R. Marthanda Varma - Revision history

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			{{Short description\|Indian neurosurgeon (died 2015)}}
	{{about\|an Indian neurosurgeon\|other uses\|Marthanda Varma (disambiguation)}}		{{about\|an Indian neurosurgeon\|other uses\|Marthanda Varma (disambiguation)}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=September 2017}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=September 2017}}
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	\| awards = [[Padma Shri]]<br />[[Rajyotsava Prashasti]]<br />IASSMD Distinguished Achievement Award<br />Citizen Extraordinary of [[Bangalore]] Award<br />[[Visvesvaraya\|Sir Visvesvaraya]] Award		\| awards = [[Padma Shri]]<br />[[Rajyotsava Prashasti]]<br />IASSMD Distinguished Achievement Award<br />Citizen Extraordinary of [[Bangalore]] Award<br />[[Visvesvaraya\|Sir Visvesvaraya]] Award
	}}		}}
	'''Ravivarma Marthanda Varma''' was an Indian neurosurgeon, one of the pioneers of Indian neurosurgery and the founder director of the [[National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences]] (NIMHANS).<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma">{{cite web \| url=http://nimhans.ac.in/nimhans/past-directors \| title=Dr. R Martanda Varma \| publisher=NIMHANS \| date=2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015}}</ref> He was the originator of a new surgical procedure for treating [[Parkinson's disease]]<ref name="Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Volume 1">{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cnF-2KCeR1sC&q=%22varma%27s+technique%22+parkinson%27s&pg=PA168 \| title=Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Volume 1 \| publisher=Springer \| date=2015 \| access-date=3 June 2015 \|author1=Andres M. Lozano \|author2=Philip L. Gildenberg \|author3=Ronald R. Taske \| isbn=9783540699590 }}</ref> which later came to be known as ''Varma's Technique''.<ref name="Man over mind">{{cite web \| url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/03/27/stories/2003032701110200.htm \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030507060535/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/03/27/stories/2003032701110200.htm \| url-status=dead \| archive-date=7 May 2003 \| title=Man over mind \| date=27 March 2003 \| work=[[The Hindu]] \| access-date=3 June 2015}}</ref> He was a former Deputy Director General of Health Services, [[Government of India]] and an honorary surgeon to [[R. Venkataraman]], former president of India.<ref name="R Marthanda Varma, Founder Director of NIMHANS, Dies at 93">{{cite web \| url=http://www.mangalorean.com/bengaluru-dr-r-marthanda-varma-founder-director-of-nimhans-dies-at-93/ \| title=R Marthanda Varma, Founder Director of NIMHANS, Dies at 93 \| publisher=Mangalorean \| date=12 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015}}</ref> He was honoured by the [[Government of India]] in 1972 with [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest Indian civilian award.<ref name="Padma Shri">{{cite web \| url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf \| title=Padma Shri \| publisher=Padma Shri \| date=2015 \| access-date=11 November 2014}}</ref>		'''Ravivarma Marthanda Varma''' was an Indian neurosurgeon, one of the pioneers of Indian neurosurgery and the founder director of the [[National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences]] (NIMHANS).<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma">{{cite web \| url=http://nimhans.ac.in/nimhans/past-directors \| title=Dr. R Martanda Varma \| publisher=NIMHANS \| date=2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015 \| archive-date=15 May 2015 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150515170406/http://nimhans.ac.in/nimhans/past-directors \| url-status=dead }}</ref> He was the originator of a new surgical procedure for treating [[Parkinson's disease]]<ref name="Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Volume 1">{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cnF-2KCeR1sC&q=%22varma%27s+technique%22+parkinson%27s&pg=PA168 \| title=Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Volume 1 \| publisher=Springer \| date=2015 \| access-date=3 June 2015 \|author1=Andres M. Lozano \|author2=Philip L. Gildenberg \|author3=Ronald R. Taske \| isbn=9783540699590 }}</ref> which later came to be known as ''Varma's Technique''.<ref name="Man over mind">{{cite web \| url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/03/27/stories/2003032701110200.htm \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030507060535/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/03/27/stories/2003032701110200.htm \| url-status=dead \| archive-date=7 May 2003 \| title=Man over mind \| date=27 March 2003 \| work=[[The Hindu]] \| access-date=3 June 2015}}</ref> He was a former Deputy Director General of Health Services, [[Government of India]] and an honorary surgeon to [[R. Venkataraman]], former president of India.<ref name="R Marthanda Varma, Founder Director of NIMHANS, Dies at 93">{{cite web \| url=http://www.mangalorean.com/bengaluru-dr-r-marthanda-varma-founder-director-of-nimhans-dies-at-93/ \| title=R Marthanda Varma, Founder Director of NIMHANS, Dies at 93 \| publisher=Mangalorean \| date=12 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015}}</ref> He was honoured by the [[Government of India]] in 1972 with [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest Indian civilian award.<ref name="Padma Shri">{{cite web \| url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf \| title=Padma Shri \| publisher=Padma Shri \| date=2015 \| access-date=11 November 2014 \| archive-date=17 November 2017 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117004138/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf \| url-status=dead }}</ref>

