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{{Short description|Sufi mystic order in Sunni Islam}}
{{distinguish|text=[[Qadariyah|Qadariyya]], an early Islamic theological movement emphasizing free will}}
{{Infobox religion
| name = Qadiri order
| native_name = {{lang|ar|{{Script|Arab|الطريقة القادرية}}}}<br/>{{transliteration|ar|al-Ṭarīqa al-Qādiriyya}}
| image = Tomb of Abdul Qadir Jilani, Baghdad.jpg
| caption = The [[Dargah|shrine]] of Abdul Qadir Gilani in [[Baghdad]]
| abbreviation = Qādiriyya
| type = [[Sufi order]]
| main_classification = [[Sunni Islam]]
| area = [[Indian sub-continent]], [[Middle East]], [[Far East]]
| founder = [[Abdul Qadir Gilani]]
| founded_date = [[12th century]]
| founded_place = [[Abbasid Caliphate]]
}}
{{Sufism|Orders}}
The '''Qadiriyya''' ({{Langx|ar|القادرية}}) or the '''Qadiri order''' ({{Langx|ar|الطريقة القادرية|translit=al-Ṭarīqa al-Qādiriyya}}) is a [[Sunni]] [[Sufi]] order (''[[tariqa]]'') founded by [[Abdul Qadir Gilani]] (1077–1166, also transliterated ''Jilani''), who was a [[Hanbali]] scholar from [[Gilan Province|Gilan]], Iran.<ref>Omer Tarin, ''Hazrat Ghaus e Azam Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani sahib, RA: Aqeedat o Salam'', Urdu monograph, Lahore, 1996</ref>

The order, with its many sub-orders, is widespread. Its members are present in [[India]], [[Bangladesh]], [[China]], [[Turkey]], [[Indonesia]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Pakistan]], the [[Balkans]], [[Russia]], [[Palestine]], as well as [[East Africa|East]], [[West Africa|West]] and [[North Africa]].<ref>Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. "The Special Sufi Paths (Tariqas)". Muslim Communities of Grace: The Sufi Brotherhoods in Islamic Religious Life. New York: Columbia UP, 2007. 86–96.</ref><ref name="tombs48">[[Dru C. Gladney|Gladney, Dru]]. [http://www2.hawaii.edu/~dru/articles/tombs.pdf "Muslim Tombs and Ethnic Folklore: Charters for Hui Identity"]{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''Journal of Asian Studies'', August 1987, Vol. 46 (3): 495-532; pp. 48–49 in the PDF file.</ref>

==History==
[[File:Zaouia El Kadiria.jpg|thumb|The Qadiriyya [[Zawiya (institution)|Zawiya]] (Sufi lodge) in [[Tozeur]], Tunisia]]
[[Abdul Qadir Gilani]], a Hanbali scholar and preacher, having been a pupil at the [[madrasa]] of [[Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi|Abu Saeed Mubarak]], became the leader of the madrasa after Mubarak's death in 1119. Being the new [[Sheikh]], he and his large family lived in the madrasa until his death in 1166, when his son, [[Abdul Razzaq Gilani|Abdul Razzaq]], succeeded his father as Sheikh. Abdul Razzaq published a [[hagiography]] of his father, adding to his already established reputation as founder of a prestigious Sufi order.<ref name="al-Shattanufi">Bahjat al-Asrar by Nur al-Din 'Ali al-Shattanufi</ref>

The Qadiriyya flourished, surviving the [[Siege of Baghdad (1258)|Mongolian conquest of Baghdad in 1258]], and remained an influential [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] Sufi order. After the fall of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]], the legend of Abdul Qadir Gilani was again found in many texts such as ''The Joy of the Secrets in Abdul Qadir's Mysterious Deeds'' (''Bahjat al-Asrar fi ba'd manaqib 'Abd al-Qadir'') attributed to Nur al-Din 'Ali al-Shattanufi, who taught that Abdul Qadir Gilani was the greatest [[Wali|saint]] within Islam, helping the Qadiri order flourish far beyond Baghdad.<ref name="al-Shattanufi"/>

