RLV-TD - Revision history

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	* ''[[Gaganyaan]]'', a planned crewed orbital spacecraft by India		* ''[[Gaganyaan]]'', a planned crewed orbital spacecraft by India
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	==References==		==References==

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	{{short description\|Reusable launch vehicle technology demonstrator}}		{{short description\|Reusable launch vehicle technology demonstrator}}
	{{Merge to\|RLV Technology Demonstration Programme\|discuss=Talk:RLV-TD#Request for merger with RLV Technology Programme}}		{{Merge\|date= June 2023 to\|RLV Technology Demonstration Programme\|discuss=Talk:RLV-TD#Request for merger with RLV Technology Programme}}
	{{Infobox rocket		{{Infobox rocket
	\|name = RLV-TD		\|name = RLV-TD
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	==Development history==		==Development history==
	RLV-TD was developed by [[ISRO]] under the [[RLV Technology Demonstration Programme]]. The Technology Demonstration Programme consists of development of [[hypersonic speed\|hypersonic]] [[rocket]] with [[air-breathing engine]]s and the [[reusable launch vehicle]].<ref name="India’s Reusable Launch Vehicle Successfully Flight Tested">{{cite news\|title=India's Reusable Launch Vehicle Successfully Flight Tested\|publisher=[[ISRO]] website\|access-date=23 May 2016\|url=http://www.isro.gov.in/update/23-may-2016/india%E2%80%99s-reusable-launch-vehicle-technology-demonstrator-rlv-td-successfully}}</ref~~><ref name="India Flies Winged Space Plane On Experimental Suborbital Launch"/~~> The RLV-TD is being designed and built at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre. Its navigational equipment was supplied by the ISRO Inertial Systems Unit in Thiruvananthapuram and ISRO's Satellite Applications Centre in Ahmedabad. The RLV-TD's landing gear is supplied by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.		RLV-TD was developed by [[ISRO]] under the [[RLV Technology Demonstration Programme]]. The Technology Demonstration Programme consists of development of [[hypersonic speed\|hypersonic]] [[rocket]] with [[air-breathing engine]]s and the [[reusable launch vehicle]].<ref name="India Flies Winged Space Plane On Experimental Suborbital Launch"/><ref name="India’s Reusable Launch Vehicle Successfully Flight Tested">{{cite news\|title=India's Reusable Launch Vehicle Successfully Flight Tested\|publisher=[[ISRO]] website\|access-date=23 May 2016\|url=http://www.isro.gov.in/update/23-may-2016/india%E2%80%99s-reusable-launch-vehicle-technology-demonstrator-rlv-td-successfully}}</ref> The RLV-TD is being designed and built at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre. Its navigational equipment was supplied by the ISRO Inertial Systems Unit in Thiruvananthapuram and ISRO's Satellite Applications Centre in Ahmedabad. The RLV-TD's landing gear is supplied by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.

	===Engines===		===Engines===
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	RLV-TD was launched mounted on top of a [[Single-stage-to-orbit\|single stage]] [[solid fuel]] [[Booster (rocketry)\|booster]] (HS9 booster), derived from [[strap-on booster]]s flown on India's [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]]. Once the booster consumed its [[solid fuel\|solid]] [[propellant]] in 91 seconds, the RLV-TD separated and peaked to a sub-orbital altitude of about {{convert\|65\|km}}. The [[heat shield]], [[Guidance system\|guidance]], [[navigation]] and [[Aircraft flight control system\|control]] [[algorithm]]s were tested by accurately steering the vehicle during the [[hypersonic speed]] [[Descent (aeronautics)\|descent]] phase. During this phase, the test vehicle was programmed to pitch its nose up, exposing silica tiles on its underside and [[reinforced carbon–carbon]] nose cap to the [[airflow]] into the thick lower layers of the atmosphere. The RLV-TD's [[thermal protection system]] enabled the vehicle to endure high temperatures of descent through the atmosphere.		RLV-TD was launched mounted on top of a [[Single-stage-to-orbit\|single stage]] [[solid fuel]] [[Booster (rocketry)\|booster]] (HS9 booster), derived from [[strap-on booster]]s flown on India's [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]]. Once the booster consumed its [[solid fuel\|solid]] [[propellant]] in 91 seconds, the RLV-TD separated and peaked to a sub-orbital altitude of about {{convert\|65\|km}}. The [[heat shield]], [[Guidance system\|guidance]], [[navigation]] and [[Aircraft flight control system\|control]] [[algorithm]]s were tested by accurately steering the vehicle during the [[hypersonic speed]] [[Descent (aeronautics)\|descent]] phase. During this phase, the test vehicle was programmed to pitch its nose up, exposing silica tiles on its underside and [[reinforced carbon–carbon]] nose cap to the [[airflow]] into the thick lower layers of the atmosphere. The RLV-TD's [[thermal protection system]] enabled the vehicle to endure high temperatures of descent through the atmosphere.