	==Biography==		==Biography==
	Marthanda Varma was born in the Royal family of [[Mavelikkara]]<ref name="Padmashree Dr Raja Marthanda Varma Passed Away">{{cite web \| url=http://www.evartha.in/english/2015/03/10/padmashri-dr-raja-martanda-varma-passesd-away.html \| title=Padmashree Dr Raja Marthanda Varma Passed Away \| publisher=E Varta \| date=10 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015 \| archive-date=12 September 2017 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912060115/http://www.evartha.in/english/2015/03/10/padmashri-dr-raja-martanda-varma-passesd-away.html \| url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Renowned Neurosurgeon R Marthanda Varma Dies at 93 in Bengaluru">{{cite web \| url=http://www.ndtv.com/bangalore-news/renowned-neurosurgeon-r-marthanda-varma-dies-at-93-in-bengaluru-745612 \| title=Renowned Neurosurgeon R Marthanda Varma Dies at 93 in Bengaluru \| publisher=ND TV \| date=11 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015}}</ref> which had close family connections with the [[Travancore royal family]], his mother, Aswathynaal Kutty Amma Thampuran, was the sister of the then [[Maharani]] of [[Travancore]].<ref name="The Third Princess">{{cite web \| url=https://inorite.wordpress.com/2010/07/19/the-third-princess/ \| title=The Third Princess \| publisher=Inorite \| date=2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015}}</ref> After graduating in medicine, he did master's course at the [[University of Bristol]]<ref name="Dr R M Varma">{{cite web \| url=http://talent-kerala.net/previous/2003/jul/2.htm \| title=Dr R M Varma \| publisher=Talent Kerala \| date=28 June 2002 \| access-date=2 June 2015}}</ref> and completed the Fellowship of the [[Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh]], becoming one of the first five neurosurgeons of India.<ref name="Padmashree Dr Raja Marthanda Varma Passed Away" /><ref name="Renowned neurosurgeon Varma dies">{{cite news \| url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/renowned-neurosurgeon-varma-dies-115031001354_1.html \| title=Renowned neurosurgeon Varma dies \| newspaper=Business Standard India \| publisher=Business Standard \| date=10 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015\| agency=Press Trust of India }}</ref> He returned to India in 1958 and joined the All India Institute of Mental Health (AIIMH), a mental hospital based in Bangalore, Karnataka.<ref name="Padmashree Dr Raja Marthanda Varma Passed Away" /> as the professor of neurosurgery.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> He became the director of the institution in 1969 and held the post until 1974.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" />		Marthanda Varma was born in the Royal family of [[Mavelikkara]]<ref name="Padmashree Dr Raja Marthanda Varma Passed Away">{{cite web \| url=http://www.evartha.in/english/2015/03/10/padmashri-dr-raja-martanda-varma-passesd-away.html \| title=Padmashree Dr Raja Marthanda Varma Passed Away \| publisher=E Varta \| date=10 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015 \| archive-date=12 September 2017 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912060115/http://www.evartha.in/english/2015/03/10/padmashri-dr-raja-martanda-varma-passesd-away.html \| url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Renowned Neurosurgeon R Marthanda Varma Dies at 93 in Bengaluru">{{cite web \| url=http://www.ndtv.com/bangalore-news/renowned-neurosurgeon-r-marthanda-varma-dies-at-93-in-bengaluru-745612 \| title=Renowned Neurosurgeon R Marthanda Varma Dies at 93 in Bengaluru \| publisher=ND TV \| date=11 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015}}</ref> which had close family connections with the [[Travancore royal family]], his mother, Aswathynaal Kutty Amma Thampuran, was the sister of the then [[Maharani]] of [[Travancore]].<ref name="The Third Princess">{{cite web \| url=https://inorite.wordpress.com/2010/07/19/the-third-princess/ \| title=The Third Princess \| publisher=Inorite \| date=2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015}}</ref> After graduating in medicine, he did master's course at the [[University of Bristol]]<ref name="Dr R M Varma">{{cite web \| url=http://talent-kerala.net/previous/2003/jul/2.htm \| title=Dr R M Varma \| publisher=Talent Kerala \| date=28 June 2002 \| access-date=2 June 2015}}</ref> and completed the Fellowship of the [[Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh]], becoming one of the first five neurosurgeons of India.<ref name="Padmashree Dr Raja Marthanda Varma Passed Away" /><ref name="Renowned neurosurgeon Varma dies">{{cite news \| url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/renowned-neurosurgeon-varma-dies-115031001354_1.html \| title=Renowned neurosurgeon Varma dies \| newspaper=Business Standard India \| publisher=Business Standard \| date=10 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015\| agency=Press Trust of India }}</ref> He returned to India in 1958 and joined the All India Institute of Mental Health (AIIMH), a mental hospital based in Bangalore, Karnataka.<ref name="Padmashree Dr Raja Marthanda Varma Passed Away" /> as the professor of neurosurgery.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> He became the director of the institution in 1969 and held the post until 1974.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" />

	When the All India Institute of Mental Health was reconstituted as the [[National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences]] with the participation from the state and central governments in 1974, Varma was chosen as its founder director, a post he retained until 1977.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> In 1977, he was appointed as the deputy director of Health Services by the [[Government of India]] for a one-year term.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> He returned to NIMHANS in 1978 and served as the director until his superannuation in 1979.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> He also served as the dean of the faculty of mental health and neurosciences of [[Bangalore University]], as the advisor to the government of India on mental health and neurosurgery and as the honorary surgeon to [[R. Venkataraman]], former ~~President~~ of India.<ref name="R Marthanda Varma, Founder Director of NIMHANS, Dies at 93" />		When the All India Institute of Mental Health was reconstituted as the [[National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences]] with the participation from the state and central governments in 1974, Varma was chosen as its founder director, a post he retained until 1977.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> In 1977, he was appointed as the deputy director of Health Services by the [[Government of India]] for a one-year term.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> He returned to NIMHANS in 1978 and served as the director until his superannuation in 1979.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> He also served as the dean of the faculty of mental health and neurosciences of [[Bangalore University]], as the advisor to the government of India on mental health and neurosurgery and as the honorary surgeon to [[R. Venkataraman]], former president of India.<ref name="R Marthanda Varma, Founder Director of NIMHANS, Dies at 93" />

	Varma was credited with research on [[Parkinson's disease]] and was known to have developed a minimally invasive technique for the control of the disease, the procedure now known as ''Varma's Technique''.<ref name="Dr R M Varma" /> The procedure, first introduced in 1963 by Varma, involved accessing the subthaamic nucleaus in brain through foramen ovale using syringes<ref name="Movement Disorders in India">{{cite journal \| url=http://www.acnr.co.uk/may_june_08/ACNRMJ08_movement.pdf \| title=Movement Disorders in India \| author=UdayMuthane \| journal=Advances in Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation \| date=May 2008 \| volume=8 \| issue=2 \| pages=22–23 \| access-date=3 June 2015 \| archive-date=4 March 2016 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112730/http://www.acnr.co.uk/may_june_08/ACNRMJ08_movement.pdf \| url-status=dead }}</ref> with the whole procedure lasting less than 20 minutes.<ref name="NIMHANS Founder Director Varma No More" /> He presented a paper on the technique at the international conference of Neurosurgeons at [[Copenhagen]] in 1965.<ref name="Dr R M Varma" /> He presented more than 40 medical papers in medical conferences and was credited with the publication<ref name="Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Volume 1" /> of over 20 articles.<ref name="Man over mind" />		Varma was credited with research on [[Parkinson's disease]] and was known to have developed a minimally invasive technique for the control of the disease, the procedure now known as ''Varma's Technique''.<ref name="Dr R M Varma" /> The procedure, first introduced in 1963 by Varma, involved accessing the subthaamic nucleaus in brain through foramen ovale using syringes<ref name="Movement Disorders in India">{{cite journal \| url=http://www.acnr.co.uk/may_june_08/ACNRMJ08_movement.pdf \| title=Movement Disorders in India \| author=UdayMuthane \| journal=Advances in Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation \| date=May 2008 \| volume=8 \| issue=2 \| pages=22–23 \| access-date=3 June 2015 \| archive-date=4 March 2016 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112730/http://www.acnr.co.uk/may_june_08/ACNRMJ08_movement.pdf \| url-status=dead }}</ref> with the whole procedure lasting less than 20 minutes.<ref name="NIMHANS Founder Director Varma No More" /> He presented a paper on the technique at the international conference of Neurosurgeons at [[Copenhagen]] in 1965.<ref name="Dr R M Varma" /> He presented more than 40 medical papers in medical conferences and was credited with the publication<ref name="Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Volume 1" /> of over 20 articles.<ref name="Man over mind" />

