Purandar Fort - Revision history

Deepanboopathy at 17:59, 19 November 2025

2025-11-19T17:59:48Z

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	\|partof =		\|partof =
	\|location = [[Pune district]], [[Maharashtra]]		\|location = [[Pune district]], [[Maharashtra]]
	\|caption = ~~Purandhar~~ Fort		\|caption = Purandar Fort
	\|map_type=India#India Maharashtra		\|map_type=India#India Maharashtra
	\|map_size = 300		\|map_size = 300
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	\|coordinates = {{coord\|18\|16\|50.8\|N\|73\|58\|25\|E}}		\|coordinates = {{coord\|18\|16\|50.8\|N\|73\|58\|25\|E}}
	\|materials = Stone		\|materials = Stone
	\|height = ~~1390 mt.~~		\|height = {{convert\|1374\|m\|ft}}
	\|used =		\|used =
	\|condition = Ruins		\|condition = Ruins
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	}}		}}

	'''Purandar Fort''' is a mountain fort in [[Pune district]] in [[Western India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]], India. The fort stands at ~~4,472 ~~ft ~~(1,390 m)~~ above ~~the~~ sea level in the [[Western Ghats]], 50~~ ~~km to the southeast of [[Pune]].		'''Purandar Fort''' is a mountain fort in [[Pune district]] in the [[Western India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]], India. The fort stands at {{convert\|1374\|m\|ft}} above sea level in the [[Western Ghats]], {{convert\|50\|km\|mi}} to the southeast of [[Pune]].<ref name="soi-47f15">Survey of India - Scale 1:50K Map sheet number 47F/15</ref>

	The twin forts of Purandar and Vajragad (or Rudramal) of which the latter is the smaller of the two, is located on the eastern side of the main fort. The village of [[Purandar taluka\|Purandar]] takes its name from this fort.<ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/this-monsoon-visit-the-mystical-purandar-fort-near-pune/story-C8TJVMjOWBn16HziHCRTeN.html This monsoon visit Purandar fort]</ref> It is the birthplace of ~~Dharmaveer~~ Chatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj.<ref name = express>[http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/MaharashtraTourism/Default.aspx?strpage=../MaharashtraTourism/TouristDelight/Forts/PurandarFort.html Maharashtra state tourism site]</ref>		The twin forts of Purandar (or Indraneel Parwat) and Vajragad (or Rudramal) of which the latter is the smaller of the two, is located on the eastern side of the main fort rising {{convert\|1347\|m\|ft}} above sea level.<ref name="soi-47f15"/> The village of [[Purandar taluka\|Purandar]] takes its name from this fort.<ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/this-monsoon-visit-the-mystical-purandar-fort-near-pune/story-C8TJVMjOWBn16HziHCRTeN.html This monsoon visit Purandar fort]</ref> It is the birthplace of Chatrapati [[Sambhaji Maharaj]].<ref name = express>[http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/MaharashtraTourism/Default.aspx?strpage=../MaharashtraTourism/TouristDelight/Forts/PurandarFort.html Maharashtra state tourism site]</ref>

	== History ==		== History ==
	The oldest known reference to the Purandar dates back to the [[Yadava dynasty]] in the 11th century.{{cn\|date=March 2022}}		The oldest known reference to the existence of the Purandar fort dates back to the [[Yadava dynasty]] in the 11th century.{{cn\|date=March 2022}}

	After the ~~defeat~~ of the ~~Yadavas by the [[Persians\|Persian]] invaders~~,~~{{cn\|date=March 2022}}~~ the territory surrounding the fort fell into the hands of the ~~Persians~~ who further fortified the Purandar Fort in 1350 A.D. During the early rule of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate\|Bijapur]] and [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate\|Ahmednagar]] kings, ~~The~~ Purandar Fort was among the forts directly under the ~~Government~~ rule and was never entrusted to [[Jagirdar]]s.<ref name=gazette>{{Citation \| last=Hunter\| first=William\| title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India\| publisher=Trubner and Co.\| place=London\| year=1886\| url = https://archive.org/stream/imperialgazettee11hunt/imperialgazettee11hunt_djvu.txt\| access-date = 2009-01-18}}</ref>		After the end of the Yadava dynasty, the territory surrounding the fort fell into the hands of the invaders who further fortified the Purandar Fort in 1350 A.D. During the early rule of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate\|Bijapur]] and [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate\|Ahmednagar]] kings, Purandar Fort was among the forts directly under the government rule and was never entrusted to [[Jagirdar]]s.<ref name=gazette>{{Citation \| last=Hunter\| first=William\| title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India\| publisher=Trubner and Co.\| place=London\| year=1886\| url = https://archive.org/stream/imperialgazettee11hunt/imperialgazettee11hunt_djvu.txt\| access-date = 2009-01-18}}</ref>

