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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox monarch
| name = Sultan Quli
| title = Qutb-ul-Mulk (Pillar of the Realm)
| image =
| succession = 1st [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Sultan of the Qutb Shahi Sultanate of Golconda]]
| reign = 1518–1543<ref>{{Citation|work=A Social History of the Deccan,1300-1761|editor-last1=Eaton|editor-first1=Richard Maxwell|title=From the early sultanate to Aurangzeb|url=https://archive.org/details/iB_in/1-8/page/n166/mode/1up|publisher=Cambridge university press}}</ref>
| coronation =
| predecessor =
| successor = [[Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah]]
| spouse =
| issue = Qutbuddin [[Jamsheed Qutb Shah|Jamsheed]] Abdul Khadir Abdul Karim Husayn [[Ibrahim Qutb Shah|Ibrahim]]
| royal house = [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]]
| father = Uways Quli Beg
| mother = Maryam Khanum
| birth_date = 1485<ref>{{Citation|work=Landmarks of Deccan|year=1927|editor-last1=Bilgrami|editor-first1=Syed Ali Asghar|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.280768/page/n22/mode/1up|title=Dates of accession of Qutub Shahi Sultans}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Hamadan]], [[Persia]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1543|9|2|1485|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Sultanate of Golconda]]
| place of burial= [[Qutb Shahi tombs]], Hyderabad
| religion = [[Shia Islam]]
}}
'''Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk''',<ref>{{cite book|title=Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v4UKJFLZVcEC|page=1|author=Masʻūd Ḥusain K̲h̲ān̲|year=1996}}</ref> more often though less correctly referred to in [[English language|English]] as '''Quli Qutb Shah'''{{efn|"Sultan" was a part of his name, Sultan Quli (also spelled Sultan-Quli),<ref>{{cite book|title=History of the Qutb Shāhī Dynasty|author=Haroon Khan Sherwani|year=1974|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aoYgAAAAMAAJ|page=52|quote=Although the name Sultan-Quli might suggest royal dignity, the epithet 'Sultan' is only a part of his name}}</ref> the whole of which meaning 'slave of the sultan' or 'slave of the ruler'<ref>{{cite book|title=When Sun Meets Moon: Gender, Eros, and Ecstasy in Urdu Poetry|author=Scott Kugle|year=2016}}</ref> (see other male given names built from Quli at "[[Quli (Turkic)]]"); and he never proclaimed his kingship (the first of his successors to do so was [[Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah]]).<ref>{{cite book|title=History of the Qutb Shāhī Dynasty|author=Haroon Khan Sherwani|year=1974|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aoYgAAAAMAAJ|page=62|quote=Qutbu'lmulk never proclaimed his kingship, and in all probability the first ruler of Golkonda to do so was Ibrāhīm Qutb Shāh}}</ref>}} (1485–1543), was the founder of the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]], which ruled the [[Sultanate of Golconda]] in southern [[India]] from 1518 to 1687.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=118}}</ref> Of [[Turkmens|Turkmen]] origin and born in [[Persia]], he originally served the [[Bahmani sultanate|Bahmani sultan]], and was awarded the title Qutb-ul-Mulk (Pillar of the Realm) as military chief;<ref>{{cite book|title=When Sun Meets Moon: Gender, Eros, and Ecstasy in Urdu Poetry|author=Scott Kugle|year=2016}}</ref> he eventually took control of Golconda.

==Background==
Originally named Sultan Quli, he was a [[Shi'i]] [[Turkmens|Turkmen]] from the city of [[Hamadan]] in [[Persia]].<ref name="Siddiqi1956">{{cite book|last=Siddiqi|first=Abdul Majeed|title=History of Golcunda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=omYgAAAAMAAJ|year=1956|publisher=Literary Publications|page=7}}</ref><ref name="Cole2011">{{cite book|last1=Cole|first1=Juan R.I.|authorlink1=Juan Cole|editor1=Nikki R. Keddie|editor-link1=Nikki Keddie|editor2=Rudi Matthee|editor-link2=Rudi Matthee|title=Iranian Culture and South Asia, 1500-1900|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLlcCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA25|series=Iran and the Surrounding World: Interactions in Culture and Cultural Politics|year=2011|publisher=University of Washington Press|location=Seattle and London|isbn=978-0-295-80024-0|page=25}}</ref> He was the son of Uways Quli Beg, of the [[Qara Qoyunlu]] dynasty, and Maryam Khanum, a daughter of the Hamadan noble Malik Saleh. Through his father, he was descended from the Turkmen ruler [[Qara Yusuf]] twice over; his grandparents, Pir Quli Beg and Khadija Begum, were grandchildren of Qara Yusuf's sons [[Qara Iskander]] and [[Jahan Shah]] respectively.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Minorsky|first=V.|date=1955-01-01|title=The Qara-qoyunlu and the Qutb-shāhs (Turkmenica, 10)|jstor=609229|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London|volume=17|issue=1|pages=50–73|doi=10.1017/s0041977x00106342}}</ref><ref>Ramanand Vidya Bhawan, ''The Indian Historical Quarterly, Volume 16, Issues 1-4'', 1985, p.711</ref>

