minister of Pakistan|prime minister]].<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/> As First Lady of Pakistan, she launched programs for woman's development in the newly founded country. Later, she would start her career as a stateswoman that would last a decade.<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/>

In the 1970s, she joined hands with [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]]'s [[Socialism in Pakistan|political movement]] and joined the [[:Template:Government of Prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto|socialist government]] of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, elected prime minister at that time. She was one of the most trusted and close government and economical advisers to Bhutto and his government, and had played influential role and involved with many key economical decisions taken by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.<ref name="Oxford University Press "/> [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] led the appointment of Ra'ana as the [[Governor of Sindh|Governor]] of [[Sindh Province]], and she took the oath on 15 February 1973. Ra'ana was the first woman Governor of Sindh as well as first [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] of [[University of Karachi]].<ref name="Oxford University Press "/> In 1977, Ra'ana along with Bhutto and his party, and won the [[1977 Pakistani general election|parliamentary elections]] of 1977, but did not take the gubernatorial office due to [[Operation Fair Play|martial law imposed]] by General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]], [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]] of [[Pakistan Army]].<ref name="Oxford University Press "/> Ra'ana went on to work and dedicated her life for the social and economic benefit of women of Pakistan till her death in 1990.<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/> She died in 1990 due to cardiac arrest and was buried in Karachi, with full state and military honours given to her in her funeral.<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/> Because of her services and efforts for medical and woman development and woman empowerment, Ra'ana is commonly known as "''Māder-e-Pakistan''" (English translation: ''Mother of Pakistan'').<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/>

==Biography==

===Early life and education===
Sheila Irene Pant was born in [[Almora]], now in [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]], India, to a Kumaoni Hindu family. She is also known as "Almora'ak chyali " (Almora's Daughter). Her father, Daniel Pant, served in the United Provinces Secretariat. Of [[Kumauni people|Kumaoni]] heritage, the Pant family was a relatively recent convert to Christianity in 1871.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/><ref name="All Pakistan Woman Association ">{{Cite web| last =(APWA) Kumauni people| first =All Pakistan Woman Association| title =APWA Public Press| work =APWA Directorate for Public Services| publisher =All Pakistan Woman Association| url =http://apwapakistan.com/about-us/begum-raana-liaquat-ali-khan| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20111127052316/http://apwapakistan.com/about-us/begum-raana-liaquat-ali-khan| archive-date =27 November 2011| df =dmy-all}}</ref> Pant attended the [[University of Lucknow]], where in 1927 she was awarded a BA degree in Economics and a Bachelor of Theology in [[Religion studies|Religious Studies]]. In 1929, she obtained a double MSc in Economics and Sociology.<ref name="pirbhai">{{cite book |title=Fatima Jinnah |first=M. Reza |last=Pirbhai |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=68 |year=2017 |isbn=9781108131728}}</ref> She began her career as a teacher in the Gokhale Memorial School after completing the Teachers Diploma Course from the [[Diocesan College]], [[Calcutta]].<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> She was appointed as Professor of Economics at [[Indraprastha College]], Delhi, in 1931 and met [[Liaqat Ali Khan]] in the same year when he visited to deliver a lecture on law. The couple married in 1932. At this time, she converted to Islam and took the name Begum Ra'ana Liaqat Ali Khan.<ref name="pirbhai"/> After the reorganisation of the [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]], Begum Ra'ana devoted herself to the task of creating political consciousness amongst the [[Women in Muslim societies|Muslim women]] society of the British Indian Empire. During this time, Ra'anna became an executive member of Jinnah's Working Committee and served there as economical adviser. Her struggle for emancipation and support for Pakistan continued till the creation of Pakistan for Muslims of India in 1947.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/>