	Marthanda Varma was married to Malathi, a lecturer at APS college and the couple had two sons.<ref name="NIMHANS Founder Director Varma No More">{{cite web \| url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/NIMHANS-Founder-Director-Varma-No-More/2015/03/11/article2707966.ece \| title=NIMHANS Founder Director Varma No More \| publisher=Indian Express \| date=11 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015}}</ref> The elder is Ravi Gopal Varma, also a neurosurgeon and the younger is Shashi Gopal Varma. He died on 10 March 2015 at [[M. S. Ramaiah]] Memorial Hospital, Bangalore, at the age of 93,<ref name="Dr R Marthanda Varma passes away">{{cite web \| url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/news/latest-news/dr-r-marthanda-varma-passes-away-159193.html \| title=Dr R Marthanda Varma passes away \| publisher=Mathrubhumi \| date=10 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015 \| archive-date=11 March 2015 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311014901/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/news/latest-news/dr-r-marthanda-varma-passes-away-159193.html \| url-status=dead }}</ref> succumbing to age related illnesses.<ref name="NIMHANS' founder Dr. R Marthanda Varma passes away">{{cite web \| url=http://www.thegulfindian.net/nimhans-founder-dr-r-marthanda-varma-passes-away/ \| title=NIMHANS' founder Dr. R Marthanda Varma passes away \| publisher=The Gulf Indian \| date=22 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015}}</ref><ref name="Dr R Marthanda Varma, Pioneer in Neuroscience, Passed Away">{{cite web \| url=http://www.medindia.net/news/dr-r-marthanda-varma-pioneer-in-neuroscience-passed-away-147276-1.htm \| title=Dr R Marthanda Varma, Pioneer in Neuroscience, Passed Away \| publisher=Med India \| date=11 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015}}</ref>		Marthanda Varma was married to Malathi, a lecturer at APS college and the couple had two sons.<ref name="NIMHANS Founder Director Varma No More">{{cite web \| url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/NIMHANS-Founder-Director-Varma-No-More/2015/03/11/article2707966.ece \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127140331/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/NIMHANS-Founder-Director-Varma-No-More/2015/03/11/article2707966.ece \| url-status=dead \| archive-date=27 November 2015 \| title=NIMHANS Founder Director Varma No More \| publisher=Indian Express \| date=11 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015}}</ref> The elder is Ravi Gopal Varma, also a neurosurgeon and the younger is Shashi Gopal Varma. He died on 10 March 2015 at [[M. S. Ramaiah]] Memorial Hospital, Bangalore, at the age of 93,<ref name="Dr R Marthanda Varma passes away">{{cite web \| url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/news/latest-news/dr-r-marthanda-varma-passes-away-159193.html \| title=Dr R Marthanda Varma passes away \| publisher=Mathrubhumi \| date=10 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015 \| archive-date=11 March 2015 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311014901/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/news/latest-news/dr-r-marthanda-varma-passes-away-159193.html \| url-status=dead }}</ref> succumbing to age related illnesses.<ref name="NIMHANS' founder Dr. R Marthanda Varma passes away">{{cite web \| url=http://www.thegulfindian.net/nimhans-founder-dr-r-marthanda-varma-passes-away/ \| title=NIMHANS' founder Dr. R Marthanda Varma passes away \| publisher=The Gulf Indian \| date=22 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015 }}{{Dead link\|date=November 2023 \|bot=InternetArchiveBot \|fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Dr R Marthanda Varma, Pioneer in Neuroscience, Passed Away">{{cite web \| url=http://www.medindia.net/news/dr-r-marthanda-varma-pioneer-in-neuroscience-passed-away-147276-1.htm \| title=Dr R Marthanda Varma, Pioneer in Neuroscience, Passed Away \| publisher=Med India \| date=11 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015}}</ref>

	Varma also mentored many private hospitals in Bangalore, such as [[Mallige Medical Centre]], [[Manipal Hospital]], and MS Ramaiah Hospital. He was also an independent director at [[Mallige Medical Centre]].<ref name="ROC">{{cite web \| url=http://www.mca.gov.in/mcafoportal/showdirectorMasterData.do \| title=View Director Master Data DIN:00886787 \| publisher=Ministry of Corporate Affairs \| access-date=2 June 2017}}</ref>		Varma also mentored many private hospitals in Bangalore, such as [[Mallige Medical Centre]], [[Manipal Hospital]], and MS Ramaiah Hospital. He was also an independent director at [[Mallige Medical Centre]].<ref name="ROC">{{cite web \| url=http://www.mca.gov.in/mcafoportal/showdirectorMasterData.do \| title=View Director Master Data DIN:00886787 \| publisher=Ministry of Corporate Affairs \| access-date=2 June 2017 \| archive-date=18 May 2021 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518091101/http://www.mca.gov.in/mcafoportal/showdirectorMasterData.do \| url-status=dead }}</ref>

	Varma, an elected fellow of the [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]],<ref name="List of Fellows - NAMS">{{cite web \| url=http://www.nams-india.in/downloads/fellowsmembers/ZZ.pdf \| title=List of Fellows - NAMS \| publisher=National Academy of Medical Sciences \| date=2016 \| access-date=19 March 2016}}</ref> received the [[Rajyotsava Prashasti]] from the government of [[Karnataka]] in 1969.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> The [[Government of India]] awarded him the civilian honour of [[Padma Shri]] in 1972<ref name="Padma Shri" /> and he received the Distinguished Achievement Award from the World Congress of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Mental Deficiency (IASSMD) in 1982.<ref name="Man over mind" /> He was also a recipient of the Citizen Extraordinary of Bangalore Award in 1967<ref name="Man over mind" /> and the [[Visvesvaraya\|Sir Visvesvaraya]] Award in 1998.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> The Neurological Society of Bangalore has instituted an annual oration award in his honour.<ref name="Man over mind" /> He remained the Professor Emeritus of NIMHANS after his retirement until his death.<ref name="Man over mind" /> He is also a recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award of Madras Neuro Trust.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.madrasneurotrust.org/lifetime-achivement.html \|title=Madras Neuro Trust \|access-date=16 August 2020 \|archive-date=7 September 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907203315/http://www.madrasneurotrust.org/lifetime-achivement.html \|url-status=dead }}</ref>		Varma, an elected fellow of the [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]],<ref name="List of Fellows - NAMS">{{cite web \| url=http://www.nams-india.in/downloads/fellowsmembers/ZZ.pdf \| title=List of Fellows - NAMS \| publisher=National Academy of Medical Sciences \| date=2016 \| access-date=19 March 2016}}</ref> received the [[Rajyotsava Prashasti]] from the government of [[Karnataka]] in 1969.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> The [[Government of India]] awarded him the civilian honour of [[Padma Shri]] in 1972<ref name="Padma Shri" /> and he received the Distinguished Achievement Award from the World Congress of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Mental Deficiency (IASSMD) in 1982.<ref name="Man over mind" /> He was also a recipient of the Citizen Extraordinary of Bangalore Award in 1967<ref name="Man over mind" /> and the [[Visvesvaraya\|Sir Visvesvaraya]] Award in 1998.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> The Neurological Society of Bangalore has instituted an annual oration award in his honour.<ref name="Man over mind" /> He remained the Professor Emeritus of NIMHANS after his retirement until his death.<ref name="Man over mind" /> He is also a recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award of Madras Neuro Trust.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.madrasneurotrust.org/lifetime-achivement.html \|title=Madras Neuro Trust \|access-date=16 August 2020 \|archive-date=7 September 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907203315/http://www.madrasneurotrust.org/lifetime-achivement.html \|url-status=dead }}</ref>
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	[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Medical Sciences]]		[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Medical Sciences]]
	[[Category:Medical doctors from Kerala]]		[[Category:Medical doctors from Kerala]]
	[[Category:Bangalore University ~~faculty~~]]		[[Category:Academic staff of Bangalore University]]
	[[Category:20th-century Indian ~~medical doctors]]~~		[[Category:20th-century Indian surgeons]]
	~~[[Category:20th-century~~ surgeons]]