By the end of the fifteenth century, the Qadiriyya had distinct sub-orders and had spread to [[Morocco]], [[Spain]], Turkey, India, [[Ethiopia]], [[Somalia]], and present-day [[Mali]].<ref name="al-Shattanufi"/>

[[Khawaja|Khwaja]] Abdullah, a Sheikh of the Qadiriyya and a descendant of the [[Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]], is reported to have entered China in 1674 and traveled the country preaching until his death in 1689.<ref name="al-Shattanufi"/><ref name="Lipman1998">{{cite book|author=Jonathan Neaman Lipman|title=Familiar strangers: a history of Muslims in Northwest China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8Nzux7z6KAC&q=ataq+allah&pg=PA72|date=1 July 1998|publisher=University of Washington Press|isbn=978-0-295-80055-4|pages=88–}}</ref> One of his students, Qi Jingyi Hilal al-Din, is said to have rooted Qadiri [[Sufism]] in China. He was buried in [[Linxia City]], which became the center of the Qadiriyya in China.<ref name="tombs48"/>

[[Sultan Bahu]] contributed to the spread of the Qadiriyya in India. His method of spreading the teachings of the Sufi doctrine of [[Faqr]] was through his Punjabi couplets and other writings, which numbered more than 140.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cuthbert |first=Mercy |date=2022-06-14 |title=Qadiriyya Tariqa {{!}} Founder, History, Beliefs and More |url=https://world-religions.info/qadiriyya-tariqa/ |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=World Religions |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805091132/https://world-religions.info/qadiriyya-tariqa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Sheikh Sidi Ahmad al-Bakka'i of the [[Kunta family]] was born in the region of the [[Noun River (Morocco)|Noun river]], [[Akka, Morocco|Akka]], in [[Morocco]]. He established a Qadiri ''Zawiya'' or Sufi lodge in [[Walata]]. In the sixteenth century, his family spread across the [[Sahara]] to [[Timbuktu]], [[Agades]], [[Bornu Empire|Bornu]], and [[Nigeria]], and in the eighteenth century, large numbers of Kunta family members moved to the region of the middle of [[Niger]] where they established the village of Mabruk. Sidi [[al-Mukhtar al-Kunti]] (1728–1811) united the Kunta family's factions by successful negotiation, and established an extensive confederation. Under his influence, the [[Maliki]] school of [[Sharia|Islamic law]] was reinvigorated and the Qadiriyya order spread throughout [[Mauritania]], the middle Niger region, [[Guinea]], the [[Ivory Coast]], [[Futa Toro]], and [[Futa Jallon]]. Kunta settlements in the [[Senegambia|Senegambian regio]]n became centers of [[Muslim]] teaching.<ref>Ira M. Lapidus, ''A History of Islamic Societies'', Cambridge University Press, p. 409</ref>

Sheikh [[Usman dan Fodio]] (1754-1817) from [[Gobir]] popularized the Qadiri teachings in [[Nigeria]]. He was well educated in classical [[Islamic sciences|Islamic science]], philosophy, and theology. He also became a revered religious thinker. In 1789, a [[Vision (spirituality)|vision]] led him to believe he had the power to work miracles, and to teach his own mystical ''[[Wird (Sufism)|wird]]'', or [[Litany#Islam|litany]]. His litanies are still widely practiced and distributed in the Islamic world.<ref>{{Cite book |last=أمير المؤمنين الشيخ عثمان ابن فودي |url=https://archive.org/details/DalailuShehu |title=الدلائل الشيخ عثمان ابن فودي |language=Arabic}}</ref> Dan Fodio later had visions of [[Abdul Qadir Gilani]], the founder of the Qadiri tariqa, through which he was initiated into the Qadiriyya and the [[Silsila|spiritual chain of succession]] (''Silsila''), which ultimately leads back to [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|Prophet]] [[Muhammad]]. His writings dealt with Islamic concepts of the ''[[Mujaddid]]'' and the role of the [[Ulama]] in teaching history, and other works in Arabic and the [[Fula language]].<ref name=lapidus469>Lapidus, Ira M. A History of Islamic Societies. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2014. pg 469</ref>