	Under the rule of the [[~~Berar~~ Sultanate]], the fort was besieged several times. To prevent the Purandar Fort from ever falling again, a sacrificial ritual was performed where a man and a woman were buried alive under one of the fort bastions to appease its patron deity.<ref>[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/Solapur/appendix_c.html#1 ''Sholapur District Gazetteer'']</ref> Another ritual was soon performed where the king ordered a minister to bury a first-born son and his mother into the foundation of the bastion which was promptly done with a further offering of gold and bricks. When the bastion was finished, ~~The~~ minister, Yesaji Naik, was given possession of the Purandar Fort and the father of the sacrificed boy was rewarded with two villages.<ref name="Toy, 1965">{{cite book\|last=Toy\|first=Sidney\|title=The Fortified Cities of India\|url=https://archive.org/details/fortifiedcitieso0000toys\|url-access=registration\|year=1965\|publisher=Heinemann Educational Books Ltd.\|location=London\|page=[https://archive.org/details/fortifiedcitieso0000toys/page/51 51]}}</ref>		Under the rule of the [[Bahamani Sultanate]], the fort was besieged several times. To prevent the Purandar Fort from ever falling again, a sacrificial ritual was performed where a man and a woman were buried alive under one of the fort bastions to appease its patron deity.<ref>[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/Solapur/appendix_c.html#1 ''Sholapur District Gazetteer'']</ref> Another ritual was soon performed where the king ordered a minister to bury a first-born son and his mother into the foundation of the bastion which was promptly done with a further offering of gold and bricks. When the bastion was finished, the minister, Yesaji Naik, was given possession of the Purandar Fort and the father of the sacrificed boy was rewarded with two villages.<ref name="Toy, 1965">{{cite book\|last=Toy\|first=Sidney\|title=The Fortified Cities of India\|url=https://archive.org/details/fortifiedcitieso0000toys\|url-access=registration\|year=1965\|publisher=Heinemann Educational Books Ltd.\|location=London\|page=[https://archive.org/details/fortifiedcitieso0000toys/page/51 51]}}</ref>

	In 1596 A.D, the ''Bahudar Shah'' of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]] granted the territory of "Pune" and "Supa" to [[~~Maloji~~ Bhosale]], the grandfather of Shivaji.{{cn\|date=May 2021}} The Purandar Fort was included in the territory.		To protest Adilshahi commander Fatehkhan in 1649 Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj took the charge of fort temporarily from Raje Mahadaji Neelkanthrao Sarnaik who was his father's friend and commander of Purandar for 4 generations. On the occasion of Diwali in 1656 after 2 years of death of Mahadajipant Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj took advantage of family disputes in Mahadajipant's 4 sons Neelkanth, Shankar, Tryambak/Pilaji and Vishwanath/Visaji and captured the fort.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.495002/page/n10/mode/1up \| title=Shivcharitrya Sahitya Vol-3 \| date=1930 }}</ref> In 1596 A.D, the ''Bahudar Shah'' of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]] granted the territory of "Pune" and "Supa" to [[Malojiraje Bhosale]], the grandfather of Shivaji.{{cn\|date=May 2021}} The Purandar Fort was included in the territory.

	[[File:Vajragad fort.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Vajragad Fort]]		[[File:Vajragad fort.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Vajragad Fort]]

	In ~~1646~~ A.D, Shivaji, still in his youth, in one of his first victories for the [[Maratha Empire]], raided and established control of the fort. In 1665 A.D, the Purandar Fort was besieged by the forces of [[Aurangzeb]], under the command of [[Jai Singh II]] and assisted by [[Diler Khan]]. [[~~Murarbaji~~ Deshpande]] of ~~Mahr~~, who was appointed as the ''killedar'' (keeper of the fort), offered strong resistance against the Mughal forces ultimately giving up his life in a struggle to retain the fort. Shivaji, daunted at the prospect of the fall of his grandfather's fort, signed a treaty known as the [[Treaty of Purandar (1665)\|First Treaty of Purandar]] with [[Aurangzeb]] in 1665. According to the treaty, Shivaji handed over twenty-three forts including Purandar, and a territory with a revenue of four lakh ''[[Shivrai\|hons]] and was made the ''[[jagirdar]]'' of the territory.		In 1649 A.D, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, still in his youth, in one of his first victories for the [[Maratha Empire]], raided and established control of the fort. In 1665 A.D, the Purandar Fort was besieged by the forces of [[Aurangzeb]], under the command of [[Jai Singh I\|Jai Singh]] and assisted by [[Diler Khan]]. [[Murar Baji Deshpande]] of [[Mahad]], who was appointed as the ''killedar'' (keeper of the fort), offered strong resistance against the Mughal forces ultimately giving up his life in a struggle to retain the fort. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, daunted at the prospect of the fall of his grandfather's fort, signed a treaty known as the [[Treaty of Purandar (1665)\|First Treaty of Purandar]] with [[Aurangzeb]] in 1665. According to the treaty, Shivaji handed over twenty-three forts including Purandar, and a territory with a revenue of four lakh [[Shivrai\|hons]] and was made the [[jagirdar]] of the territory. On 8th March 1670 the fort was recaptured by Neelakanth Sondev Bhadanekar, Amatya/Mazumdar of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj''.<ref>{{cite book \|url=https://archive.org/details/ShivcharitraPradip/page/n53/mode/1up \|title=Jedhe Shakavali}}</ref>''