	All stages of the test flight were tracked by ground station at the launch site and a shipborne terminal. All the mission objectives were met and technologies like [[Proximity operations\|autonomous navigation]], [[Guidance system\|guidance]] and [[Aircraft flight control system\|control]], reusable [[thermal protection system]] and descent mission management were successfully validated.<ref name="~~India’s Reusable~~ Launch ~~Vehicle Successfully Flight Tested~~"/><ref name="~~India Flies Winged Space Plane On Experimental Suborbital~~ Launch"/>		All stages of the test flight were tracked by ground station at the launch site and a shipborne terminal. All the mission objectives were met and technologies like [[Proximity operations\|autonomous navigation]], [[Guidance system\|guidance]] and [[Aircraft flight control system\|control]], reusable [[thermal protection system]] and descent mission management were successfully validated.<ref name="India Flies Winged Space Plane On Experimental Suborbital Launch"/><ref name="India’s Reusable Launch Vehicle Successfully Flight Tested"/>

	== Landing experiment ==		== Landing experiment ==

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{{short description|Reusable launch vehicle technology demonstrator}}
{{Merge to|RLV Technology Demonstration Programme|discuss=Talk:RLV-TD#Request for merger with RLV Technology Programme}}
{{Infobox rocket
|name = RLV-TD
|image = RLV-TD HEX01, TDV being hoisted.jpg
|caption = Technology Development Vehicle (TDV) for RLV Technology Demonstration Programme at [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
|function = Technology demonstration vehicle
|manufacturer = [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]]
|country-origin = India
|height = ~{{convert|16|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="MVD">{{Cite web|title = Modeling &Control of Launch Vehicles|url = http://www.sc.iitb.ac.in/~pdsc2014/MVD_talk.pdf|website = www.sc.iitb.ac.in}}</ref>
|alt-height = Length: {{convert|6.5|m|abbr=on}} (Orbiter)
|diameter = {{convert|1|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="MVD"/>
|mass = 12 tonnes (Orbiter 1.75 tonnes)<ref name="Presentation">{{cite web |url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/T25O2kOeVcOL2vRfml0baK/Isros-small-steps-towards-developing-its-own-reusable-rocke.html |title=Tuesday, December 22, Isro's small steps towards developing its own reusable rocket [Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV)] program |work=LIVE MINT, IN |access-date=2015-12-23 }}</ref>
|alt-mass =
|stages = 2<ref name="MVD"/>
|status = Testing prototypes<ref name="FinalTouches2015">{{cite news |title=Navigation satellite system by March|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/navigation-satellite-system-by-march/article7821248.ece}}</ref>
|first = 01:30 UTC, 23 May 2016 <ref name='HEXlaunched'>{{cite news |title=India's First-Ever Indigenous Space Shuttle RLV-TD Launched Successfully|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-all-set-to-launch-its-own-space-shuttle-today-1408943}}</ref>
|sites = [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]]
}}
'''RLV-TD''' or '''Reusable Launch Vehicle Technology Demonstrator''' is India's first [[uncrewed spacecraft|uncrewed]] flying [[testbed]] developed for the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO)'s [[RLV Technology Demonstration Programme|Reusable Launch Vehicle Technology Demonstration Programme]] started in 2012. It is a scaled down [[prototype]] of an eventual [[two-stage-to-orbit]] (TSTO) [[reusable launch vehicle]].

