Qudsia Begum - Revision history

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Empress dowager

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	== Biography ==		== Biography ==
	She may have been born of Hindu ~~[[Rajput]]~~ origin with her initial name being ''Udham Bai''.<ref name="google1">{{cite book\|first=Bilkees I. \|last=Latif\|title=Forgotten\|url={{google books \|plainurl=y \|id=3-SCyobP0koC\|p=50}}\|date=1 January 2010\|publisher=Penguin Books India\|isbn=978-0-14-306454-1\|pages=50–}}</ref> She was first introduced to the Imperial Court as a dancer/entertainer and used this position to gain favor among its members. The emperor Muhammad Shah eventually grew fond of her and took her as his third wife. She was later appointed as a [[Mansabdar]], a high ranking position in the Emperor's army that was used to enforce his rule and maintain his authority, especially during his absence.		She may have been born of Hindu origin with her initial name being ''Udham Bai''.<ref name="google1">{{cite book\|first=Bilkees I. \|last=Latif\|title=Forgotten\|url={{google books \|plainurl=y \|id=3-SCyobP0koC\|p=50}}\|date=1 January 2010\|publisher=Penguin Books India\|isbn=978-0-14-306454-1\|pages=50–}}</ref> She was first introduced to the Imperial Court as a dancer/entertainer and used this position to gain favor among its members. The emperor Muhammad Shah eventually grew fond of her and took her as his third wife. She was later appointed as a [[Mansabdar]], a high ranking position in the Emperor's army that was used to enforce his rule and maintain his authority, especially during his absence.

	After Muhammad Shah's death in 1748, her son [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]] (1725–1775) became emperor.{{cn\|date=June 2020}} As a widow, she took the title ''Qudsia [[Begum]]'', alternatively also spelled ''Qudsiya Begum'' or ''Kudsiya Begum''. Ahmad Shah Bahadur proved to be an ineffective ruler and was strongly influenced by his mother. A series of defeats and internal struggles led to his downfall. It was rumored that she had an affair with the [[Nawab]] Bahadur Javid Khan, who was the [[eunuch]] superintendent of the [[zenana]].<ref name="google1"/> Javid Khan was later assassinated. When the Nawab [[Imad-ul-Mulk]] reached Delhi in 1754, the emperor and his mother were arrested and imprisoned. She probably died after in prison, although the exact date and her gravesite are unknown.<ref name="Saha1997">{{cite book\|author=Dr. B. P. Saha\|title=Begams, concubines, and memsahibs\|url={{google books \|plainurl=y \|id=qWbaAAAAMAAJ}}\|year=1997\|publisher=Vikas Pub. House}}</ref>		After Muhammad Shah's death in 1748, her son [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]] (1725–1775) became emperor.{{cn\|date=June 2020}} As a widow, she took the title ''Qudsia [[Begum]]'', alternatively also spelled ''Qudsiya Begum'' or ''Kudsiya Begum''. Ahmad Shah Bahadur proved to be an ineffective ruler and was strongly influenced by his mother. A series of defeats and internal struggles led to his downfall. It was rumored that she had an affair with the [[Nawab]] Bahadur Javid Khan, who was the [[eunuch]] superintendent of the [[zenana]].<ref name="google1"/> Javid Khan was later assassinated. When the Nawab [[Imad-ul-Mulk]] reached Delhi in 1754, the emperor and his mother were arrested and imprisoned. She probably died after in prison, although the exact date and her gravesite are unknown.<ref name="Saha1997">{{cite book\|author=Dr. B. P. Saha\|title=Begams, concubines, and memsahibs\|url={{google books \|plainurl=y \|id=qWbaAAAAMAAJ}}\|year=1997\|publisher=Vikas Pub. House}}</ref>
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	[[File:Reminiscences of Imperial Delhi Sonheri or Golden Mosque.png\|thumb\|upright\|The Golden Mosque near the Red Fort, which she commissioned in 1747]]		[[File:Reminiscences of Imperial Delhi Sonheri or Golden Mosque.png\|thumb\|upright\|The Golden Mosque near the Red Fort, which she commissioned in 1747]]
	[[File:Sixty drawings of Mughal monuments and architectural details Qudsiya Bagh 1836.jpg\|thumb\|upright\|Her palace on the banks of the river Yamuna was commissioned in 1748]]		[[File:Sixty drawings of Mughal monuments and architectural details Qudsiya Bagh 1836.jpg\|thumb\|upright\|Her palace on the banks of the river Yamuna was commissioned in 1748]]

			[[File:Oriental Scenery Fig 3.jpg\|thumb\|COTSEA BHAUG, 1795]]