	In ~~1670~~ A.D, the ~~truce did not last long as Shivaji revolted against Aurangzeb~~ and ~~recaptured Purandar after just five years~~.		During the tenure of Chhatrapati Rajaram Maharaj (1689-1700) Mughal captured the fort once again but soon Marathas took the charge back under the leadership of Sachiv/Suranvis Shankaraji Narayan Gandekar.<ref>{{cite book \|title= Marathyanche Swatantrya Samar Chhatrapati Rajaram \|url=https://www.sspuranik.com/ssp_books/books_prefaces/SwatantryaSamar_2_preface.pdf
			}}</ref> [[Balaji Vishwanath]]'s family took the shelter on this fort when Krishnarav Khatavkar attacked on Balajipant.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Marathi Riyasat Madhya Vibhag \|author=Govind Sakharam Sardesai \|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.476401/page/n1/mode/1up}}</ref> Peshwa [[Nanasaheb]] took the fort from Shankarajipant's descendants and gave it to Madahev Ambaji a.k.a. Baba Purandare. In 1674 A.D. old guardians Of purender named [[Ramoshi]] and [[Mahadev Koli]] people rebelled against Neelkanth Mahadev a.k.a. Aba Purandare and captured the fort. On the condition of deposing Aba Purandare and Shankar Ganesh a.k.a. Baba Sarnaik they return the fort to Peshwa.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Purandare Daftar Volume 3 \|author=Krishnaji Vasudev Purandare \|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.66552}}</ref>

	Under the [[Peshwa]] rule, the Purandar Fort acted as a stronghold whenever their capital city of [[Pune]] was under attack. In 1776 A.D, a treaty was signed between the [[British Raj]] and the [[Maratha Empire\|Maratha States]] known as the [[Treaty of Purandar (1665)\|Second Treaty of Purandar]]. Its conditions were never fulfilled, being overruled by the subsequent [[Treaty of Salbai]] in 1782 between the [[East India Company\|Bombay Government]] and [[Raghunathrao]], at the close of the [[First Anglo-Maratha War]].<ref name=gazette/>		Under the [[Peshwa]] rule, the Purandar Fort acted as a stronghold whenever their capital city of [[Pune]] was under attack. In 1776 A.D, a treaty was signed between the [[British Raj]] and the [[Maratha Empire\|Maratha States]] known as the [[Treaty of Purandar (1665)\|Second Treaty of Purandar]]. Its conditions were never fulfilled, being overruled by the subsequent [[Treaty of Salbai]] in 1782 between the [[East India Company\|Bombay Government]] and [[Raghunathrao]], at the close of the [[First Anglo-Maratha War]].<ref name=gazette/>

	In 1790, it was conquered by a [[Koli people\|Koli]] chief Kuroji Naik and a Victory Bastion also erected here.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=95o5AAAAIAAJ&q=Chive+koli&pg=PA430\|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Poona (2 pts.)\|date=1885\|publisher=Government Central Press\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://gazetteers.maharashtra.gov.in/cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Poona%20District/places_p.html#.\|title=Maharashtra Gazetteers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bZ8EAAAAQAAJ&q=Koorojee&pg=RA2-PA56\|title=Transactions of the Medical and Physical Society of Bombay\|date=1862\|language=en}}</ref>		In 1790, it was conquered by a [[Koli people\|Koli]] chief [[Kuroji Naik]] and a Victory Bastion also erected here.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=95o5AAAAIAAJ&q=Chive+koli&pg=PA430\|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Poona (2 pts.)\|date=1885\|publisher=Government Central Press\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://gazetteers.maharashtra.gov.in/cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Poona%20District/places_p.html#.\|title=Maharashtra Gazetteers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bZ8EAAAAQAAJ&q=Koorojee&pg=RA2-PA56\|title=Transactions of the Medical and Physical Society of Bombay\|date=1862\|language=en}}</ref>

