172.70.86.138: /* External links */

2022-10-10T11:03:33Z

External links

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:33, 10 October 2022
Line 63:		Line 63:
	[[Category:Quercus\|frainetto]]		[[Category:Quercus\|frainetto]]
	[[Category:Flora of Europe]]		[[Category:Flora of Europe]]
			[[Category:State symbols of Romania]]
	[[Category:Flora of Italy]]		[[Category:Flora of Italy]]
	[[Category:Plants described in 1813]]		[[Category:Plants described in 1813]]

WikiDwarfBOT: robot: create new article

2022-04-21T06:23:06Z

robot: create new article

New page

{{Short description|Species of oak tree}}
{{speciesbox
|
| genus = Quercus
| display_parents = 2
| parent = Quercus sect. Mesobalanus
| species = frainetto
| authority = [[Michele Tenore|Ten.]]
| range_map = Quercus frainetto range.svg
| range_map_caption = Distribution map
| synonyms_ref = <ref>{{ThePlantList |id=kew-172804 |taxon=Quercus frainetto |authority=Ten.}}</ref>
| synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true
|''Quercus apennina'' Loisel.
|''Quercus byzantina'' Borbás
|''Quercus conferta'' Kit.
|''Quercus conferta'' (Kit.) Vuk.
|''Quercus esculiformis'' O.Schwarz
|''Quercus esculus'' Pollini
|''Quercus farnetto'' Ten.
|
|''Quercus pannonica'' Endl.
|''Quercus slavonica'' Kit. ex Borbás
|''Quercus spectabilis'' Kit. ex Simonk.
|''Quercus strigosa'' Wierzb. ex Rochel
|}}}}

'''''Quercus frainetto''''' ([[syn.]] ''Quercus conferta'' Kit., ''Quercus farnetto'' Ten.), commonly known as the '''Hungarian oak''' or '''Italian oak''', is a [[species]] of [[oak]], [[native plant|native]] to southeastern Europe (parts of Italy, the Balkans, parts of Hungary, Romania) and Turkey; it is classified in [[Quercus section Mesobalanus|''Quercus'' sect. ''Mesobalanus'']].

==Description==
''Quercus frainetto'' is a large [[deciduous]] [[tree]], reaching heights of {{convert|38|m|ft|0|abbr=off}} tall by {{convert|20|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} broad,<ref name=RHSAZ>{{cite book|title=RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants|year=2008|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|location=United Kingdom|isbn=978-1405332965|pages=1136}}</ref> with a trunk girth of nearly {{convert|2|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. The bark is light gray in colour and cracks into small square cracking plates. The buds are large, long and pointed, shiny russet or light brown in colour with minute tomentum. The twigs are stout and covered with russet upward pointed hairs.

The [[leaves]] are large, {{convert|14|-|25|cm|0|abbr=off}} long, occasionally up to {{convert|33|cm|0|abbr=on}}, variable in shape, divided into 6–10 very deep parallel lobes which are usually divided into sublobes. The leaf stalks are usually short, {{Convert|2–6|mm|abbr=off|frac=32}}, rarely to 22 mm, long. The leaves are widest close to the apex, which is broad and short pointed. The base of the leaf usually has [[Auricle (botany)|auricles]] which sometimes overlap the twig. The light yellow green expanding leaves turn rich dark green by the beginning of summer. The leaves are covered with minute russet hairs, especially the lower surface. The leaves are concentrated at the ends of twigs. The leaves turn brown, russet or yellow in fall and sometimes remain attached to the twigs until the following spring.

The light brown [[acorn]]s mature in about 6 months. They are {{Convert|15–35|mm|abbr=on|frac=8}} long, egg shaped, usually with a blunt apex. The acorn cup is covered with long overlapping [[Trichome|scales]] and russet hairs. The acorns tend to concentrate in groups of two to eight at the ends of twigs.

{{gallery|mode=packed
|File:Quercus_frainetto_kew2.jpg|Leaves, Kew Gardens
|File:Quercus_frainetto_kew1.jpg|Mature specimen, Kew Gardens
|File:Quercus frainetto01.JPG|Trunk and branches
}}

==Distribution and habitat==
{{See also|Balkan mixed forests}}

The centre of the tree's native range is in the [[Balkans]]. It is adapted to the subcontinental climate of southeastern Europe, but the main factor of its occurrence at a particular site is the soil. It is specially adapted to heavy acidic soils ([[cambisols]] and [[vertisols]]), typical of Serbia, Bulgaria and Romania. These soils are usually leached out, very dry in the summer and sometimes waterlogged in the spring. However, the Hungarian oak does not tolerate flooding or high water tables. It is also extremely sensitive to the presence of lime in the soil. Hence, in contradiction to its English vernacular name, which was assigned when Hungary was a much larger kingdom, the Hungarian oak is a very rare tree in modern Hungary, where the soils are generally very rich in lime. The Hungarian oak-[[Quercus cerris|Turkey oak]] forest (''[[Quercetum frainetto-cerris]]'' Rud.) is the most widespread association of this oak in the Balkans, which is also the most common forest type in Serbia.

==Cultivation==
This tree is cultivated in parks and large gardens, and the [[cultivar]] 'Hungarian Crown' has gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref>{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - ''Quercus frainetto '' 'Hungarian Crown'|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/28926/Quercus-frainetto-Hungarian-Crown/Details | access-date = 17 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 82 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | access-date = 23 September 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commons category|Quercus frainetto}}
* Bean, W. J. (1976). ''Trees and shrubs hardy in the British Isles'' 8th ed., revised. John Murray.
* {{Flora Europaea |genus=Quercus |species=frainetto}}
* Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Trees of Britain and Europe''. HarperCollins {{ISBN|0-00-220013-9}}.
* {{in lang|fr}} [http://jeanlouis.helardot.free.fr/page_chenes/quercus_frainetto.htm Chênes: ''Quercus frainetto'']

==External links==
* [http://www.euforgen.org/species/quercus-frainetto/ ''Quercus frainetto''] - information, genetic conservation units and related resources. [[European Forest Genetic Resources Programme]] (EUFORGEN)

{{Taxonbar|from=Q857075}}

[[Category:Quercus|frainetto]]
[[Category:Flora of Europe]]
[[Category:Flora of Italy]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1813]]
[[Category:Flora of Turkey]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
[[Category:Trees of Mediterranean climate]]
[[Category:Trees of Europe]]
[[Category:Trees of humid continental climate]]
[[Category:Garden plants of Europe]]
[[Category:Ornamental trees]]
[[Category:Flora of Montenegro]]

Quercus frainetto - Revision history

172.70.86.138: /* External links */

WikiDwarfBOT: robot: create new article