RIMS Warren Hastings - Revision history

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slightly update details for clarity

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← Older revision		Revision as of 22:56, 23 June 2022
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	{{Short description\|Royal Indian Marine troopship}}		{{Short description\|Royal Indian Marine troopship}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=January ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2018}}
	{{Use British English\|date=January ~~2022~~}}		{{Use British English\|date=January 2018}}
	{{good article}}		{{good article}}
	{\|{{Infobox ship begin \|display title=RIMS ''Warren Hastings''}}		{\|{{Infobox ship begin \|display title=RIMS ''Warren Hastings''}}
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	==Features==		==Features==
	''Warren Hastings'' was completed by the [[Barrow Shipbuilding Company]] in 1893. [[Sir Edward Reed]] oversaw the design and construction, and she was named by [[Lady Agnes Burne]]. She was launched on 18 April of that year. Contemporary media claimed her to be "practically unsinkable" because of her 33 watertight compartments.<ref name="lancaster">{{Cite news\| title = Launch of an Indian Troopship at Barrow\| newspaper= Lancaster Gazette\| date = 22 April 1893\| access-date = 2015-08-18\| url = http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000488/18930422/025/0006\|via= [[British Newspaper Archive]]\|url-access=subscription \|page=6 col B\|issue=6380}}</ref> The launch was accompanied by a luncheon where several distinguished persons were present. The ship was {{convert\|330\|ft\|m\|abbr=on}} long, with a beam of {{convert\|49\|ft\|3\|in\|m\|abbr=on}}, and {{convert\|36\|ft\|9\|in\|m\|abbr=on}} [[moulded depth]]. She displaced around {{convert\|5,000\|LT\|MT}}, was propelled by two triple-expansion engines capable of producing {{convert\|3500\|hp}}, which were supplied by eight boilers, and had a coal capacity of {{convert\|700\|LT\|MT}}. She attained a maximum speed of {{convert\|18\|knots}}.<ref name="lancaster"/><ref name="features">{{cite web\|url=http://www.britishempire.co.uk/forces/armyunits/britishinfantry/krrchastings.htm\|title=British Empire: Armed Forces: Units: British Infantry: The King's Royal Rifle Corps\|work=britishempire.co.uk\|access-date=11 December ~~2022~~}}</ref>		''Warren Hastings'' was completed by the [[Barrow Shipbuilding Company]] in 1893. [[Sir Edward Reed]] oversaw the design and construction, and she was named by [[Lady Agnes Burne]]. She was launched on 18 April of that year. Contemporary media claimed her to be "practically unsinkable" because of her 33 watertight compartments.<ref name="lancaster">{{Cite news\| title = Launch of an Indian Troopship at Barrow\| newspaper= Lancaster Gazette\| date = 22 April 1893\| access-date = 2015-08-18\| url = http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000488/18930422/025/0006\|via= [[British Newspaper Archive]]\|url-access=subscription \|page=6 col B\|issue=6380}}</ref> The launch was accompanied by a luncheon where several distinguished persons were present. The ship was {{convert\|330\|ft\|m\|abbr=on}} long, with a beam of {{convert\|49\|ft\|3\|in\|m\|abbr=on}}, and {{convert\|36\|ft\|9\|in\|m\|abbr=on}} [[moulded depth]]. She displaced around {{convert\|5,000\|LT\|MT}}, was propelled by two triple-expansion engines capable of producing {{convert\|3500\|hp}}, which were supplied by eight boilers, and had a coal capacity of {{convert\|700\|LT\|MT}}. She attained a maximum speed of {{convert\|18\|knots}}.<ref name="lancaster"/><ref name="features">{{cite web\|url=http://www.britishempire.co.uk/forces/armyunits/britishinfantry/krrchastings.htm\|title=British Empire: Armed Forces: Units: British Infantry: The King's Royal Rifle Corps\|work=britishempire.co.uk\|access-date=11 December 2014}}</ref>