	In 1818, the Purandar Fort was invaded by a [[United Kingdom\|British]] force under General Pritzler. On 14 March 1818, a British garrison marched into Vajragad (the smaller fort). As Vajragad commanded Purandar, the commandant had to accept terms and the British flag was hoisted at Purandar on 16 March 1818. During the [[British Raj]], the fort was used as a prison. During World War II, it was an internment camp for enemy-alien (i.e. [[Germany\|German]]) families. Jews from Germany were interned. A German prisoner, [[Dr. H. Goetz]] was held here during [[World War II]]. He studied the fort during his stay and later published a book on it. The fort's major use however, was as a [[sanatorium]] for the British soldiers.<ref name=express/>		In 1818, the Purandar Fort was invaded by a [[United Kingdom\|British]] force under General Pritzler. On 14 March 1818, a British garrison marched into Vajragad (the smaller fort). As Vajragad commanded Purandar, the commandant had to accept terms and the British flag was hoisted at Purandar on 16 March 1818. During the [[British Raj]], the fort was used as a prison. During World War II, it was an internment camp for enemy-alien (i.e. [[Germany\|German]]) families. Jews from Germany were interned. A German prisoner, [[Dr. H. Goetz]] was held here during [[World War II]]. He studied the fort during his stay and later published a book on it. The fort's major use however, was as a [[sanatorium]] for the British soldiers.<ref name=express/>
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	== See also ==		== See also ==
			* [[Chivhe Koli]]
	* [[List of forts in Maharashtra]]		* [[List of forts in Maharashtra]]

103.200.105.170 at 07:19, 9 August 2022

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← Older revision		Revision as of 12:49, 9 August 2022
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			{{Short description\|Fort in Maharashtra, India}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2015}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2015}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=January 2015}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=January 2015}}
	{{Infobox military installation		{{Infobox military installation
			\|image=Purandar_Fort_-_AB.jpg
	\|name = Purandar Fort		\|name = Purandar Fort
	\|native_name = ~~पुरंदर किल्ला~~		\|native_name =
	\|partof =		\|partof =
	\|location = [[Pune district]], [[Maharashtra]]		\|location = [[Pune district]], [[Maharashtra]]
	\|caption = Purandhar Fort ~~Entrance~~		\|caption = Purandhar Fort
	\|map_type=India#India Maharashtra		\|map_type=India#India Maharashtra
	\|map_size = 300		\|map_size = 300
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	}}		}}

	'''Purandar Fort''' is ~~known as the birthplace of~~ [[~~Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj~~]]~~, the son of~~ [[~~Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj~~]]~~.<ref name = express>~~[~~http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/MaharashtraTourism/Default.aspx?strpage=../MaharashtraTourism/TouristDelight/Forts/PurandarFort.html~~ Maharashtra ~~state tourism site~~]~~</ref>~~ The fort ~~of Purandhar~~ stands at 4,472 ft (1,390 m) above the sea level in the [[Western Ghats]], 50 km to the southeast of [[Pune]].		'''Purandar Fort''' is a mountain fort in [[Pune district]] in [[Western India]]n state of [[Maharashtra]], India. The fort stands at 4,472 ft (1,390 m) above the sea level in the [[Western Ghats]], 50 km to the southeast of [[Pune]].

	The twin forts of Purandar and Vajragad (or Rudramal) of which the latter is the smaller of the two, is located on the eastern side of the main fort. The village of [[Purandar taluka\|Purandar]] takes its name from this fort.<ref>~~This monsoon visit Purandar fort:~~https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/this-monsoon-visit-the-mystical-purandar-fort-near-pune/story-C8TJVMjOWBn16HziHCRTeN.html</ref>		The twin forts of Purandar and Vajragad (or Rudramal) of which the latter is the smaller of the two, is located on the eastern side of the main fort. The village of [[Purandar taluka\|Purandar]] takes its name from this fort.<ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/this-monsoon-visit-the-mystical-purandar-fort-near-pune/story-C8TJVMjOWBn16HziHCRTeN.html This monsoon visit Purandar fort]</ref> It is the birthplace of Dharmaveer Chatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj.<ref name = express>[http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/MaharashtraTourism/Default.aspx?strpage=../MaharashtraTourism/TouristDelight/Forts/PurandarFort.html Maharashtra state tourism site]</ref>

	== History ==		== History ==
			The oldest known reference to the Purandar dates back to the [[Yadava dynasty]] in the 11th century.{{cn\|date=March 2022}}

	~~The oldest known reference to the Purandar dates back to the [[Yadava dynasty]] in the 11th century.~~		After the defeat of the Yadavas by the [[Persians\|Persian]] invaders,{{cn\|date=March 2022}} the territory surrounding the fort fell into the hands of the Persians who further fortified the Purandar Fort in 1350 A.D. During the early rule of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate\|Bijapur]] and [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate\|Ahmednagar]] kings, The Purandar Fort was among the forts directly under the Government rule and was never entrusted to [[Jagirdar]]s.<ref name=gazette>{{Citation \| last=Hunter\| first=William\| title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India\| publisher=Trubner and Co.\| place=London\| year=1886\| url = https://archive.org/stream/imperialgazettee11hunt/imperialgazettee11hunt_djvu.txt\| access-date = 2009-01-18}}</ref>