The RLV-TD successfully completed its first atmospheric [[test flight]] on 23 May 2016, which lasted for 770 seconds and reached a maximum altitude of {{convert|65|km}}. It was designed to evaluate various technologies, and development of the final version is expected to take 10 to 15 years.<ref name="ISRO successfully launches Indias first ever indigenous space shuttle">{{cite news|title=ISRO successfully launches Indias first ever indigenous space shuttle|publisher=[[The Economic Times]]|access-date=24 May 2016|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/isro-successfully-launches-indias-first-ever-indigenous-space-shuttle/articleshow/52393846.cms}}</ref>
Landing experiment (RLV-LEX) from a height of 4.5 kms was successfully completed on 2 April 2023.<ref name="isro.gov.in">{{Cite web |title=Reusable Launch Vehicle Autonomous Landing Mission (RLV LEX) |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Reusable_launch_vehicle_autonomous_landing_mission.html |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref>
The fully developed RLV is expected to take off vertically like a [[rocket]], deploy a [[satellite]] in [[orbit]], return to Earth, and land on a [[runway]].<ref name="India Flies Winged Space Plane On Experimental Suborbital Launch">{{cite news|title=India Flies Winged Space Plane On Experimental Suborbital Launch|publisher=spaceflightnow.com|access-date=24 May 2016|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2016/05/23/india-flies-winged-space-plane-on-experimental-suborbital-launch/}}</ref>

==Development history==
RLV-TD was developed by [[ISRO]] under the [[RLV Technology Demonstration Programme]]. The Technology Demonstration Programme consists of development of [[hypersonic speed|hypersonic]] [[rocket]] with [[air-breathing engine]]s and the [[reusable launch vehicle]].<ref name="India’s Reusable Launch Vehicle Successfully Flight Tested">{{cite news|title=India's Reusable Launch Vehicle Successfully Flight Tested|publisher=[[ISRO]] website|access-date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.isro.gov.in/update/23-may-2016/india%E2%80%99s-reusable-launch-vehicle-technology-demonstrator-rlv-td-successfully}}</ref><ref name="India Flies Winged Space Plane On Experimental Suborbital Launch"/> The RLV-TD is being designed and built at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre. Its navigational equipment was supplied by the ISRO Inertial Systems Unit in Thiruvananthapuram and ISRO's Satellite Applications Centre in Ahmedabad. The RLV-TD's landing gear is supplied by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.

===Engines===
In January 2006, ISRO completed the design, development and tests of [[Scramjet]] ([[Ramjet|supersonic ramjet]]) at its [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. During the ground tests, stable supersonic combustion with an inlet [[Mach number]] 6 was demonstrated for 7 seconds.

On 3 March 2010, ISRO successfully conducted the [[flight test]] of its new sounding rocket ATV-D01 from [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] in [[Sriharikota]]. ATV-D01 weighed 3 tonnes at lift-off and was the heaviest sounding rocket ever developed by ISRO at the time. It was mounted with a passive [[Scramjet]] engine. The [[rocket]] flew for 7 seconds, achieved [[Mach number]] 6 + 0.5 and dynamic pressure 80 + 35 [[kPa]].<ref name="Flight testing of advanced sounding rocket">{{cite news|title=Flight testing of advanced sounding rocket|publisher=[[ISRO]] website|access-date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.isro.gov.in/update/03-mar-2010/successful-flight-testing-of-advanced-sounding-rocket}}</ref>