==Features==

=== Symbolism ===
The members of the Qadiri order wear a rose in their cap embroidered to which they attach the following legendary history: "Know ye that every [[Tariqa]] or Path has its particular sign and that of the noble Qadiri order is the [[rose symbolism|rose]], the [[names of God|names]] and [[colour]]s of which have been explained by the great [[Sheikh]]s of our order."<ref name="Brown, John P. 1868 Page 89">Brown, John P. (1868). The Dervishes: or, Oriental Spiritualism. Page 89. London: Trübner and Co.{{source-attribution}}</ref> In the center of the [[rose symbolism|rose]] is a star.<ref>Brown, John P. (1868). The Dervishes: or, Oriental Spiritualism. Page 102. London: Trübner and Co.{{source-attribution}}</ref>

The [[origin myth|origin]] of the [[rose symbolism|rose]] of the members of the Qadiri order is as follows:
{{blockquote|"[[Sheikh]] [[Abdul Qadir Jilani]], under the direction of [[Khidr]], proceeded to [[Baghdad]]. When he arrived, a [[Sheikh]] sent him a cup full of water, which meant that [[Baghdad]] being full of holy men, there was no room for him. Whereupon [[Abdul Qadir Jilani]] put a rose in the cup, which meant that [[Baghdad]] would find a place for him."<ref name="Brown, John P. 1868 Page 89">Brown, John P. (1868). The Dervishes: or, Oriental Spiritualism. Page 89. London: Trübner and Co.{{source-attribution}}</ref>}}

The [[Intelligible form|form]] of the [[rose symbolism|rose]] of [[Baghdad]] is as follows: It has two outside and two inside rings, and three circles, and is made of green cloth. The first circle signifies [[Sharia]], or God's law as revealed by his Prophet, the second signifies [[Tariqa]], or the order, the third signifies [[Ma'rifa]], or knowledge of God. The three together are a sign that their acquisition has bestowed the [[Hal (Sufism)|Hal]], or condition, known as the [[Haqiqa]], or truth.<ref>Brown, John P. (1868). The Dervishes: or, Oriental Spiritualism. page 90-91. London: Trübner and Co.{{source-attribution}}</ref>

=== Chain of succession ===
The following are two commonly cited spiritual chains (silsilas) tracing back to Prophet Muhammad:
# • [[Muhammad]]
# • Imam [[Ali ibn Abi Talib]]
# • Imam Hasan Basri
# • Hazrat Sheikh Habib Ajmi
# • Hazrat Sheikh Dawud Al Tai
# • [[Ma'ruf al-Karkhi|Ma'ruf Karkhi]]
# • [[Sari al-Saqati]]
# • [[Junayd of Baghdad|Junayd al-Baghdadi]]
# • Sheikh [[Abu Bakr al-Shibli|Abu Bakr Shibli]]
# • Sheikh [[Abu al-Hasan al-Tamimi|Abdul Aziz Tamimi]]
# • [[Abu al-Fadl al-Tamimi]]
# • [[Mohammad Yousuf Abu al-Farah Tartusi|Abu al-Farah Tartusi]]
# • [[Abul Hasan Hankari|Abu al-Hasan Hankari]]
# • [[Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi]]
# • [[Abdul Qadir Gilani]]
Moulana Fakhruddin Dehlvi R.A, the spiritual predecessor of both Pir Mehr Ali Shah R.A and Shah Sulaiman Taunsvi R.A—appearing two steps above the latter and four steps above the former in their respective lineages—states in his book ''Fakhrul Hasan'' that narrations suggesting a meeting between Imam Ali al-Rida and Ma'ruf Karkhi are historically false. He asserts that the actual Qadiriyya silsila continues through Imam Hasan al-Basri.