	The hull of the ship was [[steel]], and the woodwork [[teak tree\|teak]], so that she would be fit for tropical environments. She was outfitted with six [[quick firing gun]]s, six [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss\|three pounder gun]]s, and four five barreled guns. The ship's internal spaces had electric lights.<ref name="lancaster"/>		The hull of the ship was [[steel]], and the woodwork [[teak tree\|teak]], so that she would be fit for tropical environments. She was outfitted with six [[quick firing gun]]s, six [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss\|three pounder gun]]s, and four five barreled guns. The ship's internal spaces had electric lights.<ref name="lancaster"/>
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	==Final voyage==		==Final voyage==
	===Background===		===Background===
	On 20 November 1896, the 1st Battalion of the [[King's Royal Rifle Corps]], stationed at [[Jullundur]], was ordered to go to [[Mauritius]]. The battalion set sail on 30 November 1896. They passed through [[Deolali]], and boarded ''Warren Hastings'' in [[Bombay]]. The ship, captained by [[Gerald Edward Holland]], left Bombay on 10 December. The ship was to stop in Cape Town, and continue to Mauritius from there. After a brief stop for coaling in [[Seychelles]], the ship arrived in Cape Town on 28 December.<ref name="mauritius">{{cite web\|url=http://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/mauritius.htm\|title=British Empire: Indian Ocean: Mauritius\|work=britishempire.co.uk\|access-date=11 December ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref name="honour">{{cite web\|url=http://www.roll-of-honour.com/Huntingdonshire/WaymanWilliam.html\|title=Roll of Honour – Huntingdonshire – William Wayman – Boer War\|publisher=\|access-date=17 December ~~2022~~}}</ref>		On 20 November 1896, the 1st Battalion of the [[King's Royal Rifle Corps]], stationed at [[Jullundur]], was ordered to go to [[Mauritius]]. The battalion set sail on 30 November 1896. They passed through [[Deolali]], and boarded ''Warren Hastings'' in [[Bombay]]. The ship, captained by [[Gerald Edward Holland]], left Bombay on 10 December. The ship was to stop in Cape Town, and continue to Mauritius from there. After a brief stop for coaling in [[Seychelles]], the ship arrived in Cape Town on 28 December.<ref name="mauritius">{{cite web\|url=http://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/mauritius.htm\|title=British Empire: Indian Ocean: Mauritius\|work=britishempire.co.uk\|access-date=11 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="honour">{{cite web\|url=http://www.roll-of-honour.com/Huntingdonshire/WaymanWilliam.html\|title=Roll of Honour – Huntingdonshire – William Wayman – Boer War\|publisher=\|access-date=17 December 2014}}</ref>

	===Wreck===		===Wreck===
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	On 6 January 1897, ''Warren Hastings'' departed from Cape Town, bound for Mauritius. On board were 526 members of the King's Royal Rifle Corps, 510 members of the 2nd York and Lancaster Regiment, and 25 members of the 2nd Middlesex Regiment, including two officers, 20 women, 10 children, and 253 crew members, totaling 1,244 people.<ref name="mauritius"/>		On 6 January 1897, ''Warren Hastings'' departed from Cape Town, bound for Mauritius. On board were 526 members of the King's Royal Rifle Corps, 510 members of the 2nd York and Lancaster Regiment, and 25 members of the 2nd Middlesex Regiment, including two officers, 20 women, 10 children, and 253 crew members, totaling 1,244 people.<ref name="mauritius"/>

	On 13 January, the ship steamed into heavy rain and thick fog. At 02:20 on 14 January, ''Warren Hastings'' struck a rock off the coast of Réunion. At the time of impact, the ship was traveling at a speed of {{convert\|12.5\|knots}}, and had veered {{convert\|8\|miles}} off course.<ref name="honour"/><ref name="rgj">{{cite web\|url=http://www.rgjmuseum.co.uk/pages_photo/photo_0002.asp\|title=The Green Jackets Museum Photos – Wreck of RIMS Warren Hastings\|work=rgjmuseum.co.uk\|access-date=11 December ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref name="India1919">{{cite book\|author=United Service Institution of India\|title=Journal of the United Service Institution of India\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsS6sh79W78C\|year=1919\|page=316}}</ref> The wreck itself was caused by the decreased visibility resulting from the foul weather, and by a "magnetic disturbance", which caused the compass to malfunction.<ref name="observer">{{Cite news\| title = The Wreck of the Warren Hastings \| newspaper= Hastings and St Leonards Observer\| date = 1 February 1947\| access-date = 2015-08-18\| url = http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000293/19470201/094/0004\| via= [[British Newspaper Archive]]\|page= 4 col E\|url-access=subscription \|issue=6560}}</ref>		On 13 January, the ship steamed into heavy rain and thick fog. At 02:20 on 14 January, ''Warren Hastings'' struck a rock off the coast of Réunion. At the time of impact, the ship was traveling at a speed of {{convert\|12.5\|knots}}, and had veered {{convert\|8\|miles}} off course.<ref name="honour"/><ref name="rgj">{{cite web\|url=http://www.rgjmuseum.co.uk/pages_photo/photo_0002.asp\|title=The Green Jackets Museum Photos – Wreck of RIMS Warren Hastings\|work=rgjmuseum.co.uk\|access-date=11 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="India1919">{{cite book\|author=United Service Institution of India\|title=Journal of the United Service Institution of India\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsS6sh79W78C\|year=1919\|page=316}}</ref> The wreck itself was caused by the decreased visibility resulting from the foul weather, and by a "magnetic disturbance", which caused the compass to malfunction.<ref name="observer">{{Cite news\| title = The Wreck of the Warren Hastings \| newspaper= Hastings and St Leonards Observer\| date = 1 February 1947\| access-date = 2015-08-18\| url = http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000293/19470201/094/0004\| via= [[British Newspaper Archive]]\|page= 4 col E\|url-access=subscription \|issue=6560}}</ref>