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← Older revision		Revision as of 15:01, 21 August 2022
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	{{about\|an Indian neurosurgeon\|other uses\|Marthanda Varma (disambiguation)}}		{{about\|an Indian neurosurgeon\|other uses\|Marthanda Varma (disambiguation)}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=September ~~2022~~}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=September 2017}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=September ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2017}}
	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| name = R. Marthanda Varma		\| name = R. Marthanda Varma
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	\| awards = [[Padma Shri]]<br />[[Rajyotsava Prashasti]]<br />IASSMD Distinguished Achievement Award<br />Citizen Extraordinary of [[Bangalore]] Award<br />[[Visvesvaraya\|Sir Visvesvaraya]] Award		\| awards = [[Padma Shri]]<br />[[Rajyotsava Prashasti]]<br />IASSMD Distinguished Achievement Award<br />Citizen Extraordinary of [[Bangalore]] Award<br />[[Visvesvaraya\|Sir Visvesvaraya]] Award
	}}		}}
	'''Ravivarma Marthanda Varma''' was an Indian neurosurgeon, one of the pioneers of Indian neurosurgery and the founder director of the [[National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences]] (NIMHANS).<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma">{{cite web \| url=http://nimhans.ac.in/nimhans/past-directors \| title=Dr. R Martanda Varma \| publisher=NIMHANS \| date=2015 \| access-date=2 June ~~2022~~}}</ref> He was the originator of a new surgical procedure for treating [[Parkinson's disease]]<ref name="Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Volume 1">{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cnF-2KCeR1sC&q=%22varma%27s+technique%22+parkinson%27s&pg=PA168 \| title=Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Volume 1 \| publisher=Springer \| date=2015 \| access-date=3 June 2015 \|author1=Andres M. Lozano \|author2=Philip L. Gildenberg \|author3=Ronald R. Taske \| isbn=9783540699590 }}</ref> which later came to be known as ''Varma's Technique''.<ref name="Man over mind">{{cite web \| url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/03/27/stories/2003032701110200.htm \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030507060535/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/03/27/stories/2003032701110200.htm \| url-status=dead \| archive-date=7 May 2003 \| title=Man over mind \| date=27 March 2003 \| work=[[The Hindu]] \| access-date=3 June ~~2022~~}}</ref> He was a former Deputy Director General of Health Services, [[Government of India]] and an honorary surgeon to [[R. Venkataraman]], former president of India.<ref name="R Marthanda Varma, Founder Director of NIMHANS, Dies at 93">{{cite web \| url=http://www.mangalorean.com/bengaluru-dr-r-marthanda-varma-founder-director-of-nimhans-dies-at-93/ \| title=R Marthanda Varma, Founder Director of NIMHANS, Dies at 93 \| publisher=Mangalorean \| date=12 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June ~~2022~~}}</ref> He was honoured by the [[Government of India]] in 1972 with [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest Indian civilian award.<ref name="Padma Shri">{{cite web \| url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf \| title=Padma Shri \| publisher=Padma Shri \| date=2015 \| access-date=11 November ~~2022~~}}</ref>		'''Ravivarma Marthanda Varma''' was an Indian neurosurgeon, one of the pioneers of Indian neurosurgery and the founder director of the [[National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences]] (NIMHANS).<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma">{{cite web \| url=http://nimhans.ac.in/nimhans/past-directors \| title=Dr. R Martanda Varma \| publisher=NIMHANS \| date=2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015}}</ref> He was the originator of a new surgical procedure for treating [[Parkinson's disease]]<ref name="Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Volume 1">{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cnF-2KCeR1sC&q=%22varma%27s+technique%22+parkinson%27s&pg=PA168 \| title=Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Volume 1 \| publisher=Springer \| date=2015 \| access-date=3 June 2015 \|author1=Andres M. Lozano \|author2=Philip L. Gildenberg \|author3=Ronald R. Taske \| isbn=9783540699590 }}</ref> which later came to be known as ''Varma's Technique''.<ref name="Man over mind">{{cite web \| url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/03/27/stories/2003032701110200.htm \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030507060535/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/03/27/stories/2003032701110200.htm \| url-status=dead \| archive-date=7 May 2003 \| title=Man over mind \| date=27 March 2003 \| work=[[The Hindu]] \| access-date=3 June 2015}}</ref> He was a former Deputy Director General of Health Services, [[Government of India]] and an honorary surgeon to [[R. Venkataraman]], former president of India.<ref name="R Marthanda Varma, Founder Director of NIMHANS, Dies at 93">{{cite web \| url=http://www.mangalorean.com/bengaluru-dr-r-marthanda-varma-founder-director-of-nimhans-dies-at-93/ \| title=R Marthanda Varma, Founder Director of NIMHANS, Dies at 93 \| publisher=Mangalorean \| date=12 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015}}</ref> He was honoured by the [[Government of India]] in 1972 with [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest Indian civilian award.<ref name="Padma Shri">{{cite web \| url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf \| title=Padma Shri \| publisher=Padma Shri \| date=2015 \| access-date=11 November 2014}}</ref>