This clarification is provided due to the repeated removal of the lineage tracing through Imam Hasan al-Basri by some editors. While efforts are generally made to avoid highlighting intra-traditional disputes, the omission of one widely accepted chain necessitated the inclusion of both versions for balance and accuracy.

Another version of the spiritual lineage, cited by some Qadiriyya traditions, is as follows:<ref>Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. "The Special Sufi Paths (Taqiras)." Muslim Communities of Grace: The Sufi Brotherhoods in Islamic Religious Life. New York: Columbia UP, 2007. 86-96.</ref><ref>Westerlund, David; Svanberg, Ingvar (2012). ''Islam Outside the Arab World''. Routledge. p. 199. {{ISBN|978-1-136-11330-7}} Retrieved 24 April 2014.</ref><ref>Sult̤ān Mohammad Najib-ur-Rehman (11 March 2015). ''Sultan Bahoo: The Life and Teachings''. Sultan-ul-Faqr Publications. {{ISBN|978-969-9795-18-3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2020-06-12 |title=Our Silsilah connects back to the Prophet Muhammad through five orders |url=https://sufischool.org/orders/our-silsilah.html |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=School of Sufi Teaching |language=en-US}}</ref>
# • [[Muhammad]]
# • Imam [[Ali ibn Abi Talib]]
# • Imam [[Husayn ibn Ali|Husayn]]
# • Imam [[Ali al-Sajjad|Zayn al-Abidin]]
# • Imam [[Muhammad al-Baqir|Muhammad Baqir]]
# • Imam [[Ja'far al-Sadiq]]
# • Imam [[Musa al-Kazim]]
# • Imam [[Ali al-Rida]]
# • [[Ma'ruf al-Karkhi|Ma'ruf Karkhi]]
# • [[Sari al-Saqati]]
# • [[Junayd of Baghdad|Junayd al-Baghdadi]]
# • Sheikh [[Abu Bakr al-Shibli|Abu Bakr Shibli]]
# • Sheikh [[Abu al-Hasan al-Tamimi|Abdul Aziz Tamimi]]
# • [[Abu al-Fadl al-Tamimi]]
# • [[Mohammad Yousuf Abu al-Farah Tartusi|Abu al-Farah Tartusi]]
# • [[Abul Hasan Hankari|Abu al-Hasan Hankari]]
# • [[Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi]]
# • [[Abdul Qadir Gilani]]

== Sub-orders ==

===Qadiri Naushahi===
The Qadiri Naushahi sub-order of the Qadiriyya was established by [[Muhammad Qadiri|Muhammad Naushah Qadiri]], famously known as Hazrat Naushah Pak in [[Gujrat City|Gujrat]], Pakistan, in the late sixteenth century.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Burkurdari|first1=Hafiz Muhammad Hayat|title=Tazkirah Noshahia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tasawuf/Sufism & teachings of Shams Ali Qalandar|url=http://shamsaliqalandar.blogspot.com/|website=Hazrat Shams Ali Qalandar blog|access-date=2015-07-30|archive-date=2019-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420041727/http://shamsaliqalandar.blogspot.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Qadiri Sarwari ===
This sub-order was started by [[Sultan Bahu]] in the seventeenth century and spread in the western part of [[Indian subcontinent]]. It follows most of the Qadiriyya's approach, although it does not follow a specific dress code nor require [[Khalwa (Sufism)|seclusion]] or other lengthy exercises. Its main purpose is the [[Dhikr|contemplation]] of God.<ref>{{cite book|author=Sult̤ān Bāhū|title=Death Before Dying: The Sufi Poems of Sultan Bahu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GlECx1j0B4IC|year=1998|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-92046-0}}=</ref>