	After the defeat of the Yadavas by the [[Persians\|Persian]] invaders, the territory surrounding the fort fell into the hands of the Persians who further fortified the Purandar Fort in 1350 A.D. During the early rule of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate\|Bijapur]] and [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate\|Ahmednagar]] kings, The Purandar Fort was among the forts directly under the Government rule and was never entrusted to [[Jagirdar]]s ~~(estate holders)~~.<ref name=gazette>{{Citation \| last=Hunter\| first=William\| title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India\| publisher=Trubner and Co.\| place=London\| year=1886\| url = https://archive.org/stream/imperialgazettee11hunt/imperialgazettee11hunt_djvu.txt\| access-date = 2009-01-18}}</ref>

	Under the rule of the [[Berar Sultanate]], the fort was besieged several times. To prevent the Purandar Fort from ever falling again, a sacrificial ritual was performed where a man and a woman were buried alive under one of the fort bastions to appease its patron deity.<ref>[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/Solapur/appendix_c.html#1 ''Sholapur District Gazetteer'']</ref> Another ritual was soon performed where the king ordered a minister to bury a first-born son and his mother into the foundation of the bastion which was promptly done with a further offering of gold and bricks. When the bastion was finished, The minister, Yesaji Naik, was given possession of the Purandar Fort and the father of the sacrificed boy was rewarded with two villages.<ref name="Toy, 1965">{{cite book\|last=Toy\|first=Sidney\|title=The Fortified Cities of India\|url=https://archive.org/details/fortifiedcitieso0000toys\|url-access=registration\|year=1965\|publisher=Heinemann Educational Books Ltd.\|location=London\|page=[https://archive.org/details/fortifiedcitieso0000toys/page/51 51]}}</ref>		Under the rule of the [[Berar Sultanate]], the fort was besieged several times. To prevent the Purandar Fort from ever falling again, a sacrificial ritual was performed where a man and a woman were buried alive under one of the fort bastions to appease its patron deity.<ref>[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/Solapur/appendix_c.html#1 ''Sholapur District Gazetteer'']</ref> Another ritual was soon performed where the king ordered a minister to bury a first-born son and his mother into the foundation of the bastion which was promptly done with a further offering of gold and bricks. When the bastion was finished, The minister, Yesaji Naik, was given possession of the Purandar Fort and the father of the sacrificed boy was rewarded with two villages.<ref name="Toy, 1965">{{cite book\|last=Toy\|first=Sidney\|title=The Fortified Cities of India\|url=https://archive.org/details/fortifiedcitieso0000toys\|url-access=registration\|year=1965\|publisher=Heinemann Educational Books Ltd.\|location=London\|page=[https://archive.org/details/fortifiedcitieso0000toys/page/51 51]}}</ref>

	In 1596 A.D, the ''Bahudar Shah'' of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]] granted the territory of "Pune" and "Supa" to [[Maloji ~~Bhosale\|Maloji Raje~~ Bhosale]], the grandfather of ~~Chhatrapati~~ Shivaji ~~Maharaj~~{{cn\|date=May 2021}}. The Purandar Fort was included in the territory.		In 1596 A.D, the ''Bahudar Shah'' of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]] granted the territory of "Pune" and "Supa" to [[Maloji Bhosale]], the grandfather of Shivaji.{{cn\|date=May 2021}} The Purandar Fort was included in the territory.

	~~In 1646 A.D, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, still in his youth, in one of his first victories for the [[Maratha Empire]], raided and established control of the fort.~~
	[[File:Vajragad fort.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Vajragad Fort]]		[[File:Vajragad fort.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Vajragad Fort]]
	In 1665 A.D, the Purandar Fort was besieged by the forces of [[Aurangzeb]], under the command of [[Jai Singh II\|Mirza Raje JaiSingh]] and assisted by [[Diler Khan]]. [[Murarbaji Deshpande]] of Mahr, who was appointed as the ''killedar'' (keeper of the fort), offered strong resistance against the Mughal forces ultimately giving up his life in a struggle to retain the fort. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, daunted at the prospect of the fall of his grandfather's fort, signed a treaty known as the [[Treaty of Purandar (1665)\|First Treaty of Purandar]] with [[Aurangzeb]] in 1665. According to the treaty, Maharaj handed over twenty-three forts including Purandar, and a territory with a revenue of four lakh ''[[Shivrai\|hons]] Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje was made the ''[[jagirdar]]'' of the territory.