	==Biography==		==Biography==
	Marthanda Varma was born in the Royal family of [[Mavelikkara]]<ref name="Padmashree Dr Raja Marthanda Varma Passed Away">{{cite web \| url=http://www.evartha.in/english/2015/03/10/padmashri-dr-raja-martanda-varma-passesd-away.html \| title=Padmashree Dr Raja Marthanda Varma Passed Away \| publisher=E Varta \| date=10 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015 \| archive-date=12 September 2017 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912060115/http://www.evartha.in/english/2015/03/10/padmashri-dr-raja-martanda-varma-passesd-away.html \| url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Renowned Neurosurgeon R Marthanda Varma Dies at 93 in Bengaluru">{{cite web \| url=http://www.ndtv.com/bangalore-news/renowned-neurosurgeon-r-marthanda-varma-dies-at-93-in-bengaluru-745612 \| title=Renowned Neurosurgeon R Marthanda Varma Dies at 93 in Bengaluru \| publisher=ND TV \| date=11 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June ~~2022~~}}</ref> which had close family connections with the [[Travancore royal family]], his mother, Aswathynaal Kutty Amma Thampuran, was the sister of the then [[Maharani]] of [[Travancore]].<ref name="The Third Princess">{{cite web \| url=https://inorite.wordpress.com/2010/07/19/the-third-princess/ \| title=The Third Princess \| publisher=Inorite \| date=2015 \| access-date=2 June ~~2022~~}}</ref> After graduating in medicine, he did master's course at the [[University of Bristol]]<ref name="Dr R M Varma">{{cite web \| url=http://talent-kerala.net/previous/2003/jul/2.htm \| title=Dr R M Varma \| publisher=Talent Kerala \| date=28 June 2002 \| access-date=2 June ~~2022~~}}</ref> and completed the Fellowship of the [[Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh]], becoming one of the first five neurosurgeons of India.<ref name="Padmashree Dr Raja Marthanda Varma Passed Away" /><ref name="Renowned neurosurgeon Varma dies">{{cite news \| url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/renowned-neurosurgeon-varma-dies-115031001354_1.html \| title=Renowned neurosurgeon Varma dies \| newspaper=Business Standard India \| publisher=Business Standard \| date=10 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015\| agency=Press Trust of India }}</ref> He returned to India in 1958 and joined the All India Institute of Mental Health (AIIMH), a mental hospital based in Bangalore, Karnataka.<ref name="Padmashree Dr Raja Marthanda Varma Passed Away" /> as the professor of neurosurgery.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> He became the director of the institution in 1969 and held the post until 1974.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" />		Marthanda Varma was born in the Royal family of [[Mavelikkara]]<ref name="Padmashree Dr Raja Marthanda Varma Passed Away">{{cite web \| url=http://www.evartha.in/english/2015/03/10/padmashri-dr-raja-martanda-varma-passesd-away.html \| title=Padmashree Dr Raja Marthanda Varma Passed Away \| publisher=E Varta \| date=10 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015 \| archive-date=12 September 2017 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912060115/http://www.evartha.in/english/2015/03/10/padmashri-dr-raja-martanda-varma-passesd-away.html \| url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Renowned Neurosurgeon R Marthanda Varma Dies at 93 in Bengaluru">{{cite web \| url=http://www.ndtv.com/bangalore-news/renowned-neurosurgeon-r-marthanda-varma-dies-at-93-in-bengaluru-745612 \| title=Renowned Neurosurgeon R Marthanda Varma Dies at 93 in Bengaluru \| publisher=ND TV \| date=11 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015}}</ref> which had close family connections with the [[Travancore royal family]], his mother, Aswathynaal Kutty Amma Thampuran, was the sister of the then [[Maharani]] of [[Travancore]].<ref name="The Third Princess">{{cite web \| url=https://inorite.wordpress.com/2010/07/19/the-third-princess/ \| title=The Third Princess \| publisher=Inorite \| date=2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015}}</ref> After graduating in medicine, he did master's course at the [[University of Bristol]]<ref name="Dr R M Varma">{{cite web \| url=http://talent-kerala.net/previous/2003/jul/2.htm \| title=Dr R M Varma \| publisher=Talent Kerala \| date=28 June 2002 \| access-date=2 June 2015}}</ref> and completed the Fellowship of the [[Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh]], becoming one of the first five neurosurgeons of India.<ref name="Padmashree Dr Raja Marthanda Varma Passed Away" /><ref name="Renowned neurosurgeon Varma dies">{{cite news \| url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/renowned-neurosurgeon-varma-dies-115031001354_1.html \| title=Renowned neurosurgeon Varma dies \| newspaper=Business Standard India \| publisher=Business Standard \| date=10 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015\| agency=Press Trust of India }}</ref> He returned to India in 1958 and joined the All India Institute of Mental Health (AIIMH), a mental hospital based in Bangalore, Karnataka.<ref name="Padmashree Dr Raja Marthanda Varma Passed Away" /> as the professor of neurosurgery.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> He became the director of the institution in 1969 and held the post until 1974.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" />

	When the All India Institute of Mental Health was reconstituted as the [[National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences]] with the participation from the state and central governments in 1974, Varma was chosen as its founder director, a post he retained until 1977.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> In 1977, he was appointed as the deputy director of Health Services by the [[Government of India]] for a one-year term.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> He returned to NIMHANS in 1978 and served as the director until his superannuation in 1979.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> He also served as the dean of the faculty of mental health and neurosciences of [[Bangalore University]], as the advisor to the government of India on mental health and neurosurgery and as the honorary surgeon to [[R. Venkataraman]], former President of India.<ref name="R Marthanda Varma, Founder Director of NIMHANS, Dies at 93" />		When the All India Institute of Mental Health was reconstituted as the [[National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences]] with the participation from the state and central governments in 1974, Varma was chosen as its founder director, a post he retained until 1977.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> In 1977, he was appointed as the deputy director of Health Services by the [[Government of India]] for a one-year term.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> He returned to NIMHANS in 1978 and served as the director until his superannuation in 1979.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> He also served as the dean of the faculty of mental health and neurosciences of [[Bangalore University]], as the advisor to the government of India on mental health and neurosurgery and as the honorary surgeon to [[R. Venkataraman]], former President of India.<ref name="R Marthanda Varma, Founder Director of NIMHANS, Dies at 93" />
Line 33:		Line 33:
	Varma was credited with research on [[Parkinson's disease]] and was known to have developed a minimally invasive technique for the control of the disease, the procedure now known as ''Varma's Technique''.<ref name="Dr R M Varma" /> The procedure, first introduced in 1963 by Varma, involved accessing the subthaamic nucleaus in brain through foramen ovale using syringes<ref name="Movement Disorders in India">{{cite journal \| url=http://www.acnr.co.uk/may_june_08/ACNRMJ08_movement.pdf \| title=Movement Disorders in India \| author=UdayMuthane \| journal=Advances in Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation \| date=May 2008 \| volume=8 \| issue=2 \| pages=22–23 \| access-date=3 June 2015 \| archive-date=4 March 2016 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112730/http://www.acnr.co.uk/may_june_08/ACNRMJ08_movement.pdf \| url-status=dead }}</ref> with the whole procedure lasting less than 20 minutes.<ref name="NIMHANS Founder Director Varma No More" /> He presented a paper on the technique at the international conference of Neurosurgeons at [[Copenhagen]] in 1965.<ref name="Dr R M Varma" /> He presented more than 40 medical papers in medical conferences and was credited with the publication<ref name="Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Volume 1" /> of over 20 articles.<ref name="Man over mind" />		Varma was credited with research on [[Parkinson's disease]] and was known to have developed a minimally invasive technique for the control of the disease, the procedure now known as ''Varma's Technique''.<ref name="Dr R M Varma" /> The procedure, first introduced in 1963 by Varma, involved accessing the subthaamic nucleaus in brain through foramen ovale using syringes<ref name="Movement Disorders in India">{{cite journal \| url=http://www.acnr.co.uk/may_june_08/ACNRMJ08_movement.pdf \| title=Movement Disorders in India \| author=UdayMuthane \| journal=Advances in Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation \| date=May 2008 \| volume=8 \| issue=2 \| pages=22–23 \| access-date=3 June 2015 \| archive-date=4 March 2016 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112730/http://www.acnr.co.uk/may_june_08/ACNRMJ08_movement.pdf \| url-status=dead }}</ref> with the whole procedure lasting less than 20 minutes.<ref name="NIMHANS Founder Director Varma No More" /> He presented a paper on the technique at the international conference of Neurosurgeons at [[Copenhagen]] in 1965.<ref name="Dr R M Varma" /> He presented more than 40 medical papers in medical conferences and was credited with the publication<ref name="Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Volume 1" /> of over 20 articles.<ref name="Man over mind" />