===Reusable launch vehicle===
[[File:RLV-TD HEX01 at First Launch Pad of Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota (SDSC SHAR) before launch 03.jpg|thumb|253x253px|RLV-TD HEX01|left]]
In January 2012, the design of [[ISRO]]'s [[reusable launch vehicle]] was approved by the "National Review Committee" and clearance was granted to build the vehicle. The vehicle was named "Reusable Launch Vehicle-Technology Demonstrator" (RLV-TD).<ref name="Launch vehicle approved">{{cite news|title=Launch vehicle approved|publisher=[[Daily News and Analysis|DNA India]]|access-date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-isro-s-design-of-reusable-launch-vehicle-approved-1633779}}</ref> ISRO aims to bring down the cost of [[payload]] delivery to [[low Earth orbit]] by 80% from existing $20,000/kg to $4,000/kg.<ref name="Make In India Gets Wings With Successful Launch Of Swadeshi Space Shuttle">{{cite news|title=Make In India Gets Wings With Successful Launch Of Swadeshi Space Shuttle|publisher=[[The Free Press Journal]]|access-date=24 May 2016|url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/make-in-india-gets-wings-with-successful-launch-of-swadeshi-space-shuttle/856065}}</ref><ref name="India Just Launched A Mini Space Shuttle">{{cite news| title=India Just Launched A Mini Space Shuttle|publisher=sciencealert.com|access-date=24 May 2016| url=http://www.sciencealert.com/india-just-launched-a-mini-space-shuttle}}</ref><ref name="Breakthrough in Supersonic combustion technology">{{cite news|title=Breakthrough in Supersonic combustion technology|publisher=[[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]] website|access-date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.vssc.gov.in/VSSC_V4/index.php/2006/79-press-release-articles/631-isro-supersonic-combustion-tech}}</ref>

The RLV-TD was developed with an objective to test various aspects such as [[hypersonic flight]], [[autoland]], powered [[cruise flight]], hypersonic flight using the [[air-breathing engine]] [[propulsion]] and "Hypersonic Experiment". A series of four RLV-TD test flights are planned by ISRO:<ref name="Launch vehicle approved"/><ref name="Demonstration program">{{cite news|title=Demonstration program|publisher=[[ISRO]] website|access-date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.isro.gov.in/technology-development-programmes/reusable-launch-vehicle-technology-demonstration-program-rlv-td}}</ref><ref name="Low cost access">{{cite news|title=Low cost access|publisher=bharat-rakshak.com|access-date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/media/33219-5/IMG_0024.JPG}}</ref> HEX (Hypersonic Flight Experiment), LEX (Landing Experiment), REX (Return Flight Experiment), and SPEX (Scramjet Propulsion Experiment).

A team of 750 engineers at Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, [[National Aeronautical Laboratory]], and [[Indian Institute of Science]] worked on the design and development of RLV-TD and the associated rocket. RLV-TD underwent 120 hours of [[wind tunnel]], 5,000 hours of [[computational fluid dynamics]] and 1,100 runs of [[flight simulation]] tests. RLV-TD has mass of 1.75 tonnes, [[wingspan]] of 3.6 meters and overall length of 6.5 meters (excluding the rocket). The vehicle had 600 heat-resistant tiles on its undercarriage and it features [[delta wing]]s and angled [[Vertical stabilizer|tail fins]].<ref name="India Flies Winged Space Plane On Experimental Suborbital Launch"/><ref name="ISRO's Reusable Launch Vehicle What Happened And What Next">{{cite news|title=ISRO's Reusable Launch Vehicle What Happened And What Next|publisher=thewire.in|access-date=24 May 2016|url=http://thewire.in/2016/05/24/isros-reusable-launch-vehicle-what-happened-and-what-next-38312/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525122822/http://thewire.in/2016/05/24/isros-reusable-launch-vehicle-what-happened-and-what-next-38312/|archive-date=25 May 2016}}</ref> Total cost of the project was {{INRConvert|95|c|1|no|to=USD|year=2016}}.<ref name="VSSC to find new skies">{{cite news|title=VSSC to find new skies|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=24 May 2016|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/VSSC-to-find-new-skies-through-RLV-TD-launch/2016/05/18/article3438189.ece}}</ref><ref name="India's own space shuttle launched successfully">{{cite news|title=India's own space shuttle launched successfully|publisher=[[The Hindustan Times]]|access-date=24 May 2016|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/india-s-very-own-space-shuttle-launched-successfully-by-isro/story-53k4Yr6sdfxzj7BS9vEUSO.html}}</ref> Future planned developments include testing an air-breathing propulsion system, which aims to capitalise on the oxygen in the atmosphere instead of liquefied oxygen while in flight.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thebetterindia.com/56310/indian-space-research-organization-rlv-air-breathing-propulsion-system/|title=ISRO to Test Rocket That Uses Oxygen Directly from the Atmosphere to Fuel Itself|language=en-US|access-date=2016-07-07}}</ref>

