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Reverted 1 edit by 106.67.35.44 (talk) to last revision by KNHaw

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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Purnia}}
{{short description|District in Bihar, India}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2009}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Purnia district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Bihar|District of Bihar]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_map = Bihar district location map Purnia.svg
| map_caption = Location of Purnia district in Bihar
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Purnia
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of Bihar|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Purnia division|Purnia]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 14 February 1770
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Purnia]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = *Purnia East
*Kasba
*Krityanand Nagar
* Srinagar
*Jalalgarh
*Dagarua
*Baisi
*Amour
*Baisa
*Banmankhi
*Dhamdaha
*Bhawanipur
*Barhara Kothi
* Rupauli
| area_total_km2 = 3229
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 3,264,619
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 52.09 per cent
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 921
| demographics1_title3 = Major [[South Asian ethnic groups|ethnolinguistic group]]
| demographics1_info3 = [[Maithils]]<ref>https://m.aajtak.in/elections/lok-sabha-election-2019/story/purnia-lok-sabha-election-result-2019-live-updates-will-santosh-kumar-win-again-from-this-seat-1085204-2019-05-23</ref>
| leader_title = [[District Magistrate]]
| leader_name = Mr. Rahul Kumar
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Purnia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purnia]], [[Katihar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Katihar]] and [[Kishanganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kishanganj]]
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = [[Amour (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Amour]], [[Baisi]], [[Kasba, Purnia (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kasba]], [[Banmankhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Banmankhi]], [[Rupauli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rupauli]], [[Dhamdaha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhamdaha]], [[Purnia (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Purnia]],
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate = BR-11
| blank_name_sec1 = [[National Highway (India)|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = *{{jct|NH|27|country=IND}}
* {{jct|NH|31|country=IND}}
*{{jct|NH|231|country=IND}}
*{{jct|NH|131A|country=IND}}
| blank_name_sec2 = Major Railway Lines
| blank_info_sec2 = *[[Barauni-Katihar section|Barauni-Katihar, Saharsa and Purnia sections]]

*[[Barauni-Guwahati line]]
| website =
| image_skyline = IMG-20210214-WA0014.jpg
| caption = Ruins of a guesthouse
| official_name =
}}

'''Purnia District''' is one of the thirty-eight [[Districts of Bihar|districts]] of the Indian state of [[Bihar]]. The city of [[Purnia]] is the administrative headquarters of this district. The city of Purnia has continued its tradition of hoisting the national flag at 12:07 am on every Independence Day since 1947. Purnia district is a part of [[Purnia Division]]. The district extends northwards from the [[Ganges]] river. Purnia is the unofficial capital of [[Purnia division|Seemanchal]] due to its financial and educational importance.

==History==
Purnia is part of the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0i94Z5C8HMC&pg=PA27|title=Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective|first=Makhan|last=Jha|date=21 September 1997|publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd.|isbn=9788175330344|via=Google Books}}</ref> Mithila first gained prominence after it was settled by [[Indo-Aryan peoples]] who established the [[Mithila Kingdom]] (also called Kingdom of the Videhas).<ref>[[Michael Witzel]] (1989), ''Tracing the Vedic dialects in Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes'' ed. Caillat, Paris, pages 13, 17 116–124, 141–143</ref>

During the late Vedic period (c. 1100–500 BCE), Videha became one of the major political and cultural centers of Ancient India, along with Kuru and Pañcāla. The kings of the Videha Kingdom were called [[Janaka]]s.<ref>{{cite book |author=Witzel, M. |author-link=Michael Witzel |year=1989 |chapter=Tracing the Vedic dialects |title=Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes |location=Paris |editor1-last=Caillat |editor1-first=C. |pages=141–143 |publisher=Fondation Hugot}}</ref> The Videha Kingdom was later incorporated into the [[Vajji]] confederacy, which had its capital in the city of [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vaishali]], which is also in Mithila.<ref>{{cite book |author=Hemchandra, R. |year=1972 |title=Political History of Ancient India |location=Calcutta |publisher=University of Calcutta}}</ref>

During the Mughal rule, Purnea was an outlying military province, and its revenue was mostly spent on protecting its borders against tribes from the north and east.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V20_420.gif|title=Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 20, page 414 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library|website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}</ref> After the capture of [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] in 1757, Purnia's local governor raised a rebellion against [[Siraj ud-Daulah]]. In 1765, the district became a British possession, along with the rest of [[Bengal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V20_421.gif|title=Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 20, page 415 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library|website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}</ref> On February 14, 1770 the district of Purnia in modern history was formed by the [[East India Company]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Purnia-district-foundation-day/articleshow/11894521.cms|title=Purnia district foundation day - Times of India}}</ref>

Purnia is known for its uniquely designed organization, [[Ramakrishna Mission]], where the festival called [[Durga Puja]] is celebrated in October. Another attraction in the city of Purnia is the oldest temple of Mata Puran Devi which is 5 km away from the main city. It is theorized that Purnia received its name from this temple. Other theories also describe how Purnia received its name; which is, that in the past Purnia was named Purna– Aranya, which stands for "complete jungle."

Three districts were partitioned off from Purnia district: [[Katihar district|Katihar]] in 1976,<ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 2011-10-11 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 2011-09-25 | work = Statoids}}</ref> [[Araria district|Araria]] and [[Kishanganj district|Kishanganj]] in 1990.<ref name='Statoids'/>

==Geography==
Purnia district occupies {{convert|3229|km2|sqmi}},<ref name='Reference Annual'>{{cite book | last1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1118–1119 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref> comparable to the [[Solomon Islands]]' [[Makira Island]].<ref name='Islands'>{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | access-date = 2011-10-11 | date = 1998-02-18 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Program]] | quote = Makira 3,190km2}}</ref> It is a depressed tract, consisting for the most part of a rich, [[loam]]y [[alluvial]] soil. It is traversed by several rivers flowing from the [[Himalayas]], which afford great advantages of irrigation and water-carriage. Its major rivers are the [[Koshi River|Kosi]], the [[Mahananda River|Mahananda]], the Suwara Kali, the [[Kari Kosi|Kari kosi]], the [[Saura river|Saura]] and the Koli. In the west, the soil is thickly covered with sand deposited by changes in the course of the Kosi. Among other rivers are the Mahananda and the Panar. Its major agricultural products are [[jute]] and [[banana]].