==Pakistan Movement==

With her husband, Ra'ana strongly opposed the ''[[Simon Commission]]''.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> While a Professor of Economics, Ra'ana intensely mobilised students from her college and went to the Legislative Assembly to hear her husband's debate carrying placards of "''Simon Go Home''".<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> With Liaquat Ali Khan winning the debate, she became an instant hero with her friends.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> She later sold him a ticket to a stage show to raise funds for flood relief in Bihar.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> Ra'ana proved to be Liaquat Ali Khan's constant partner and companion.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> She became politically involved with her husband and played a major role in the Pakistan Movement.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> She became a defining moment in Pakistan's history when she accompanied her husband to London, United Kingdom in May 1933.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> There, she and Khan met with Jinnah at Hamstead Heath residence, and successfully convinced Jinnah to return to the British Indian Empire to resume the leadership of the All India Muslim League.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> Jinnah returned to India, and Ra'ana was appointed as an executive member of the Muslim League and the Chairperson of the Economic Division of the Party.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/>

In 1942, when it became apparent that [[Imperial Japan]] was near attacking India, Jinnah summoned Ra'ana said to her "''Be prepared to train the women. Islam doesn't want women to be shut up and never see fresh air''".<ref>Life devoted to human welfare, Dawn, Muneeza Shamsie, 11 June 1982</ref> To undertake this task, Ra'ana organised Muslim women in the same year, when she formed a small volunteer medical corps for nursing and first aid in Delhi.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> Begum Ra'ana played an important role in creating political awareness among women. Ra'ana was among the aspiring women in South Asia and encouraged hundreds of women to fight for Pakistan shoulder-to-shoulder with men.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/>

==First Lady==
[[File:Begum Liaquat Ali Meets President of MIT.jpg|thumb|Begum Liaquat Ali Meets President of MIT in 1950, her husband on the far left]]
Ra'ana was the first [[First Lady]] of Pakistan.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> As First Lady, she initiated reforms for woman and child development and social progress of women, and played a major role for women's part in Pakistan's politics.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> After the assassination of her husband [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] in 1951, Begum Ra'ana continued her services for the social and economic benefit of women of [[Pakistan]] till her death in 1990.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> One of the daunting challenges for her was to organise health services for women and children migrating from India to Pakistan.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/>

In 1947, as the refugees poured in from across the border, amidst the most pitiable of conditions with cholera, diarrhoea and smallpox being common sights everywhere, she called upon women to come forward and collect food and medical supplies from government offices.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> The women came forward despite the resistance they faced from certain sections of society, including certain newspapers where they were attacked in the most vicious manner by elements that did not want women to come out from their "''four walls''".<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> She firmly believed that for a society to do justice to itself, it was pertinent that women played their due role in reforming society alongside the men.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/>

During this point in Pakistan's history there weren't many nurses in Karachi, so Begum Liaquat asked the army to train women to give injections and first aid. Women were thus trained in three to six-month courses and as such the para-military forces for women were formed.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> The [[Pakistan Army]] quickly established [[Pakistan Army Medical Corps|Army Medical Corps]] and recruited a large number of women nurses as army nurses.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> During this period, girls were also personally encouraged by Begum Liaquat to take up nursing as a profession. They were also taught the rifle drill, to decode ciphers, typing and a host of other duties so they could be useful in times of national crisis like the refugee crisis of 1947.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/>

===Initiatives for women===
Ra'ana founded [[National Guard of Pakistan|Pakistan Women National Guards (PWNG)]], and helped established the Pakistan Woman Naval Reserves in the [[Pakistan Navy|Navy]], and was appointed as the Chief Controller.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://storyofpakistan.com/begum-raana-liaquat-ali-khan/|title=Begum Raana Liaquat Ali Khan|website=storyofpakistan.com}}</ref><ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament ">{{Cite web

|title = Legend: Ra'ana Liaqat Ali Khan
|work = The Directorate for Electronic Government
|publisher = Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament
|year = 2010
|url = http://www.wpcp.org.pk/wpcp/LegendBegumRanLiaqatAliKhan.aspx
|format = [[aspx]]
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140328220925/http://www.wpcp.org.pk/wpcp/LegendBegumRanLiaqatAliKhan.aspx
|archive-date = 28 March 2014
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref> For her immense services to the military as a civilian, the [[Pakistan Army]] notably appointed her as the first woman [[Brigadier]], and an honorary uniform was issued especially for her.<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/> The Pakistan Woman National Guard was intended to fight for women's rights and aimed to prevent brutal treatment of women, either received from their spouses or caused by domestic violence. At first, the organisation was successful and took strong initiatives in [[West Pakistan|West-Pakistan]] to lower the rate of violence against women, as she was the organisation's president.<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/> But after her husband's death, Ra'ana left Pakistan as she was appointed Pakistan's Ambassador to the Netherlands. Following her departure, the Pakistan Women National Guard was soon disbanded due to financial distress and the government's apathy. However, the Pakistan Woman Naval Reserves still continues as of today where many women joined the Navy through this program.<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/> The program has lasting effects in Pakistan's Armed Forces, and the Army and Air Force later established a Woman Reserves program as part of her vision.<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/>