==Hypersonic Flight Experiment==
[[File:Launch of RLV-TD HEX01 from First Launch Pad of Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota (SDSC SHAR) 03.jpg|thumb|250x250px|HEX01 maiden launch from [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre First Launch Pad]] on 23 May 2016]]
{{main|Hypersonic Flight Experiment}}
The [[Hypersonic Flight Experiment]] (HEX), first of the five test flights was conducted on 23 May 2016. The [[sub-orbital spaceflight|Sub-orbital]] test flight was launched at 07:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] (01:30 [[GMT]]) from [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre]] in [[Sriharikota]] ({{convert|80|km}} north of [[Chennai]]). The test flight lasted for 773.6 seconds,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yadav|first1=Sandeep|last2=Jayakumar|first2=M.|last3=Nizin|first3=Aziya|last4=Kesavabrahmaji|first4=K.|last5=Shyam Mohan|first5=N.|title=Final Phase Flight Performance and Touchdown Time Assessment of TDV in RLV-TD HEX-01 Mission|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-017-0403-9|journal=Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series C|language=en|volume=98|issue=6|pages=679–688|doi=10.1007/s40032-017-0403-9|s2cid=115904439|issn=2250-0553}}</ref> reached maximum altitude of {{convert|65|km}}, [[atmospheric entry]] speed of Mach 5 and covered a distance of {{convert|450|km}} [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|Sriharikota]], steered itself to an on-target splashdown to land ([[ditching|ditch]]) at a designated spot in the [[Bay of Bengal]]. Not designed to float, the vehicle disintegrated on impact with water and was not recovered.<ref name="India’s Reusable Launch Vehicle Successfully Flight Tested"/>

RLV-TD was launched mounted on top of a [[Single-stage-to-orbit|single stage]] [[solid fuel]] [[Booster (rocketry)|booster]] (HS9 booster), derived from [[strap-on booster]]s flown on India's [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]]. Once the booster consumed its [[solid fuel|solid]] [[propellant]] in 91 seconds, the RLV-TD separated and peaked to a sub-orbital altitude of about {{convert|65|km}}. The [[heat shield]], [[Guidance system|guidance]], [[navigation]] and [[Aircraft flight control system|control]] [[algorithm]]s were tested by accurately steering the vehicle during the [[hypersonic speed]] [[Descent (aeronautics)|descent]] phase. During this phase, the test vehicle was programmed to pitch its nose up, exposing silica tiles on its underside and [[reinforced carbon–carbon]] nose cap to the [[airflow]] into the thick lower layers of the atmosphere. The RLV-TD's [[thermal protection system]] enabled the vehicle to endure high temperatures of descent through the atmosphere.