==Divisions==
Purnia district has four subdivisions: [[Purnea|Purnea Sadar]], [[Banmankhi]], [[Baisi]] and [[Dhamdaha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhamdaha]].

===Blocks===
They are further divided into fourteen [[Community development block in India|blocks]]:
*[[Purnia|Purnia East]]
*[[Kasba (Purnia)|Kasba]]
*[[Jalalgarh]]
*[[Krityanand Nagar]]
*[[Srinagar (Purnia)|Srinagar]]
*[[Banmankhi]]
*[[Dhamdaha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dhamdaha]]
*[[Barhara Kothi]]
*[[Bhawanipur (community development block)|Bhawanipur]]
*[[Rupauli]]
*[[Baisi]]
*[[Baisa]]
*[[Amour, Bihar|Amour]]
*[[Dagarua (Purnia)|Dagarua]]
These contain 246 panchayats with 1,450 villages.

==Demographics==
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Purnia District
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|60.94}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|38.46}}
{{bar percent|Not Stated|black|0.26}}
{{bar percent|Christian|blue|0.24}}
{{bar percent|Jain|brown|0.04}}
{{bar percent|Sikh|olive|0.02}}
{{bar percent|Others|grey|0.02}}
{{bar percent|Buddhist|yellow|0.01}}
}}
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Purnia district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 3,264,619,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Mauritania]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Mauritania 3,681,634 July 2011 est. }}</ref> or the US state of [[Iowa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=2011-09-30| quote =Iowa 3,046,355
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 105th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 1014 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 28.66%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Purnia has a [[sex ratio]] of 930 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 58.23%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 33.68% of the population in the district spoke [[Hindi]], 18.62% [[Urdu]], 10.72% [[Maithili language|Maithili]], 8.73% [[Surjapuri language|Surjapuri]], 4.51% [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and 2.57% [[Santali language|Santali]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=4,78,222|13=1911|14=5,13,879|15=1921|16=5,48,740|17=1931|18=5,93,534|19=1941|20=6,46,133|21=1951|22=6,85,744|23=1961|24=9,38,810|25=1971|26=11,91,510|27=1981|28=15,18,223|29=1991|30=18,78,885|31=2001|32=25,43,942|33=2011|34=32,64,619|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=middle}}

==Economy==
Recently, [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation]] has started exploring purnia basin for crude oil and Natural gas reserves. Estimations show that there might be about 465 million tonnes of reserves in the basin.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shankar|first=A.|date=2007-02-15|title=ONGC eyes Bihar for oil exploration|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/ongc-eyes-bihar-for-oil-exploration-107021501014_1.html|access-date=2021-01-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-02|title=ONGC walks away with all 7 oil, gas blocks on offer in latest bid round|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/ongc-walks-away-with-all-7-oil-gas-blocks-on-offer-in-latest-bid-round/1810909/|access-date=2021-01-10|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Culture==
===Shrines===
Some major Hindu temples of Purnea are Puran Devi temple; which is sometimes credited for the name of the city, the Kali Mandir of old purnea city on the bank of [[Saura river]], the Maata Asthan in Chunapur, Panchmukhi Temple in line bazaar, the Rani Sati Mandir in Kasba, Prahlad Stambh in [[Banmankhi]], and Dhima Shiv Mandir in Dhima, Banmankhi. The city also has the Darghah of Hazrat Mustafa Jamalul Haque Bandagi, Chimni Bazar. An "Urs" in the form of Mela ( village fair) is organized on the 7th day after Eid-Ul-Azha and continues up to 3 days every year. The 'Dargah and Khanquah Alia Mustafia' is located 7 km away from the main city. It is famous for spirituality, communal harmony and [[Sufism]]. Its history extends for 400 years, when Hazrat Bandagi came from [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]], Uttar Pradesh visiting several Khanqahs and Dargahs across India such as the Pandawa Sharif, the Bihar Sharif, etc. The Darghah is playing a major role to spread culture, education, kindness, secularism and spiritual spirits in Northeast Bihar since its establishment. Deorhi at Garbanili (Purnea) hosts the ruins of Kala Bhawan the ancient Darbar (Palace) of Raja Kalanand Singh, where his successor still lives.

The [[Jalalgarh Fort|Jalalgadh Fort]] is a place of historical importance situated in Jalalgadh division.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://purnea.nic.in/ Official website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110430232031/http://www.allaboutbihar.com/districts/purnia/index.php Purnia Information Portal]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Purnia district
|North = [[Araria district]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Kishanganj district]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Katihar district]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Madhepura district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Districts of Bihar}}
{{Minority Concentrated Districts in India}}
{{Purnia Division}}
{{Purnia Division topics}}

{{Authority control}}

List of Freedom Fighters of Purnea District

1. Shri Jibatsh Sharma 'Himanshu' native of Kajha Village, Block Krityanand Nagar, District Purnea

[[Category:Purnia district| ]]
[[Category:1770 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Districts of Bihar]]
[[Category:Minority Concentrated Districts in India]]
[[Category:Purnia division]]

Purnia district - Revision history

imported>KNHaw: Reverted 1 edit by 106.67.35.44 (talk) to last revision by KNHaw