	Marthanda Varma was married to Malathi, a lecturer at APS college and the couple had two sons.<ref name="NIMHANS Founder Director Varma No More">{{cite web \| url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/NIMHANS-Founder-Director-Varma-No-More/2015/03/11/article2707966.ece \| title=NIMHANS Founder Director Varma No More \| publisher=Indian Express \| date=11 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June ~~2022~~}}</ref> The elder is Ravi Gopal Varma, also a neurosurgeon and the younger is Shashi Gopal Varma. He died on 10 March 2015 at [[M. S. Ramaiah]] Memorial Hospital, Bangalore, at the age of 93,<ref name="Dr R Marthanda Varma passes away">{{cite web \| url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/news/latest-news/dr-r-marthanda-varma-passes-away-159193.html \| title=Dr R Marthanda Varma passes away \| publisher=Mathrubhumi \| date=10 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015 \| archive-date=11 March 2015 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311014901/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/news/latest-news/dr-r-marthanda-varma-passes-away-159193.html \| url-status=dead }}</ref> succumbing to age related illnesses.<ref name="NIMHANS' founder Dr. R Marthanda Varma passes away">{{cite web \| url=http://www.thegulfindian.net/nimhans-founder-dr-r-marthanda-varma-passes-away/ \| title=NIMHANS' founder Dr. R Marthanda Varma passes away \| publisher=The Gulf Indian \| date=22 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June ~~2022~~}}</ref><ref name="Dr R Marthanda Varma, Pioneer in Neuroscience, Passed Away">{{cite web \| url=http://www.medindia.net/news/dr-r-marthanda-varma-pioneer-in-neuroscience-passed-away-147276-1.htm \| title=Dr R Marthanda Varma, Pioneer in Neuroscience, Passed Away \| publisher=Med India \| date=11 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June ~~2022~~}}</ref>		Marthanda Varma was married to Malathi, a lecturer at APS college and the couple had two sons.<ref name="NIMHANS Founder Director Varma No More">{{cite web \| url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/NIMHANS-Founder-Director-Varma-No-More/2015/03/11/article2707966.ece \| title=NIMHANS Founder Director Varma No More \| publisher=Indian Express \| date=11 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015}}</ref> The elder is Ravi Gopal Varma, also a neurosurgeon and the younger is Shashi Gopal Varma. He died on 10 March 2015 at [[M. S. Ramaiah]] Memorial Hospital, Bangalore, at the age of 93,<ref name="Dr R Marthanda Varma passes away">{{cite web \| url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/news/latest-news/dr-r-marthanda-varma-passes-away-159193.html \| title=Dr R Marthanda Varma passes away \| publisher=Mathrubhumi \| date=10 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015 \| archive-date=11 March 2015 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311014901/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/news/latest-news/dr-r-marthanda-varma-passes-away-159193.html \| url-status=dead }}</ref> succumbing to age related illnesses.<ref name="NIMHANS' founder Dr. R Marthanda Varma passes away">{{cite web \| url=http://www.thegulfindian.net/nimhans-founder-dr-r-marthanda-varma-passes-away/ \| title=NIMHANS' founder Dr. R Marthanda Varma passes away \| publisher=The Gulf Indian \| date=22 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015}}</ref><ref name="Dr R Marthanda Varma, Pioneer in Neuroscience, Passed Away">{{cite web \| url=http://www.medindia.net/news/dr-r-marthanda-varma-pioneer-in-neuroscience-passed-away-147276-1.htm \| title=Dr R Marthanda Varma, Pioneer in Neuroscience, Passed Away \| publisher=Med India \| date=11 March 2015 \| access-date=2 June 2015}}</ref>

	Varma also mentored many private hospitals in Bangalore, such as [[Mallige Medical Centre]], [[Manipal Hospital]], and MS Ramaiah Hospital. He was also an independent director at [[Mallige Medical Centre]].<ref name="ROC">{{cite web \| url=http://www.mca.gov.in/mcafoportal/showdirectorMasterData.do \| title=View Director Master Data DIN:00886787 \| publisher=Ministry of Corporate Affairs \| access-date=2 June ~~2022~~}}</ref>		Varma also mentored many private hospitals in Bangalore, such as [[Mallige Medical Centre]], [[Manipal Hospital]], and MS Ramaiah Hospital. He was also an independent director at [[Mallige Medical Centre]].<ref name="ROC">{{cite web \| url=http://www.mca.gov.in/mcafoportal/showdirectorMasterData.do \| title=View Director Master Data DIN:00886787 \| publisher=Ministry of Corporate Affairs \| access-date=2 June 2017}}</ref>