	[[Frederick Forestier-Walker\|Lieutenant-Colonel Forestier-Walker]] went to the bridge and asked Captain Holland for orders. The possibility of landing the troops and crew on the rocks was considered, and at 03:25, the captain sent two officers, Lieutenants Dobbin and Windham, over the bow on ropes to inspect the safety of the rocks, equipped with [[Blue light (pyrotechnic signal)\|blue lights]]. The lieutenants determined that the rocks were safe, and Captain Holland ordered the evacuation of the ship to begin at 04:00; the men began climbing down the rope ladders. Originally, the captain wanted to keep the women and children on board until daylight, when it would be safer to evacuate them, but the ship started to list severely at 04:20, and it was decided that the evacuation should continue without delay. The electrical systems on the ship failed at 04:35, after which the evacuation was forced to continue in complete darkness. Around 05:00, the better swimmers were permitted to jump overboard and swim to shore on their own; the shore was around {{convert\|30\|yd\|m}} away. A member of the Rifle Corps, Private N. McNamara, strung a line between the ship and the shore, and heavier ropes were subsequently set up. The remaining men could go down the rope, making the evacuation safer. The ship was completely evacuated by 05:30. Two people died during the evacuation.<ref name="mauritius"/><ref name="honour"/><ref name="rgj"/><ref name="Hare">{{cite book\|author=Major-Gen. Sir Steuart Hare\|title=Annals of the King's Royal Rifle Corps: Vol 4 "The K.R.R.C." 1872–1913\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3m-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA166\|date=4 January 2013\|publisher=Andrews UK Limited\|isbn=978-1-78151-021-6\|pages=166–181\|authorlink=Steuart Hare}}</ref>		[[Frederick Forestier-Walker\|Lieutenant-Colonel Forestier-Walker]] went to the bridge and asked Captain Holland for orders. The possibility of landing the troops and crew on the rocks was considered, and at 03:25, the captain sent two officers, Lieutenants Dobbin and Windham, over the bow on ropes to inspect the safety of the rocks, equipped with [[Blue light (pyrotechnic signal)\|blue lights]]. The lieutenants determined that the rocks were safe, and Captain Holland ordered the evacuation of the ship to begin at 04:00; the men began climbing down the rope ladders. Originally, the captain wanted to keep the women and children on board until daylight, when it would be safer to evacuate them, but the ship started to list severely at 04:20, and it was decided that the evacuation should continue without delay. The electrical systems on the ship failed at 04:35, after which the evacuation was forced to continue in complete darkness. Around 05:00, the better swimmers were permitted to jump overboard and swim to shore on their own; the shore was around {{convert\|30\|yd\|m}} away. A member of the Rifle Corps, Private N. McNamara, strung a line between the ship and the shore, and heavier ropes were subsequently set up. The remaining men could go down the rope, making the evacuation safer. The ship was completely evacuated by 05:30. Two people died during the evacuation.<ref name="mauritius"/><ref name="honour"/><ref name="rgj"/><ref name="Hare">{{cite book\|author=Major-Gen. Sir Steuart Hare\|title=Annals of the King's Royal Rifle Corps: Vol 4 "The K.R.R.C." 1872–1913\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3m-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA166\|date=4 January 2013\|publisher=Andrews UK Limited\|isbn=978-1-78151-021-6\|pages=166–181\|authorlink=Steuart Hare}}</ref>

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{{Short description|Royal Indian Marine troopship}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2022}}
{{good article}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin |display title=RIMS ''Warren Hastings''}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=RIMS Warren Hastings sketch.JPG
|Ship image size=250px
|Ship caption=A sketch depicting the wreck of the RIMS ''Warren Hastings'', published by the ''[[Dundee Courier]]'' on 24 March 1897.<ref name="brit_TheW">{{Cite news
| title = The Wreck Of The Warren Hastings At St Philippe.
|via=[[British Newspaper Archive]]
|url-access=subscription | newspaper= [[Dundee Courier]]
|page= 5 col E
| date = 24 March 1897
| access-date = 2015-08-18
| url = http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000162/18970324/052/0005
| issue= 13646
}}</ref>