===Establishment of APWA===
In 1949, Begum Ra'ana arranged a conference of over 100 active women from all over Pakistan. The conference announced the formation of a [[wikt:voluntary|voluntary]] and [[non-political]] organisation for the social, educational and cultural uplift of the women, named [[All Pakistan Women's Association]] (APWA).<ref name="All Pakistan Woman Association "/> She was nominated as its first president and unlike Pakistan Women National Guard, the APWA continued to grow as it continuously fought for women's rights in Pakistan.<ref name="All Pakistan Woman Association "/> For its services, the Government of Pakistan established APWA College in Lahore as part of its struggle.<ref name="All Pakistan Woman Association "/>

== Career as stateswoman ==
[[Image:Begum Liaquat Ali Khan NYC.jpg|thumb|right|Begum Liaquat Ali Khan touring New York's Children's Centre]]

After her husband's death, Ra'ana went on to start her career as a [[politician|stateswoman]] that lasted more than 2 decades.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> In 1952, Ra'ana was the first Muslim woman delegate to the United Nations.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> In 1954, the Government of Pakistan had appointed her as Pakistan's Ambassador to the [[Netherlands]], and also was the first woman ambassador of Pakistan.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> She represented Pakistan in the Netherlands until 1961 and was also the doyen of the [[Diplomatic Corps]].<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> In June 1966, she was appointed as Pakistan's Ambassador to Italy and stayed there until 1965.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> Later, she was directed to Tunisia as Pakistan's Ambassador to Tunisia and held this position until March 1966.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> Following her return to Pakistan, Ra'ana joined [[Rana Liaquat Ali Khan Government College of Home Economics]] as Professor of Economics and stayed there until 1973.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> The [[Government College University, Lahore|Government College University]] awarded her an honorary doctorate in economics and conferred her with a Doctor of Philosophy in Economics in 1967.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/>

===Bhutto's companion===
In 1972, as Pakistan was dismembered and going through an intense crisis, Ra'ana joined hands with then-President [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] and his [[Socialism in Pakistan|political movement]], and joined the [[:Template:Government of Prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto|socialist government]] of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.<ref name="Oxford University Press ">{{Citation
| last =Hassan, PhD.
| first =Mubashir
| author-link = Mubashir Hassan
| title =The Mirate
| place =Oxford, United Kingdom
| publisher =Oxford University Press
| orig-year =2000
| year =2000
| chapter =Building Pakistan with Mother of Pakistan.
| pages =209–309
}}</ref> Ra'ana was part of Bhutto's [[Ministry of Finance (Pakistan)|Ministry of Finance and Economics]] and played a major and influential role in decisions being made concerning economics.<ref name="Oxford University Press "/> Bhutto encouraged her to participate in upcoming elections, and won elections of 1973.<ref name="Oxford University Press "/> Bhutto did not waste time to appoint Ra'ana as [[Governor of Sindh|Governor]] of [[Sindh Province]].<ref name="Oxford University Press "/> Ra'ana was the first woman governor of the province of Sindh and the first Chancellor of Sindh University and Karachi University. She continued her term until 1976 when new elections were held.<ref name="Oxford University Press "/> Ra'ana again contested in the [[1977 Pakistani general election|1977 parliamentary elections]] but did not take the gubernatorial office due to [[Operation Fair Play|martial law imposed]] by General [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]], [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]] of the [[Pakistan Army]].<ref name="Oxford University Press "/> She was one of the personalities that argued against the martial law and against the execution of Bhutto.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> On the day when Bhutto was executed, Ra'ana was reported to be disheartened and emotionally distressed and cried over Bhutto's death for more than three days constantly.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> Ra'ana launched an anti-Zia campaign and fought against the [[Zia regime|military government]] of General Zia-ul-Haq.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> She single-handedly took on Pakistan's most powerful man, General Zia-ul-Haq, at that time.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> It was during the 1980s, when she, despite her illness and old age, publicly attacked the general for passing [[Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization|Islamic laws]] that were contradictory to Islamic teachings and clearly against women. The general, out of respect for her position in society and achievements, decided to leave her alone.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/>