	Varma, an elected fellow of the [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]],<ref name="List of Fellows - NAMS">{{cite web \| url=http://www.nams-india.in/downloads/fellowsmembers/ZZ.pdf \| title=List of Fellows - NAMS \| publisher=National Academy of Medical Sciences \| date=2016 \| access-date=19 March ~~2022~~}}</ref> received the [[Rajyotsava Prashasti]] from the government of [[Karnataka]] in 1969.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> The [[Government of India]] awarded him the civilian honour of [[Padma Shri]] in 1972<ref name="Padma Shri" /> and he received the Distinguished Achievement Award from the World Congress of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Mental Deficiency (IASSMD) in 1982.<ref name="Man over mind" /> He was also a recipient of the Citizen Extraordinary of Bangalore Award in 1967<ref name="Man over mind" /> and the [[Visvesvaraya\|Sir Visvesvaraya]] Award in 1998.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> The Neurological Society of Bangalore has instituted an annual oration award in his honour.<ref name="Man over mind" /> He remained the Professor Emeritus of NIMHANS after his retirement until his death.<ref name="Man over mind" /> He is also a recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award of Madras Neuro Trust.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.madrasneurotrust.org/lifetime-achivement.html \|title=Madras Neuro Trust \|access-date=16 August 2020 \|archive-date=7 September 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907203315/http://www.madrasneurotrust.org/lifetime-achivement.html \|url-status=dead }}</ref>		Varma, an elected fellow of the [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]],<ref name="List of Fellows - NAMS">{{cite web \| url=http://www.nams-india.in/downloads/fellowsmembers/ZZ.pdf \| title=List of Fellows - NAMS \| publisher=National Academy of Medical Sciences \| date=2016 \| access-date=19 March 2016}}</ref> received the [[Rajyotsava Prashasti]] from the government of [[Karnataka]] in 1969.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> The [[Government of India]] awarded him the civilian honour of [[Padma Shri]] in 1972<ref name="Padma Shri" /> and he received the Distinguished Achievement Award from the World Congress of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Mental Deficiency (IASSMD) in 1982.<ref name="Man over mind" /> He was also a recipient of the Citizen Extraordinary of Bangalore Award in 1967<ref name="Man over mind" /> and the [[Visvesvaraya\|Sir Visvesvaraya]] Award in 1998.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> The Neurological Society of Bangalore has instituted an annual oration award in his honour.<ref name="Man over mind" /> He remained the Professor Emeritus of NIMHANS after his retirement until his death.<ref name="Man over mind" /> He is also a recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award of Madras Neuro Trust.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.madrasneurotrust.org/lifetime-achivement.html \|title=Madras Neuro Trust \|access-date=16 August 2020 \|archive-date=7 September 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907203315/http://www.madrasneurotrust.org/lifetime-achivement.html \|url-status=dead }}</ref>

	{{portal\|India\|Medicine}}		{{portal\|India\|Medicine}}

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{{about|an Indian neurosurgeon|other uses|Marthanda Varma (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = R. Marthanda Varma
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Mavelikkara]], [[Kerala]], India
| death_date = 10 March 2015
| death_place = [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], India
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Neurosurgeon
| yearsactive =
| known for = Varma's Technique (Neurosurgical procedure)
| spouse = Malathi
| domesticpartner =
| children = Two sons
| parents = Aswathynnal Kutty Amma Thampuran
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]]<br />[[Rajyotsava Prashasti]]<br />IASSMD Distinguished Achievement Award<br />Citizen Extraordinary of [[Bangalore]] Award<br />[[Visvesvaraya|Sir Visvesvaraya]] Award
}}
'''Ravivarma Marthanda Varma''' was an Indian neurosurgeon, one of the pioneers of Indian neurosurgery and the founder director of the [[National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences]] (NIMHANS).<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma">{{cite web | url=http://nimhans.ac.in/nimhans/past-directors | title=Dr. R Martanda Varma | publisher=NIMHANS | date=2015 | access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref> He was the originator of a new surgical procedure for treating [[Parkinson's disease]]<ref name="Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Volume 1">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cnF-2KCeR1sC&q=%22varma%27s+technique%22+parkinson%27s&pg=PA168 | title=Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Volume 1 | publisher=Springer | date=2015 | access-date=3 June 2015 |author1=Andres M. Lozano |author2=Philip L. Gildenberg |author3=Ronald R. Taske | isbn=9783540699590 }}</ref> which later came to be known as ''Varma's Technique''.<ref name="Man over mind">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/03/27/stories/2003032701110200.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030507060535/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/03/27/stories/2003032701110200.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=7 May 2003 | title=Man over mind | date=27 March 2003 | work=[[The Hindu]] | access-date=3 June 2022}}</ref> He was a former Deputy Director General of Health Services, [[Government of India]] and an honorary surgeon to [[R. Venkataraman]], former president of India.<ref name="R Marthanda Varma, Founder Director of NIMHANS, Dies at 93">{{cite web | url=http://www.mangalorean.com/bengaluru-dr-r-marthanda-varma-founder-director-of-nimhans-dies-at-93/ | title=R Marthanda Varma, Founder Director of NIMHANS, Dies at 93 | publisher=Mangalorean | date=12 March 2015 | access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref> He was honoured by the [[Government of India]] in 1972 with [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest Indian civilian award.<ref name="Padma Shri">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Shri | publisher=Padma Shri | date=2015 | access-date=11 November 2022}}</ref>

==Biography==
Marthanda Varma was born in the Royal family of [[Mavelikkara]]<ref name="Padmashree Dr Raja Marthanda Varma Passed Away">{{cite web | url=http://www.evartha.in/english/2015/03/10/padmashri-dr-raja-martanda-varma-passesd-away.html | title=Padmashree Dr Raja Marthanda Varma Passed Away | publisher=E Varta | date=10 March 2015 | access-date=2 June 2015 | archive-date=12 September 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912060115/http://www.evartha.in/english/2015/03/10/padmashri-dr-raja-martanda-varma-passesd-away.html | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Renowned Neurosurgeon R Marthanda Varma Dies at 93 in Bengaluru">{{cite web | url=http://www.ndtv.com/bangalore-news/renowned-neurosurgeon-r-marthanda-varma-dies-at-93-in-bengaluru-745612 | title=Renowned Neurosurgeon R Marthanda Varma Dies at 93 in Bengaluru | publisher=ND TV | date=11 March 2015 | access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref> which had close family connections with the [[Travancore royal family]], his mother, Aswathynaal Kutty Amma Thampuran, was the sister of the then [[Maharani]] of [[Travancore]].<ref name="The Third Princess">{{cite web | url=https://inorite.wordpress.com/2010/07/19/the-third-princess/ | title=The Third Princess | publisher=Inorite | date=2015 | access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref> After graduating in medicine, he did master's course at the [[University of Bristol]]<ref name="Dr R M Varma">{{cite web | url=http://talent-kerala.net/previous/2003/jul/2.htm | title=Dr R M Varma | publisher=Talent Kerala | date=28 June 2002 | access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref> and completed the Fellowship of the [[Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh]], becoming one of the first five neurosurgeons of India.<ref name="Padmashree Dr Raja Marthanda Varma Passed Away" /><ref name="Renowned neurosurgeon Varma dies">{{cite news | url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/renowned-neurosurgeon-varma-dies-115031001354_1.html | title=Renowned neurosurgeon Varma dies | newspaper=Business Standard India | publisher=Business Standard | date=10 March 2015 | access-date=2 June 2015| agency=Press Trust of India }}</ref> He returned to India in 1958 and joined the All India Institute of Mental Health (AIIMH), a mental hospital based in Bangalore, Karnataka.<ref name="Padmashree Dr Raja Marthanda Varma Passed Away" /> as the professor of neurosurgery.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> He became the director of the institution in 1969 and held the post until 1974.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" />