	In 1670 A.D, the truce did not last long as ~~Chhatrapati~~ Shivaji ~~Maharaj~~ revolted against Aurangzeb and recaptured Purandar after just five years.		In 1646 A.D, Shivaji, still in his youth, in one of his first victories for the [[Maratha Empire]], raided and established control of the fort. In 1665 A.D, the Purandar Fort was besieged by the forces of [[Aurangzeb]], under the command of [[Jai Singh II]] and assisted by [[Diler Khan]]. [[Murarbaji Deshpande]] of Mahr, who was appointed as the ''killedar'' (keeper of the fort), offered strong resistance against the Mughal forces ultimately giving up his life in a struggle to retain the fort. Shivaji, daunted at the prospect of the fall of his grandfather's fort, signed a treaty known as the [[Treaty of Purandar (1665)\|First Treaty of Purandar]] with [[Aurangzeb]] in 1665. According to the treaty, Shivaji handed over twenty-three forts including Purandar, and a territory with a revenue of four lakh ''[[Shivrai\|hons]] and was made the ''[[jagirdar]]'' of the territory.

			In 1670 A.D, the truce did not last long as Shivaji revolted against Aurangzeb and recaptured Purandar after just five years.

	Under the [[Peshwa]] rule, the Purandar Fort acted as a stronghold whenever their capital city of [[Pune]] was under attack. In 1776 A.D, a treaty was signed between the [[British Raj]] and the [[Maratha Empire\|Maratha States]] known as the [[Treaty of Purandar (1665)\|Second Treaty of Purandar]]. Its conditions were never fulfilled, being overruled by the subsequent [[Treaty of Salbai]] in 1782 between the [[East India Company\|Bombay Government]] and [[Raghunathrao]], at the close of the [[First Anglo-Maratha War]].<ref name=gazette/>		Under the [[Peshwa]] rule, the Purandar Fort acted as a stronghold whenever their capital city of [[Pune]] was under attack. In 1776 A.D, a treaty was signed between the [[British Raj]] and the [[Maratha Empire\|Maratha States]] known as the [[Treaty of Purandar (1665)\|Second Treaty of Purandar]]. Its conditions were never fulfilled, being overruled by the subsequent [[Treaty of Salbai]] in 1782 between the [[East India Company\|Bombay Government]] and [[Raghunathrao]], at the close of the [[First Anglo-Maratha War]].<ref name=gazette/>
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	[[File:Purandar fort 86.JPG\|thumb\|Statue of Murarbaji Deshpande]]		[[File:Purandar fort 86.JPG\|thumb\|Statue of Murarbaji Deshpande]]

	From the lower level of the ''machi'', a staircase leads to the upper level called ''Ballekilla''. The first structure of the ''Ballekilla'' that comes into view is the ''Dilli Darwaja'' (Delhi Gate). This area also houses an ancient Kedareshwar ([[Shiva]]) temple. The ~~upper level called~~ is also surrounded by steep drop on three sides.		From the lower level of the ''machi'', a staircase leads to the upper level called ''Ballekilla''. The first structure of the ''Ballekilla'' that comes into view is the ''Dilli Darwaja'' (Delhi Gate). This area also houses an ancient Kedareshwar ([[Shiva]]) temple. The ''BALLEKILLA'' is also surrounded by steep drop on three sides.

	== Current use ==		== Current use ==

	The Purandar Fort is a popular tourist destination and is also used by the [[National Cadet Corps (India)\|National Cadet Corps]] academy for training purposes. The fort is a hotspot for [[paraglider]]s and [[backpacking (wilderness)\|trekkers]].<ref name=express/>~~<ref>5 best places for trekking in Maharashtra: https://www.republicworld.com/lifestyle/travel/5-best-places-for-trekking-in-maharashtra-that-you-must-check-out.html</ref>~~		The Purandar Fort is a popular tourist destination and is also used by the [[National Cadet Corps (India)\|National Cadet Corps]] academy for training purposes. The fort is a hotspot for [[paraglider]]s and [[backpacking (wilderness)\|trekkers]].<ref name=express/>{{Additional citation needed\|date=November 2021}}

	==Gallery of Purandar Fort ==		==Gallery of Purandar Fort ==
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	== See also ==		== See also ==

	* [[List of forts in Maharashtra]]		* [[List of forts in Maharashtra]]
	* [[List of forts in India]]
	* [[Baji Prabhu Deshpande]]
	* [[Marathi people\|Marathi People]]
	* [[Maratha Navy]]
	* [[List of Maratha dynasties and states]]
	* [[Maratha War of Independence]]
	* [[Battles involving the Maratha Empire]]
	* [[Maratha Army]]

	== References ==		== References ==
	{{reflist\|2}}		{{reflist}}

			==External links==
	{{commons category\|Purandar Fort}}		{{commons category\|Purandar Fort}}

			{{Pune district topics}}
	{{Forts in Maharashtra}}		{{Forts in Maharashtra}}
			{{MarathaEmpire}}