=== Qadiri Sammani ===
The Qadiri Sammani branch is present in Sudan.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last1=Föllmer |first1=Katja |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_m4NEQAAQBAJ&dq=Qadiri+Arusi&pg=PA193 |title=Rethinking the Anthropology of Islam: Dynamics of Change in Muslim Societies. In Honour of Roman Loimeier |last2=Franke |first2=Lisa Maria |last3=Amara |first3=Ramzi Ben |date=2024-07-01 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=978-3-11-134165-1 |language=en}}</ref> In the 20th-century, the Qadiri Sammani sub-order was spread to Nigeria by the mystic Nasiru Kabara.<ref name=":3" />

=== Qadiri Mukhtari ===
This sub-order of the Qadiriyya came into being in the eighteenth century, led by [[al-Mukhtar al-Kunti]] of the western [[Sahara]] who wished to establish Qadiri Sufism as the dominant Sufi order in the region. In contrast to other sub-orders of the Qadiriyya that do not have a centralized authority, the Mukhtari sub-order is highly centralized. Its leaders focus on economic prosperity as well as spiritual well-being, sending their disciples on trade caravans as far away as Europe. The main focus of this sub-order is [[Islamic revival]]ism.<ref>Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. "The Centralized Sufi Brotherhoods." Muslim Communities of Grace: The Sufi Brotherhoods in Islamic Religious Life. New York: Columbia UP, 2007. 163–170.</ref>