When the All India Institute of Mental Health was reconstituted as the [[National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences]] with the participation from the state and central governments in 1974, Varma was chosen as its founder director, a post he retained until 1977.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> In 1977, he was appointed as the deputy director of Health Services by the [[Government of India]] for a one-year term.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> He returned to NIMHANS in 1978 and served as the director until his superannuation in 1979.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> He also served as the dean of the faculty of mental health and neurosciences of [[Bangalore University]], as the advisor to the government of India on mental health and neurosurgery and as the honorary surgeon to [[R. Venkataraman]], former President of India.<ref name="R Marthanda Varma, Founder Director of NIMHANS, Dies at 93" />

Varma was credited with research on [[Parkinson's disease]] and was known to have developed a minimally invasive technique for the control of the disease, the procedure now known as ''Varma's Technique''.<ref name="Dr R M Varma" /> The procedure, first introduced in 1963 by Varma, involved accessing the subthaamic nucleaus in brain through foramen ovale using syringes<ref name="Movement Disorders in India">{{cite journal | url=http://www.acnr.co.uk/may_june_08/ACNRMJ08_movement.pdf | title=Movement Disorders in India | author=UdayMuthane | journal=Advances in Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation | date=May 2008 | volume=8 | issue=2 | pages=22–23 | access-date=3 June 2015 | archive-date=4 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304112730/http://www.acnr.co.uk/may_june_08/ACNRMJ08_movement.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> with the whole procedure lasting less than 20 minutes.<ref name="NIMHANS Founder Director Varma No More" /> He presented a paper on the technique at the international conference of Neurosurgeons at [[Copenhagen]] in 1965.<ref name="Dr R M Varma" /> He presented more than 40 medical papers in medical conferences and was credited with the publication<ref name="Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Volume 1" /> of over 20 articles.<ref name="Man over mind" />

Marthanda Varma was married to Malathi, a lecturer at APS college and the couple had two sons.<ref name="NIMHANS Founder Director Varma No More">{{cite web | url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/NIMHANS-Founder-Director-Varma-No-More/2015/03/11/article2707966.ece | title=NIMHANS Founder Director Varma No More | publisher=Indian Express | date=11 March 2015 | access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref> The elder is Ravi Gopal Varma, also a neurosurgeon and the younger is Shashi Gopal Varma. He died on 10 March 2015 at [[M. S. Ramaiah]] Memorial Hospital, Bangalore, at the age of 93,<ref name="Dr R Marthanda Varma passes away">{{cite web | url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/news/latest-news/dr-r-marthanda-varma-passes-away-159193.html | title=Dr R Marthanda Varma passes away | publisher=Mathrubhumi | date=10 March 2015 | access-date=2 June 2015 | archive-date=11 March 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311014901/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/english/news/latest-news/dr-r-marthanda-varma-passes-away-159193.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> succumbing to age related illnesses.<ref name="NIMHANS' founder Dr. R Marthanda Varma passes away">{{cite web | url=http://www.thegulfindian.net/nimhans-founder-dr-r-marthanda-varma-passes-away/ | title=NIMHANS' founder Dr. R Marthanda Varma passes away | publisher=The Gulf Indian | date=22 March 2015 | access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="Dr R Marthanda Varma, Pioneer in Neuroscience, Passed Away">{{cite web | url=http://www.medindia.net/news/dr-r-marthanda-varma-pioneer-in-neuroscience-passed-away-147276-1.htm | title=Dr R Marthanda Varma, Pioneer in Neuroscience, Passed Away | publisher=Med India | date=11 March 2015 | access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref>

Varma also mentored many private hospitals in Bangalore, such as [[Mallige Medical Centre]], [[Manipal Hospital]], and MS Ramaiah Hospital. He was also an independent director at [[Mallige Medical Centre]].<ref name="ROC">{{cite web | url=http://www.mca.gov.in/mcafoportal/showdirectorMasterData.do | title=View Director Master Data DIN:00886787 | publisher=Ministry of Corporate Affairs | access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref>

Varma, an elected fellow of the [[National Academy of Medical Sciences]],<ref name="List of Fellows - NAMS">{{cite web | url=http://www.nams-india.in/downloads/fellowsmembers/ZZ.pdf | title=List of Fellows - NAMS | publisher=National Academy of Medical Sciences | date=2016 | access-date=19 March 2022}}</ref> received the [[Rajyotsava Prashasti]] from the government of [[Karnataka]] in 1969.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> The [[Government of India]] awarded him the civilian honour of [[Padma Shri]] in 1972<ref name="Padma Shri" /> and he received the Distinguished Achievement Award from the World Congress of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Mental Deficiency (IASSMD) in 1982.<ref name="Man over mind" /> He was also a recipient of the Citizen Extraordinary of Bangalore Award in 1967<ref name="Man over mind" /> and the [[Visvesvaraya|Sir Visvesvaraya]] Award in 1998.<ref name="Dr. R Martanda Varma" /> The Neurological Society of Bangalore has instituted an annual oration award in his honour.<ref name="Man over mind" /> He remained the Professor Emeritus of NIMHANS after his retirement until his death.<ref name="Man over mind" /> He is also a recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award of Madras Neuro Trust.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.madrasneurotrust.org/lifetime-achivement.html |title=Madras Neuro Trust |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=7 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907203315/http://www.madrasneurotrust.org/lifetime-achivement.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{portal|India|Medicine}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal | title=Lidocaine and muscimol microinjections in subthalamic nucleus reverse parkinsonian symptoms |author1=Ron Levy |author2=Anthony E. Lang |author3=Jonathan O. Dostrovsky |author4=Peter Pahapill |author5=John Romas |author6=Jean Saint-Cyr |author7=William D. Hutchison |author8=Andres M. Lozano | journal=Brain |volume=124 |issue=10 | year=2001 | pages=2105–2118 | doi=10.1093/brain/124.10.2105|pmid=11571226 |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite journal | title=Movement Disorders in India | author=UdayMuthane | journal=Advances in Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation |date=May 2008 | volume=8 | issue=2 | pages=22–23}}
* {{cite web | title=Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Volume 1 | publisher=Springer | date=2015 |author1=Andres M. Lozano |author2=Philip L. Gildenberg |author3=Ronald R. Taske }}
* {{cite journal | title=Percutaneous trans-foramen ovale approach to subthalamic nucleaus (Varma's technique) |vauthors=Muthane UB, Varma RB, Sundararaj P | journal=Mov Disord | year=1998 | volume=13 | issue=71}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Medicine}}
{{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Varma, R. Marthanda}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Alappuzha district]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Indian neurosurgeons]]
[[Category:Indian medical academics]]
[[Category:Indian medical writers]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Indian Medical Service officers]]
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Medical Sciences]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Kerala]]
[[Category:Bangalore University faculty]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:20th-century surgeons]]