	{{coord\|18\|17\|N\|73\|59\|E\|source:kolossus-cawiki\|display=title}}		{{coord\|18\|17\|N\|73\|59\|E\|source:kolossus-cawiki\|display=title}}

imported>Tanmayaw14 at 17:58, 21 August 2021

2021-08-21T17:58:01Z

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox military installation
|name = Purandar Fort
|native_name = पुरंदर किल्ला
|partof =
|location = [[Pune district]], [[Maharashtra]]
|caption = Purandhar Fort Entrance
|map_type=India#India Maharashtra
|map_size = 300
|map_caption = Shown within [[Maharashtra]]
|type = Hill fort
|coordinates = {{coord|18|16|50.8|N|73|58|25|E}}
|materials = Stone
|height = 1390 mt.
|used =
|condition = Ruins
|ownership = Government of India
|open_to_public = Yes
}}

'''Purandar Fort''' is known as the birthplace of [[Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj]], the son of [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]].<ref name = express>[http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/MaharashtraTourism/Default.aspx?strpage=../MaharashtraTourism/TouristDelight/Forts/PurandarFort.html Maharashtra state tourism site]</ref> The fort of Purandhar stands at 4,472 ft (1,390 m) above the sea level in the [[Western Ghats]], 50 km to the southeast of [[Pune]].

The twin forts of Purandar and Vajragad (or Rudramal) of which the latter is the smaller of the two, is located on the eastern side of the main fort. The village of [[Purandar taluka|Purandar]] takes its name from this fort.<ref>This monsoon visit Purandar fort:https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/this-monsoon-visit-the-mystical-purandar-fort-near-pune/story-C8TJVMjOWBn16HziHCRTeN.html</ref>

== History ==

The oldest known reference to the Purandar dates back to the [[Yadava dynasty]] in the 11th century.

After the defeat of the Yadavas by the [[Persians|Persian]] invaders, the territory surrounding the fort fell into the hands of the Persians who further fortified the Purandar Fort in 1350 A.D. During the early rule of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Bijapur]] and [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Ahmednagar]] kings, The Purandar Fort was among the forts directly under the Government rule and was never entrusted to [[Jagirdar]]s (estate holders).<ref name=gazette>{{Citation | last=Hunter| first=William| title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India| publisher=Trubner and Co.| place=London| year=1886| url = https://archive.org/stream/imperialgazettee11hunt/imperialgazettee11hunt_djvu.txt| access-date = 2009-01-18}}</ref>

Under the rule of the [[Berar Sultanate]], the fort was besieged several times. To prevent the Purandar Fort from ever falling again, a sacrificial ritual was performed where a man and a woman were buried alive under one of the fort bastions to appease its patron deity.<ref>[http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/gazeetter_reprint/Solapur/appendix_c.html#1 ''Sholapur District Gazetteer'']</ref> Another ritual was soon performed where the king ordered a minister to bury a first-born son and his mother into the foundation of the bastion which was promptly done with a further offering of gold and bricks. When the bastion was finished, The minister, Yesaji Naik, was given possession of the Purandar Fort and the father of the sacrificed boy was rewarded with two villages.<ref name="Toy, 1965">{{cite book|last=Toy|first=Sidney|title=The Fortified Cities of India|url=https://archive.org/details/fortifiedcitieso0000toys|url-access=registration|year=1965|publisher=Heinemann Educational Books Ltd.|location=London|page=[https://archive.org/details/fortifiedcitieso0000toys/page/51 51]}}</ref>

In 1596 A.D, the ''Bahudar Shah'' of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]] granted the territory of "Pune" and "Supa" to [[Maloji Bhosale|Maloji Raje Bhosale]], the grandfather of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj{{cn|date=May 2021}}. The Purandar Fort was included in the territory.

In 1646 A.D, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, still in his youth, in one of his first victories for the [[Maratha Empire]], raided and established control of the fort.
[[File:Vajragad fort.jpg|thumb|left|Vajragad Fort]]
In 1665 A.D, the Purandar Fort was besieged by the forces of [[Aurangzeb]], under the command of [[Jai Singh II|Mirza Raje JaiSingh]] and assisted by [[Diler Khan]]. [[Murarbaji Deshpande]] of Mahr, who was appointed as the ''killedar'' (keeper of the fort), offered strong resistance against the Mughal forces ultimately giving up his life in a struggle to retain the fort. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, daunted at the prospect of the fall of his grandfather's fort, signed a treaty known as the [[Treaty of Purandar (1665)|First Treaty of Purandar]] with [[Aurangzeb]] in 1665. According to the treaty, Maharaj handed over twenty-three forts including Purandar, and a territory with a revenue of four lakh ''[[Shivrai|hons]] Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje was made the ''[[jagirdar]]'' of the territory.

In 1670 A.D, the truce did not last long as Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj revolted against Aurangzeb and recaptured Purandar after just five years.