===Qadiri Harari===
The supposed founder of the Qadiriyya Harari sub-order was Abu Bakr bin 'Abd Allah 'Aydarus and his [[Dargah|shrine]] is located in [[Harar]], Ethiopia.{{citation needed|date=April 2026}}It is claimed, however, that the founder of Qadiriyya Harari sub-order was a man by the name of Sheikh Hachime Harari<ref>{{Cite web|title=Qadiriyya World|url=https://www.dirulqadiriyya.com/blank-page-1|access-date=2026-04-20|website=dir-ul-qadiriyya|language=en|archive-date=2021-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050933/https://www.dirulqadiriyya.com/blank-page-1|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The shrines of the Sheikhs of this order are predominantly located in Ethiopia, likely in and around [[Harar]]. It is also recorded that two Sheikhs have their shrines in [[Borama]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Qadiriyya World|url=https://www.dirulqadiriyya.com/blank-page-1|access-date=2026-04-20|website=dir-ul-qadiriyya|language=en|archive-date=2021-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050933/https://www.dirulqadiriyya.com/blank-page-1|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The current leader of the sub-order is a Somali man named Mohamed Nasrudin bin Shaykh Ibrahim Kulmiye.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Qadiriyya World|url=https://www.dirulqadiriyya.com/blank-page-1|access-date=2021-05-13|website=dir-ul-qadiriyya|language=en|archive-date=2021-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621050933/https://www.dirulqadiriyya.com/blank-page-1|url-status=dead}}</ref> The sub-order is widespread in Djibouti, Somaliland, Ethiopia, and Somalia. Notable leaders of the sub-order include [[Uways Al-Barawi|Uways al-Barawi]], [[Sheikh Madar]], [[al-Zaylaʽi]] and [[Abadir Umar ar-Rida]].<ref>{{cite book |last= w. Abir|first= Mordechai |title= Ethiopia: The Era of the Princes; The Challenge of Islam and the Re-unification of the Christian Empire (1769-1855)|year= 1968|publisher= Longmans|location= London|page = 16}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Reese |first1=Scott S. |date=2001 |title=The Best of Guides: Sufi Poetry and Alternate Discourses of Reform in Early Twentieth-Century Somalia |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3181395 |journal=Journal of African Cultural Studies |volume=14 |issue=1 Islamic Religious Poetry in Africa |pages=49–68 |doi=10.1080/136968101750333969 |jstor=3181395 |s2cid=162001423 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=2022-12-16 |access-date=2021-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216094002/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3181395 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Qadiri Barkati ===
This sub-order was founded by Shah Barkatullah Marehrawi, an Islamic scholar, jurist, and [[Sufi]] living at the time of [[Mughal emperors|Mughal Emperor]] [[Aurangzeb]], who died on the tenth of [[Muharram]] 1142 [[Islamic calendar|AH]] or October 1729 [[Common Era|CE]]. He is buried in the Dargah-e Barkatiyya in [[Marehra]], India. One of the descendants of Shah Barkatullah Marehawi was [[Shah Al-i Rasul|Shah Al-i Rasul Marehrawi]], who was the teacher of [[Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi]],<ref name="eprints.hec.gov.pk2">Imam, Muhammad Hassan. (2005). [https://eprints.hec.gov.pk/2317/1/2172.htm The Role of the Khulafa-e-Imam Ahmed Raza Khan in the] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629110259/http://eprints.hec.gov.pk/2317/1/2172.htm|date=29 June 2015}} [[Pakistan Movement]] 1920–1947. Diss. Karachi: University of Karachi.</ref> founder of the [[Barelvi movement]] in South Asia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barelvi |url=http://www.shattariyah.blogspot.com/p/barelvi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201042023/http://www.shattariyah.blogspot.com/p/barelvi.html |archive-date=1 February 2022 |access-date=16 December 2022 |website=Qadri Shattari Silsila' Online Platform}}</ref><ref name="scribd.com2">{{Cite web |title=Chain of Light 2 Tazkera Mashaikhe Qadriya Razaviya by Muhammad Aftab Qasim Noori | PDF | Caliphate | Muhammad |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/262901829/Chain-of-Light-2-Tazkera-Mashaikhe-Qadriya-Razaviya-by-Muhammad-Aftab-Qasim-Noori |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813122023/https://www.scribd.com/document/262901829/Chain-of-Light-2-Tazkera-Mashaikhe-Qadriya-Razaviya-by-Muhammad-Aftab-Qasim-Noori |archive-date=2021-08-13 |access-date=2021-08-13 |website=Scribd}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Imam Ahmed Raza Khan |url=http://www.sunnah.org/articles/Imam_raza_ahmed_khan.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222231419/http://www.sunnah.org/articles/Imam_raza_ahmed_khan.htm |archive-date=2020-02-22 |access-date=2021-08-13 |website=sunnah.org}}</ref> Khan was initiated into the Qadiri Sufi order and was given ''[[ijazah]]'' to spread the teachings of the Qadiri, Chishti, Naqshbandi, and Suhrawardi Sufi orders. As such, followers of the Barelvi movement adhere to [[Qadiri]], [[Chisti|Chishti]], [[Naqshbandi]], [[Suhrawardiyya|Suhrawardi]] and other Sufi orders.<ref>{{cite web |date=8 October 2010 |title=Deobandi Islam vs. Barelvi Islam in South Asia |url=http://www.geocurrents.info/cultural-geography/deobandi-islam-vs-barelvi-islam-in-south-asia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114020450/http://www.geocurrents.info/cultural-geography/deobandi-islam-vs-barelvi-islam-in-south-asia |archive-date=14 January 2019 |access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Persons of the Year, the Muslim 500, the World's 500 Most Influential Muslims, 2018 |year=2017 |editor1-last=Schleifer |editor1-first=Abdallah |url=https://www.themuslim500.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/TheMuslim500-2018-low.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707202125/https://www.themuslim500.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/TheMuslim500-2018-low.pdf |archive-date=7 July 2018 |place=Amman, Jordan |publisher=The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre |isbn=978-9957-635-14-5 |editor2-last=El-Sharif |editor2-first=Farah |editor3-last=Elgawhary |editor3-first=Tarek |editor4-last=Ahmed |editor4-first=Aftab}}</ref><ref name="Esposito2003">{{cite encyclopedia |year=2003 |title=Ahl al-Sunnah wa'l-Jamaah |encyclopedia=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195125580.001.0001/acref-9780195125580-e-76?rskey=uPHzDO&result=1 |access-date=2024-12-24 |author-link= |editor-last=Esposito |editor-first=John L. |editor-link=John Esposito |isbn=978-0-19-512558-0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211140046/https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195125580.001.0001/acref-9780195125580-e-76?rskey=uPHzDO&result=1 |archive-date=2024-12-11 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="netton">{{cite encyclopedia |year=2008 |title=Tawassul |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam |publisher=Routledge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bYtmAgAAQBA |last=McLoughlin |first=Seán |editor-last=Netton |editor-first=Ian |page=88 |isbn=978-0-7007-1588-6}}</ref> Barelvi scholar [[Ameen Mian Qaudri|Muhammad Ameen Mian Qadiri]] is the present custodian of the Qadiri Barkati sub-order.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dargahinfo - Complete Collection of Dargahs World Wide |url=http://dargahinfo.com/Dargah_History.aspx?HID=109 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813160614/http://dargahinfo.com/Dargah_History.aspx?HID=109 |archive-date=2021-08-13 |access-date=2021-08-13}}</ref>