He migrated to [[Delhi]] with some of his relatives and friends, including his uncle Allah Quli Beg, in the beginning of the 16th century. Later, he travelled south to [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] and served the [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahmani sultan]].<ref name="Michell">George Michell, Mark Zebrowski, ''[[The New Cambridge History of India]]: 1. The Portuguese in India'', (Cambridge University Press, 1999), 17.</ref> Due to his successful leadership in military conflicts, he received the title "Qutb-ul-Mulk".<ref name="Nayeem2006">{{cite book|last=Nayeem|first=M. A.|title=The Heritage of the Qutb Shahis of Golconda and Hyderabad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V48MAQAAMAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Hyderabad Publishers|location=Hyderabad|isbn=978-81-85492-23-0|page=3}}</ref>

==Establishing the Qutb Shahi Sultanate==
[[File:Tomb of Sultan Quli Qutb Shah 01.jpg|thumb|Tomb of Sultan Quli Qutb Shah in [[Hyderabad]]]]
After the disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate into the five [[Deccan sultanates]], he declared independence and took the title of '''Qutb Shah''', and established the [[Qutb Shahi dynasty]] of [[Golconda]].<ref name="Rao1988">{{cite book|last=Rao|first=P. Raghunadha|title=History of Modern Andhra Pradesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ncxAAAAAMAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Sterling Publishers|isbn=978-81-207-0878-5|page=18}}</ref> Even though there is ample evidence that he never proclaimed his kingship. The inscription on his grave itself names him as Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk:
[[File:Tomb of Sultan Quli Qutb Shah 02.jpg|thumb|His grave]]{{blockquote|{{lang|ar|
انتقل صاحب هذه الروضة الرضية وهو الملك المغفور

السعيد الشهيد الغازي لوجه الله والمجاهد في سبيل الله الملك سلطان قلي

المخاطب به قطب الملك المشهور به بر ملك انار الله برهانه الى جوار رحمه الله في يوم الاثنين ثاني شهر جمادى الثانية سنة ٩٥٠}}}}

Many historians have misattributed the word 'Sultan' in his name but his whole name just meant 'Servant of the Sultan' just like his Uncle Allah Mulk which meant 'Servant of Allah'.<ref>{{Citation|work=Mohammad Qutub Quli Shah,Founder of Hyderabad|editor-last1=Sherwani|year=1967|editor-first1=Haroon Khan|title=Qutub Ul Mulk|publisher=Asian Publishing House|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.46692/page/n21/mode/1up|pages= 4-5}}</ref>

==Extension of the Sultanate==
Sultan Quli Qutb Shah was a contemporary of [[Krishnadevaraya|Krishana Deva Raya]] and his younger brother [[Achyuta Deva Raya]] of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. Sultan Quli extended his rule by capturing forts at [[Warangal]], [[Kondapalli]], [[Eluru]], and [[Rajamundry]], while Krishnadevaraya was fighting the ruler of [[Odisha]]. He defeated [[Sitapati Raju]] (known as Shitab Khan), the ruler of [[Khammam]], and captured the fort. He forced Jeypore's ruler [[Vishwanath Dev Gajapati]] to surrender all the territories between the mouths of [[Krishna river|Krishna]] and [[Godavari river]]s.<ref>{{cite book |author=KSB Singh |title=Nandapur A Forsaken Kingdom |year=1939 |publisher=Utkal Sahitya Press |isbn=978-81-86772-17-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.209240 |page=18}}</ref> He was able to occupy Eluru, Rajamundry and [[Machilipatnam]] extending his rule to [[Coastal Andhra]]. Sultan Quli's campaign against Krishnadevaraya continued until [[Timmarusu]], the Prime Minister of Krishnadevaraya, defeated the Golconda army.

==Death and succession==
In 1543, while he was offering his prayers, Sultan Quli Qutb Shah was assassinated by his second son, [[Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah]].<ref name="Michell" /> Jamsheed Quli also blinded Sultan Quli's eldest son and heir, Qutbuddin, and assumed the throne. His sixth son [[Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah]] fled to [[Vijayanagar Empire|Vijayanagara]]. Jamsheed Quli also killed his brother (the third son of Sultan Quli), Abdul Quadeer, who had revolted after their father's death.

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box|title=[[Qutb Shahi dynasty]]|before=-|after=[[Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah]]|years=1512–1543}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Quli Qutb Shah}}
[[Category:16th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:1543 deaths]]
[[Category:Qutb Shahi dynasty]]
[[Category:Hyderabad State]]
[[Category:People from Hamadan Province]]
[[Category:1470 births]]
[[Category:Ethnic Turkmen people]]

Quli Qutb Shah - Revision history

Victorxsi: improved citations additionally and corrected details for accuracy

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article