	She wielded great influence and commissioned various public and private works. The [[Sunehri Masjid (Red Fort)\|Golden Mosque]] near the Red Fort was constructed between 1747 and 1751 for Nawab Bahadur Javid Khan.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/10159/Ahmad-Shah \|title=Ahmad Shah (Mughal emperor) - Encyclopædia Britannica \|publisher=Britannica.com \|access-date=2014-03-11}}</ref>		She wielded great influence and commissioned various public and private works. The [[Sunehri Masjid (Red Fort)\|Golden Mosque]] near the Red Fort was constructed between 1747 and 1751 for Nawab Bahadur Javid Khan.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/10159/Ahmad-Shah \|title=Ahmad Shah (Mughal emperor) - Encyclopædia Britannica \|publisher=Britannica.com \|access-date=2014-03-11}}</ref>

	Her own [[Qudsia Bagh\|palace and garden]] near the Red Fort on the banks of the Yamuna river was constructed in 1748.		Her own [[Qudsia Bagh\|palace and garden]] near the Red Fort on the banks of the Yamuna river was constructed in 1748.

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{{Infobox royalty
| consort = yes
| name = Qudsia Begum Udham bai
| image =
| caption =
| title =
| reign = 1724–54
| spouse = [[Muhammad Shah]]
| issue = [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]]
| house =
| father =
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 1765
| death_place = Agra
| burial_date =
| burial_place = Agra
| full name = Udham Bai(Qudsia begum)
| signature =
}}
[[File:Mir Miran 001.jpg|thumb|Miniature painting showing Udham Bai being entertained with fireworks and dance (1742 CE by Mir Miran)]]
'''Qudsia Begum''' (died 1765), was a wife of [[Mughal emperor]] [[Muhammad Shah]] and mother of emperor [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]]. She was an [[Administrator of the Government|administrator]] and served as de facto regent of India from 1748 to 1754.

== Biography ==
She may have been born of Hindu [[Rajput]] origin with her initial name being ''Udham Bai''.<ref name="google1">{{cite book|first=Bilkees I. |last=Latif|title=Forgotten|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=3-SCyobP0koC|p=50}}|date=1 January 2010|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-306454-1|pages=50–}}</ref> She was first introduced to the Imperial Court as a dancer/entertainer and used this position to gain favor among its members. The emperor Muhammad Shah eventually grew fond of her and took her as his third wife. She was later appointed as a [[Mansabdar]], a high ranking position in the Emperor's army that was used to enforce his rule and maintain his authority, especially during his absence.

After Muhammad Shah's death in 1748, her son [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]] (1725–1775) became emperor.{{cn|date=June 2020}} As a widow, she took the title ''Qudsia [[Begum]]'', alternatively also spelled ''Qudsiya Begum'' or ''Kudsiya Begum''. Ahmad Shah Bahadur proved to be an ineffective ruler and was strongly influenced by his mother. A series of defeats and internal struggles led to his downfall. It was rumored that she had an affair with the [[Nawab]] Bahadur Javid Khan, who was the [[eunuch]] superintendent of the [[zenana]].<ref name="google1"/> Javid Khan was later assassinated. When the Nawab [[Imad-ul-Mulk]] reached Delhi in 1754, the emperor and his mother were arrested and imprisoned. She probably died after in prison, although the exact date and her gravesite are unknown.<ref name="Saha1997">{{cite book|author=Dr. B. P. Saha|title=Begams, concubines, and memsahibs|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=qWbaAAAAMAAJ}}|year=1997|publisher=Vikas Pub. House}}</ref>

=== Buildings ===
[[File:Reminiscences of Imperial Delhi Sonheri or Golden Mosque.png|thumb|upright|The Golden Mosque near the Red Fort, which she commissioned in 1747]]
[[File:Sixty drawings of Mughal monuments and architectural details Qudsiya Bagh 1836.jpg|thumb|upright|Her palace on the banks of the river Yamuna was commissioned in 1748]]
She wielded great influence and commissioned various public and private works. The [[Sunehri Masjid (Red Fort)|Golden Mosque]] near the Red Fort was constructed between 1747 and 1751 for Nawab Bahadur Javid Khan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/10159/Ahmad-Shah |title=Ahmad Shah (Mughal emperor) - Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Britannica.com |access-date=2014-03-11}}</ref>

Her own [[Qudsia Bagh|palace and garden]] near the Red Fort on the banks of the Yamuna river was constructed in 1748.

== See also ==
* Qudsia Begum, [[Nawab of Bhopal]] (ruled from 1819 to 1837 CE)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}

[[Category:18th-century births]]
[[Category:1765 deaths]]
[[Category:Mughal nobility]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]
[[Category:Women of the Mughal Empire]]

{{India-politician-stub}}