=== Qadiri Tekkesi ===
This sub-order was founded in 1738 by the Indian Sunni Muslim Sheikh Seyfullah Effendi Hintli in [[Selamsız]], and became popular among the [[Romani people in Turkey]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/bitstream/handle/20.500.12812/209305/yokAcikBilim_10317583.pdf?sequence=-1&isAllowed=y |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504152148/https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/bitstream/handle/20.500.12812/209305/yokAcikBilim_10317583.pdf?sequence=-1&isAllowed=y |archive-date=2022-05-04 |access-date=2022-05-05}}</ref> The sub-order is present in the Balkans and Turkey.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Choudhury |first=Rishad |date=2016 |title=The Hajj and the Hindi: The ascent of the Indian Sufi lodge in the Ottoman empire |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44158302 |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=50 |issue=6 |pages=1888–1931 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X15000530 |jstor=44158302 |issn=0026-749X |url-access=subscription |archive-date=2024-12-26 |access-date=2024-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226072124/https://www.jstor.org/stable/44158302 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Qadiri Arusi ===
This sub-order was founded by [[Imamul Aroos|Muhammad ibn Ahmad Lebbai]], reverentially known as Imam al-Arus, from which the sub-order gets its name. Muhammad ibn Ahmad Lebbai is a well-known Qadiri Sheikh in [[Sri Lanka]], who is seen as a [[Mujaddid|reviver of Islam]] and an advocate of communal harmony by the people of the island nation. His sub-order spread from Sri Lanka to [[Southern India|South India]], the [[Middle East]], and even the [[Far East]] parts of Russia and China.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MORNING & EVENING INVOCATIONS and THE TEN SEVENS before SUNRISE & before SUNSET |url=https://sunniport.com/index.php?attachments/morning-evening-invocations-and-the-ten-sevens-before-sunrise-before-sunset-pdf.8502/ |website=sunniport.com}}</ref>