}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=
|Ship flag={{navy|United Kingdom}}
|Ship name=''Warren Hastings''
|Ship namesake=
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=[[Barrow Shipbuilding Company]]
|Ship laid down=
|Ship launched=18 April 1893
|Ship completed=1893
|Ship commissioned=
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship honours=
|Ship fate=Hit a rock and was wrecked on 14 January 1897
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship type=[[Troopship]]
|Ship displacement= {{convert|5000|LT|MT}}
|Ship length= {{convert|330|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam= {{convert|49|ft|3|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught=
|Ship power=
|Ship propulsion=Eight boilers and two triple-expansion engines
|Ship speed= {{convert|18|kn|lk=in}}
|Ship range=
|Ship complement=
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=Six [[quick firing gun]]s, six [[three pounder gun]]s, and four five barreled guns
|Ship armour=
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
'''RIMS ''Warren Hastings''''' was a [[Royal Indian Marine]] [[troopship]] built by the [[Barrow Shipbuilding Company]]. She was launched on 18 April 1893, and claimed to be "practically unsinkable" because of her 33 watertight compartments. However, whilst in service the ship struck a rock and was wrecked off the coast of [[Réunion]] on the night of 14 January 1897, while travelling to [[Mauritius]] from [[Cape Town]]. The wreck resulted in two deaths.

==Features==
''Warren Hastings'' was completed by the [[Barrow Shipbuilding Company]] in 1893. [[Sir Edward Reed]] oversaw the design and construction, and she was named by [[Lady Agnes Burne]]. She was launched on 18 April of that year. Contemporary media claimed her to be "practically unsinkable" because of her 33 watertight compartments.<ref name="lancaster">{{Cite news| title = Launch of an Indian Troopship at Barrow| newspaper= Lancaster Gazette| date = 22 April 1893| access-date = 2015-08-18| url = http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000488/18930422/025/0006|via= [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription |page=6 col B|issue=6380}}</ref> The launch was accompanied by a luncheon where several distinguished persons were present. The ship was {{convert|330|ft|m|abbr=on}} long, with a beam of {{convert|49|ft|3|in|m|abbr=on}}, and {{convert|36|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on}} [[moulded depth]]. She displaced around {{convert|5,000|LT|MT}}, was propelled by two triple-expansion engines capable of producing {{convert|3500|hp}}, which were supplied by eight boilers, and had a coal capacity of {{convert|700|LT|MT}}. She attained a maximum speed of {{convert|18|knots}}.<ref name="lancaster"/><ref name="features">{{cite web|url=http://www.britishempire.co.uk/forces/armyunits/britishinfantry/krrchastings.htm|title=British Empire: Armed Forces: Units: British Infantry: The King's Royal Rifle Corps|work=britishempire.co.uk|access-date=11 December 2022}}</ref>

The hull of the ship was [[steel]], and the woodwork [[teak tree|teak]], so that she would be fit for tropical environments. She was outfitted with six [[quick firing gun]]s, six [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss|three pounder gun]]s, and four five barreled guns. The ship's internal spaces had electric lights.<ref name="lancaster"/>

==Final voyage==
===Background===
On 20 November 1896, the 1st Battalion of the [[King's Royal Rifle Corps]], stationed at [[Jullundur]], was ordered to go to [[Mauritius]]. The battalion set sail on 30 November 1896. They passed through [[Deolali]], and boarded ''Warren Hastings'' in [[Bombay]]. The ship, captained by [[Gerald Edward Holland]], left Bombay on 10 December. The ship was to stop in Cape Town, and continue to Mauritius from there. After a brief stop for coaling in [[Seychelles]], the ship arrived in Cape Town on 28 December.<ref name="mauritius">{{cite web|url=http://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/mauritius.htm|title=British Empire: Indian Ocean: Mauritius|work=britishempire.co.uk|access-date=11 December 2022}}</ref><ref name="honour">{{cite web|url=http://www.roll-of-honour.com/Huntingdonshire/WaymanWilliam.html|title=Roll of Honour – Huntingdonshire – William Wayman – Boer War|publisher=|access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref>

===Wreck===
[[File:Reunion in France.svg|thumb|Location of Réunion]]
[[File:RIMS Warren Hastings (11245005025).jpg|thumb|RIMS ''Warren Hastings'' ashore Saint-Philippe, Réunion Island]]
On 6 January 1897, ''Warren Hastings'' departed from Cape Town, bound for Mauritius. On board were 526 members of the King's Royal Rifle Corps, 510 members of the 2nd York and Lancaster Regiment, and 25 members of the 2nd Middlesex Regiment, including two officers, 20 women, 10 children, and 253 crew members, totaling 1,244 people.<ref name="mauritius"/>

