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			{{Short description\|Ancient Hindu Philosophical text}}
	{{Hindu scriptures}}		{{Hindu scriptures}}

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	[[Category:Ancient Indian literature]]		[[Category:Ancient Indian literature]]
	~~[[Category:Hindu texts]]~~
	[[Category:Indian philosophy]]		[[Category:Indian philosophy]]
	[[Category:~~Sutra literature~~]]		[[Category:Sutras (Hinduism)]]
	[[Category:3rd-century BC works]]		[[Category:3rd-century BC works]]

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{{Hindu scriptures}}

The '''Mimamsa Sutra''' ({{lang-sa|मीमांसा सूत्र}}, {{IAST|Mīmāṁsā Sūtra}}) or the '''Purva Mimamsa Sutras''' (ca. 300–200 BCE<ref name=hiriyanna>{{cite book|last=Hiriyanna|first=M.|title=The Essentials of Indian Philosophy|year=1995|publisher=Motilal Banrasidass|location=Delhi|isbn=81-208-1330-8|pages=130|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeRIP-TuKLAC&q=mimamsa+sutra+twelve+chapters&pg=PA130}}</ref>), written by [[Rishi]] [[Jaimini]] is one of the most important ancient Hindu philosophical texts. It forms the basis of [[Mimamsa]], the earliest of the six orthodox schools ([[darshanas]]) of [[Indian philosophy]]. According to tradition, sage Jaimini was one of the disciples of sage [[Veda Vyasa]], the author of the [[Mahabharata]].

==Overview==
The work is divided into twelve ''adhyaya''s (chapters), which are further divided into sixty ''padas'' (sections).<ref name=hiriyanna/>

The text provides rules for the interpretation of the Vedas and also provides philosophical justifications for the observance of Vedic rituals, by offering meaning and significance of Vedic rituals to attain Moksha.<ref>[http://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de/ebene_1/fiindolo/gretil/1_sanskr/6_sastra/3_phil/mimamsa/jaimsutu.htm Jaimini: Mimamsasutra at Sansknet project] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609165015/http://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de/ebene_1/fiindolo/gretil/1_sanskr/6_sastra/3_phil/mimamsa/jaimsutu.htm |date=2007-06-09 }}</ref>

==Commentaries==
Over the centuries many commentaries were written on this text, most important being the ''Śabara Bhāṣya'' written by [[Śābara]], the only extant commentary on all the 12 chapters of the Mimamsa Sutras of Jaimini.
<ref>[http://www.chinfo.org/Project.asp?ProjectId=2 Shabara Bhashya at Chinmaya Mission] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040713015220/http://chinfo.org/Project.asp?ProjectId=2 |date=2004-07-13 }}</ref> The major commentaries written on the text as well as the ''Śabara Bhāṣya'' were by [[Kumarila Bhatta]] and [[Prabhākara|Prabhakara Mishra]].

==Philosophy==
Jaimini, in his ''Mimamsa Sutra'', presents material activity and its results as the whole of reality (vipanam rtam). He and later proponents of [[Karma-mimamsa]] philosophy teach that material existence is endless, that there is no liberation. For Mimamsas, the cycle of [[karma]] is perpetual, and the best one can aim for is higher birth among the [[Deva (Hinduism)|Deva]]s. Therefore, they hold that the whole purpose of the [[Vedas]] is to engage human beings in rituals for creating good karma, and consequently the mature soul's prime responsibility is to ascertain the exact meaning of the Vedas' sacrificial injunctions and to execute them.
{{Cquote|Codana-laksano 'rtho dharmah: "Duty is that which is indicated by the injunctions of the Vedas."(Mimamsa Sutra 1.1.2)}}

==Content==
Mimamsa Sutra consists of twelve chapters:<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cowell |first1=E. B. |last2=Gough |first2=A. E. |title=The Sarva-Darsana-Samgraha or Review of the Different Systems of Hindu Philosophy: Trubner's Oriental Series |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xkrCRbOq-HUC |year=2001 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-415-24517-3 |pages=178–179 }}</ref>

* In the first chapter import of the collections of words which have various meanings is discussed. Such as, injunction (vidhi), explanatory passage (arthavada), hymn (mantra), tradition (smriti) etc.
* In the second chapter, discussions relating to the difference of various rites, refutation of erroneously proofs etc. are held.
* In the third chapter, [[sruti]], sense of the passage (linga), context (vakya), and their respective weight when in apparent opposition to one another, the ceremonies called pratipatti-karmdni, things mentioned incidentally (anarabhyadhita) and the duties of the sacrifices are expounded.
* In the fourth chapter, the influence on other rites of the principal and subordinate rites, the fruit caused by the juhu and dice-playing, which forms a subordinate part of the [[rajasuya]] sacrifice are explained.
* Fifth chapter discusses relative order of various passages of sruti, different parts of sacrifice etc.
* In the sixth chapter, the persons qualified to offer sacrifices, their obligations, the substitutes for materials used in sacrifices, expiatory rites and the different sacrificial fires are made clear.
* In the seventh and eight chapters, transference of ceremonies and transference by virtue from one sacrifice to another are discussed.
* In the ninth chapter, adaptation of hymns when quoted in a new context (uha), and melodies(samans) and mantras are discussed.
* In the tenth, the discussion revolves around the non-performance of the primary rites and dependent rites, offerings to [[graha]]s etc.
* In the eleventh chapter, there is discussion on tantra (combining several acts one), and avapa (performance of an act more than once).
* In the twelfth chapter, prasanga, tantra and cumulation of concurrent rites (samuchchaya) is explained.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=P4V6BE1_bdwC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Mimamsa Sutras Of Jaimini], translated by Mohan Lal Sandal
* [https://archive.org/details/mimamsasutra00jaimuoft Full Text of the Mimamsa Sutra], on archive.org

{{Indian philosophy}}

[[Category:Ancient Indian literature]]
[[Category:Hindu texts]]
[[Category:Indian philosophy]]
[[Category:Sutra literature]]
[[Category:3rd-century BC works]]

Purva Mimamsa Sutras - Revision history

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