=== Qadiri Halisi ===
The Qadiri Halisi sub-order was founded by Abdurrahman Halis. This sub-order is one of the most popular of all, and is present in Turkey as well as [[Iraq]], where the Qadiriyya was founded.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KÂDİRİYYE TARÎKATI HÂLİSİYYE ŞUBESİ'NDE İCRÂ EDİLEN FERDÎ VE CEMAATLE ZİKİRLER INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE DHIKR PERFORMED IN THE HALISIYYA BRANCH OF THE QADIRIYYA ORDER |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/3585805 |website=dergipark.org.tr |access-date=2024-12-26 |archive-date=2024-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226072125/https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/3585805 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Qadiri Bahlol Shahi ===
The Qadiri Bahlol Shahi sub-order was founded by [[Shaikh Bahlol Daryai]], also known as Shah Bahlol. He traveled across Iraq, Iran and Arabia before returning to his ancestral village near [[Chiniot]] (in present-day [[Punjab, Pakistan]]) and spreading his teachings. He assigned [[Shah Hussain|Madhu Lal Hussain]] as his [[silsila|representative]] before his death.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bilgrami |first=Fatima Z. |date=1994 |title=Contributions of the "Qadiris" to the Folk Poetry of Punjab |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44143361 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=55 |pages=225–236 |jstor=44143361 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Grewal |first=J. S. |author-link=J. S. Grewal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gZAMAQAAMAAJ |title=Lectures on History, Society, and Culture of the Punjab |date=2007 |publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University |isbn=978-81-302-0085-9 |pages=74 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Qadiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya ===
{{Main|Qadiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya}}
[[Qadiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya]] is a [[Tariqa|Sufi order]] which is a synthesis of the [[Qadiri]] and [[Naqshbandi]] orders of [[Sufism]].<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=van Bruinessen |first=Martin |author-link=Martin van Bruinessen |title=Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah di Indonesia |date=1994 |publisher=Mizan |isbn=979-433-000-0 |location=Bandung |language=ID}}</ref> The Qadiriyya wa Naqshbandiyya Sufi order traces back through its [[Silsila|chain of succession]] to [[Muhammad]], through the [[Hanbali school|Hanbali]] [[Ulama|Islamic scholar]] [[Abdul Qadir Gilani]] and the [[Hanafi school|Hanafi]] Islamic scholar [[Baha' al-Din Naqshband|Shah Baha al-Din Naqshband]], combining both of their Sufi orders.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="auto3">Tazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan(Stammesverzeichnis der Hazrat Ishaan Kaste)(verfasst und geschriben von: Yasin Qasvari Naqshbandi Verlag: Talimat Naqshbandiyya in Lahore), p. 281</ref> The order has a major presence in three countries, namely [[Pakistan]], [[India]], and [[Indonesia]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Shah |first=Sayid Ashraf |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1iVTEAAAQBAJ&dq=khwaja+khawand+mahmud&pg=PA106 |title=Flower Garden: Posh-i-Chaman |date=2021-12-06 |publisher=Ashraf Fazili |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Pondok Pesantren SURYALAYA |url=https://www.suryalaya.org/tqn1.html |access-date=2024-10-21 |website=www.suryalaya.org}}</ref>

===Kasnazani===
{{main|kasnazani}}
At-Tariqah Al-Aliyyah Al-Qadiriyyah Al-Kasnazaniyyah is the largest Sufi order in [[Iraq]], and is also popular in [[Iran]]. Its headquarters lie in [[Sulaymaniyah]], Iraq. It is led by Sheikh [[Nehro Mohammed]].

== See also ==
{{Portal|Islam}}
* [[Sufism]]
* [[Abdul Qadir Gilani]]
* [[Dhikr]]
*[[List of Sufi orders|Sufi orders]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. "The Special Sufi Paths (Taqiras)", in ''Muslim Communities of Grace: The Sufi Brotherhoods in Islamic Religious Life''. New York: Columbia UP, 2007. 86–96.
* Chopra, R. M., ''Sufism'', 2016, Anuradha Prakashan, New Delhi {{ISBN|978-93-85083-52-5}}
* "Halisa and the Distinguished Ones", Mehmet Albayrak, Ankara, 1993, Turkey

==External links==
* Internet Archive: [https://archive.org/details/tariqat-al-qadiriyya-the-method-of-shaykh-abd-al-qadir-al-jilani The Sufi Order of Shaykh 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani]

{{Sufi}}
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[[Category:Qadiri order| ]]
[[Category:Sunni Sufi orders]]

Qadiri Order - Revision history

StephanieWentwor at 16:02, 20 April 2026