On 13 January, the ship steamed into heavy rain and thick fog. At 02:20 on 14 January, ''Warren Hastings'' struck a rock off the coast of Réunion. At the time of impact, the ship was traveling at a speed of {{convert|12.5|knots}}, and had veered {{convert|8|miles}} off course.<ref name="honour"/><ref name="rgj">{{cite web|url=http://www.rgjmuseum.co.uk/pages_photo/photo_0002.asp|title=The Green Jackets Museum Photos – Wreck of RIMS Warren Hastings|work=rgjmuseum.co.uk|access-date=11 December 2022}}</ref><ref name="India1919">{{cite book|author=United Service Institution of India|title=Journal of the United Service Institution of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YsS6sh79W78C|year=1919|page=316}}</ref> The wreck itself was caused by the decreased visibility resulting from the foul weather, and by a "magnetic disturbance", which caused the compass to malfunction.<ref name="observer">{{Cite news| title = The Wreck of the Warren Hastings | newspaper= Hastings and St Leonards Observer| date = 1 February 1947| access-date = 2015-08-18| url = http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000293/19470201/094/0004| via= [[British Newspaper Archive]]|page= 4 col E|url-access=subscription |issue=6560}}</ref>

[[Frederick Forestier-Walker|Lieutenant-Colonel Forestier-Walker]] went to the bridge and asked Captain Holland for orders. The possibility of landing the troops and crew on the rocks was considered, and at 03:25, the captain sent two officers, Lieutenants Dobbin and Windham, over the bow on ropes to inspect the safety of the rocks, equipped with [[Blue light (pyrotechnic signal)|blue lights]]. The lieutenants determined that the rocks were safe, and Captain Holland ordered the evacuation of the ship to begin at 04:00; the men began climbing down the rope ladders. Originally, the captain wanted to keep the women and children on board until daylight, when it would be safer to evacuate them, but the ship started to list severely at 04:20, and it was decided that the evacuation should continue without delay. The electrical systems on the ship failed at 04:35, after which the evacuation was forced to continue in complete darkness. Around 05:00, the better swimmers were permitted to jump overboard and swim to shore on their own; the shore was around {{convert|30|yd|m}} away. A member of the Rifle Corps, Private N. McNamara, strung a line between the ship and the shore, and heavier ropes were subsequently set up. The remaining men could go down the rope, making the evacuation safer. The ship was completely evacuated by 05:30. Two people died during the evacuation.<ref name="mauritius"/><ref name="honour"/><ref name="rgj"/><ref name="Hare">{{cite book|author=Major-Gen. Sir Steuart Hare|title=Annals of the King's Royal Rifle Corps: Vol 4 "The K.R.R.C." 1872–1913|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3m-BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA166|date=4 January 2013|publisher=Andrews UK Limited|isbn=978-1-78151-021-6|pages=166–181|authorlink=Steuart Hare}}</ref>

===Aftermath===
Soon after the wreck, when the rain had subsided, Captain Holland sent members of the Rifle Corps and the York and Lancaster Regiment to retrieve some baggage from the ship, which was stuck on the rocks and had not sunk. The operation was called off at 10:00, when First Lieutenant St. John decided that the wreck was too dangerous. The baggage that had been recovered was taken to shore.<ref name="honour"/><ref name="Hare"/>

After this, the troops went to the nearby village of [[Saint-Philippe]], where they stayed overnight and received assistance from the townspeople. Captain Holland contacted C. W. Bennett, the British Consul at [[Saint-Denis, Réunion|Saint-Denis]], and they secured passage to Mauritius on the [[SS Lalpoora|SS ''Lalpoora'']], located at [[Pointe des Galets]]. After brief stops in [[Saint-Joseph, Réunion|Saint-Joseph]] and St. Pierre, the troops were transported to Pointe des Galets by train. The ''Lalpoora'' left Réunion on the mid-afternoon of 17 January, and they arrived in Mauritius early the next morning. The officers of ''Warren Hastings'' were praised for the discipline and bravery of the troops involved in the evacuation. However, Captain Holland had to face a court martial for losing the ship; he was reprimanded and subsequently acquitted.<ref name="mauritius"/><ref name="honour"/><ref name="observer"/><ref name="Hare"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{1897 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Warren Hastings}}
[[Category:Ships of the Royal Indian Navy]]
[[Category:1893 ships]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks in the Indian Ocean]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1897]]
[[Category:Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness]]