All stages of the test flight were tracked by ground station at the launch site and a shipborne terminal. All the mission objectives were met and technologies like [[Proximity operations|autonomous navigation]], [[Guidance system|guidance]] and [[Aircraft flight control system|control]], reusable [[thermal protection system]] and descent mission management were successfully validated.<ref name="India’s Reusable Launch Vehicle Successfully Flight Tested"/><ref name="India Flies Winged Space Plane On Experimental Suborbital Launch"/>

== Landing experiment ==
{{Main|RLV-LEX}}
On 2 April 2023, ISRO successfully conducted the [[Landing Experiment (LEX)|Reusable Launch Vehicle Autonomous Landing Mission]] (RLV-LEX) at the [[Chitradurga Aeronautical Test Range|Aeronautical Test Range (ATR), Chitradurga]], Karnataka. The RLV took off at 07:10 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] by a [[Boeing CH-47 Chinook]] helicopter of the [[Indian Air Force]] as an underslung load and flew to an altitude of 4.5 km. Once the predetermined parameters were attained the RLV was released in mid-air at a down range of 4.6 km. The release of RLV was autonomous after which it performed approach and landing maneuvers using the Integrated Navigation Guidance & Control system and completed an autonomous landing on the ATR airstrip at 07:40 IST.<ref name="isro.gov.in"/>

==Future developments==
In other experiments, ISRO intends to carry out an orbital re-entry experiment ('''OREX''') and a Scramjet Propulsion Experiment ('''SPEX''') using a reusable carrier vehicle.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/like-space-x-isro-too-working-on-reusable-rocket-stages/articleshow/62825904.cms|title=Like Space X, Isro too working on reusable rocket stages - Times of India |work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-08-10}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=ISRO to test reusable launch vehicle soon |work=The New Indian Express |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2018/aug/10/isro-to-test-reusable-launch-vehicle-soon-1855699.html |access-date=2018-08-10}}</ref> ISRO Chief K. Sivan stated that the agency had many experiments planned for the RLV-TD, but would only focus on them from 2019, as it was occupied with other missions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Isro plans orbital re-entry test for re-usable vehicle - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-plans-orbital-re-entry-test-for-re-usable-vehicle/articleshow/63863869.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=8 June 2018}}</ref>

==Timeline==
* '''HEX''' ([[Hypersonic Flight Experiment]]): Completed on 23 May 2016.<ref>[https://www.isro.gov.in/update/23-may-2016/india%E2%80%99s-reusable-launch-vehicle-technology-demonstrator-rlv-td-successfully India’s Reusable Launch Vehicle-Technology Demonstrator (RLV-TD), Successfully Flight Tested]. 23 May 2016. ISRO.</ref>
* '''LEX''' ([[RLV-LEX|Landing Experiment]]): Completed on 2 April 2023<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pibphoto.nic.in/documents/rlink/2019/jan/p201911802.pdf|title=Department of Space presentation on 18 Jan 2019|access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="AstrotalkUK">{{Cite web |title=Episode 90 – An update on ISRO's activities with S Somanath and R Umamaheshwaran |url=https://astrotalkuk.org/episode-90-an-update-on-isros-activities-with-s-somanath-and-r-umamaheshwaran/ |access-date=October 30, 2019 |publisher=AstrotalkUK}}</ref>
* '''OREX''' (Orbital Return Flight Experiment): [[TBA]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/update/01-jan-2019/message-chairmans-desk|title=Message from Chairman's desk - ISRO|website=www.isro.gov.in|access-date=2019-01-03|quote=We have commenced the next phase of Reusable Launch Vehicle technology development towards an Orbital Recovery Experiment.}}</ref>
* '''SPEX''' (Scramjet Propulsion Experiment): [[TBA]]

==See also==

* ''[[Gaganyaan]]'', a planned crewed orbital spacecraft by India
*[[Avatar (spacecraft)]]
{{Portal bar|India|Spaceflight|Technology|Space}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==

*[https://www.isro.gov.in/technology-development-programmes/reusable-launch-vehicle-technology-demonstration-program-rlv-td Reusable Launch Vehicle - Technology Demonstration Program (RLV-TD)]
*[https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/rlv-td RLV-TD HEX01]

{{Reusable launch systems}}
{{Indian space programme}}

[[Category:Space programme of India]]
[[Category:Indian Space Research Organisation]]
[[Category:Science and technology in India]]