Under the [[Peshwa]] rule, the Purandar Fort acted as a stronghold whenever their capital city of [[Pune]] was under attack. In 1776 A.D, a treaty was signed between the [[British Raj]] and the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha States]] known as the [[Treaty of Purandar (1665)|Second Treaty of Purandar]]. Its conditions were never fulfilled, being overruled by the subsequent [[Treaty of Salbai]] in 1782 between the [[East India Company|Bombay Government]] and [[Raghunathrao]], at the close of the [[First Anglo-Maratha War]].<ref name=gazette/>

In 1790, it was conquered by a [[Koli people|Koli]] chief Kuroji Naik and a Victory Bastion also erected here.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=95o5AAAAIAAJ&q=Chive+koli&pg=PA430|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Poona (2 pts.)|date=1885|publisher=Government Central Press|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gazetteers.maharashtra.gov.in/cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Poona%20District/places_p.html#.|title=Maharashtra Gazetteers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bZ8EAAAAQAAJ&q=Koorojee&pg=RA2-PA56|title=Transactions of the Medical and Physical Society of Bombay|date=1862|language=en}}</ref>

In 1818, the Purandar Fort was invaded by a [[United Kingdom|British]] force under General Pritzler. On 14 March 1818, a British garrison marched into Vajragad (the smaller fort). As Vajragad commanded Purandar, the commandant had to accept terms and the British flag was hoisted at Purandar on 16 March 1818. During the [[British Raj]], the fort was used as a prison. During World War II, it was an internment camp for enemy-alien (i.e. [[Germany|German]]) families. Jews from Germany were interned. A German prisoner, [[Dr. H. Goetz]] was held here during [[World War II]]. He studied the fort during his stay and later published a book on it. The fort's major use however, was as a [[sanatorium]] for the British soldiers.<ref name=express/>

The thousand-year-old [[Narayaneshwar]] temple {{citation needed|date=July 2017}} of the [[Hemadpanti architecture|Hemadpanthi architecture]] built by the [[Yadava dynasty|Yadavas]] still exists at the base village of the fort called [[Narayanpur, Pune|Narayanpur]].

[[File:Purandareshwar Temple.jpg|right|thumb|Temple of the Purandeshwar deity from which Purandar takes its name]]

It is believed that Purandar is the broken part of the ''Dronagiri Parvat'', which [[Hanuman]] carried in the [[Ramayana]].<ref name=gazette/>

== Structures ==

[[File:Cannon at the fort.jpg|thumb|Cannon at the top of the fort]]

The fort has two distinct levels. The lower part of Purandar is called the ''machi''. North of the machi is a flat area where the cantonment and hospital was housed.

There are many temples dedicated to Purandareshwar (the fort's patron god, from which it also takes its name) and Sawai Madhavrao Peshwa here. There is a statue of [[Murarbaji Deshpande]], the commander (''killedar'') of the fort who gave up his life in order to protect the fort from the [[Mughals]]. The northern part of the ''machi'' has a low fall with several bastions and an imposing gate with two towers.<ref name="gazette" />

[[File:Purandar fort 86.JPG|thumb|Statue of Murarbaji Deshpande]]

From the lower level of the ''machi'', a staircase leads to the upper level called ''Ballekilla''. The first structure of the ''Ballekilla'' that comes into view is the ''Dilli Darwaja'' (Delhi Gate). This area also houses an ancient Kedareshwar ([[Shiva]]) temple. The upper level called is also surrounded by steep drop on three sides.

== Current use ==

The Purandar Fort is a popular tourist destination and is also used by the [[National Cadet Corps (India)|National Cadet Corps]] academy for training purposes. The fort is a hotspot for [[paraglider]]s and [[backpacking (wilderness)|trekkers]].<ref name=express/><ref>5 best places for trekking in Maharashtra: https://www.republicworld.com/lifestyle/travel/5-best-places-for-trekking-in-maharashtra-that-you-must-check-out.html</ref>

==Gallery of Purandar Fort ==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Purandar Fort 02.JPG
File:Purandar fort 101.JPG
File:Purandar Fort 80.JPG
File:Purandar Fort 48.JPG
File:Purandar Fort 27.JPG
File:Purandar Fort 09.JPG
File:Purandar Fort 10.JPG
File:Purandar_Landscape.jpg
File:Purandar_Landscape_2.jpg
File:Purandar_Landscape_3.jpg
File:Purandar Fort entrance 2.jpg
File:Purandhar fort from Narayanpur Road.JPG
File:Brief history.JPG
</gallery>

== See also ==

* [[List of forts in Maharashtra]]
* [[List of forts in India]]
* [[Baji Prabhu Deshpande]]
* [[Marathi people|Marathi People]]
* [[Maratha Navy]]
* [[List of Maratha dynasties and states]]
* [[Maratha War of Independence]]
* [[Battles involving the Maratha Empire]]
* [[Maratha Army]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{commons category|Purandar Fort}}

{{Forts in Maharashtra}}

{{coord|18|17|N|73|59|E|source:kolossus-cawiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Forts in Pune district]]
[[Category:11th-century establishments in India]]