==Death==

Begum Liaquat died on 13 June 1990 and was buried next to her husband in the precincts of the [[Mazar-i-Quaid|Quaid-e-Azam's Mausoleum]].<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> With her has ended a historic period for the women and youth of Pakistan who, in future generations, will no doubt seek inspiration from Begum Liaquat's life and contributions to the emancipation of women.<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/>

==Honors and legacy==

Ra'ana is considered one of the greatest female leaders Pakistan has produced. In Pakistan, she is given the title of "''Mother of Pakistan''", received in 1950.<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/> Ra'ana continues to be seen as a symbol of selfless service to the cause of humanity and uplift of women.<ref name="Women Parliament Caucuses of Pakistan Parliament "/> In recognition of her lifelong struggle for women's rights, she was awarded the [[United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights|United Nations Human Rights Award in 1978]].<ref name="Jazbah Magazine "/> Her many other awards and medals include the Jane Adam's Medal in 1950, Woman of Achievement Medal 1950, Mother of Pakistan in 1950, [[Nishan-i-Imtiaz]] in 1959, Grand Cross of Orange Nassau in 1961 (the Netherlands), International Gimbel Award 1962, Woman of the World in 1965 chosen by the Turkish Women's Association, Ankara, and Vavaliera di Gran Croce in 1966 (Italy).

* [[United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights|United Nation's Human Rights Award]] (1978)
* honorary doctorate in Economics (1967)
* [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic]] (1 March 1966)<ref>{{cite web | title=LIAQUAT ALI KHAN S.E.la Begum Raana | work=Presidenza della Repubblica | publisher=Italian Government | url=http://www.quirinale.it/elementi/DettaglioOnorificenze.aspx?decorato=33729 | language=it | access-date=22 February 2015}}</ref>
* Woman of the World, Turkish Women's Association (1965)
* [[Order of Orange-Nassau|Grand Cross of Orange Nassau]] (1961)
* [[Nishan-i-Imtiaz]] (1951)
* Mother of Pakistan in 1950
* Jane Addams Medal in 1950
* Woman of Achievement Medal 1950

===Eponymous===

*[[Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan, Government College of Home Economics (RLAK CHE), Karachi]] – The economics research institutes of the [[Government College University, Lahore|Government College University]] established in the 1960s in her honour.
*Raana Liaquat Model Colony – a settlement in Karachi named after Ra'ana Liaqat Ali Khan.

==Awards and honours==
*[[Government of Pakistan]] honoured her with the highest military honour [[Nishan-e-Imtiaz]].
*[[Queen Juliana]] of the Netherlands conferred on her the [[Order of Orange-Nassau#Grades|Grand Cross of Orange–Nassau]].
*Recipient of the International Gimbel Award for service to humanity (1962).
*[[United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights]] for her outstanding contribution to the promotion and protection of the human rights embodied in the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] and in other United Nations human rights instruments (1978).

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/photographs/search.php?access=selectbyname&nameid=1222 Pictures of Begum Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan's Visit to the USA]
*[http://www.storyofpakistan.com/person.asp?perid=P082 A Short Biography]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120717032440/http://www.jazbah.org/raanak.php Profile of Begum Ra'na Liaquat Ali Khan]

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{Succession box
|title = [[Governor of Sindh]]
|before = Mir Rasool Bux Talpur
|after = Muhammad Dilawar Khanji
|years = 15 February 1973 – 28 February 1976
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Pakistan Movement}}
{{Government of Prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto}}
{{Governors of Sindh|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Raana Liaquat Ali}}
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