Punjabi language - Revision history

82.132.212.22: add content also and fixed typos for accuracy

2026-04-30T05:36:08Z

add content also and fixed typos for accuracy

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:06, 30 April 2026
Line 64:		Line 64:
	{{Punjabis}}		{{Punjabis}}

	'''Punjabi''',{{efn\|{{IPAc-en\|p\|ʌ\|n\|ˈ\|dʒ\|ɑː\|b\|i}} {{respell\|pun\|JAH\|bee}};<ref>Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student's Handbook'', Edinburgh</ref> [[Shahmukhi]]: {{lang\|pa\|{{nq\|پنجابی}}}}; [[Gurmukhi]]: {{lang\|pa\|ਪੰਜਾਬੀ}}, {{IPA\|pa\|~~pəɲˈd͡ʒaːbːi~~\|lang\|Pa-ਪੰਜਾਬੀ.ogg}}.<ref>{{Cite Q\|page=88\|Q23831241}}</ref>}} sometimes spelled '''Panjabi''',{{efn\|''Punjabi'' is the [[British English]] spelling, and ''Pañjābī'' is the [[ISO 15919\|Romanized]] spelling from the native scripts.}} is an [[Indo-Aryan languages\|Indo-Aryan language]] native to the [[Punjab]] region of [[Pakistan]] and [[India]]. It is one of the most widely spoken native languages in the world, with approximately 150 million native speakers.<ref>{{cite news \| title=The World Factbook - WORLD \| work=CIA \| url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/#people-and-society \| access-date=20 October 2023 \| archive-date=26 January 2021 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126032610/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/#people-and-society \| url-status=dead }}</ref>{{efn\|[[2011 Indian Census]] and [[2023 Pakistani Census]]; The figure includes the [[Saraiki language\|Saraiki]] and [[Hindko]] varieties which have been separately enumerated in Pakistani censuses since [[Census in Pakistan#1981\|1981]] and [[2017 Pakistani census\|2017]] respectively; 88.9 million [Punjabi, general], 28.8 million [Saraiki], 5.5 million [Hindko] in Pakistan (2023), 31.1 in India (2011), 0.8 in [[Saudi Arabia]] (Ethnologue), 0.6 in [[Punjabi Canadians\|Canada]] (2016), 0.3 in the [[British Punjabis\|United Kingdom]] (2011), 0.3 in the [[Punjabi Americans\|United States]] (2017), 0.2 in [[Punjabi Australians\|Australia]] (2016) and 0.2 in the United Arab Emirates. See {{section link\|\|Geographic distribution}} below.}}		'''Punjabi''',{{efn\|{{IPAc-en\|p\|ʌ\|n\|ˈ\|dʒ\|ɑː\|b\|i}} {{respell\|pun\|JAH\|bee}};<ref>Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student's Handbook'', Edinburgh</ref> [[Shahmukhi]]: {{lang\|pa\|{{nq\|پنجابی}}}}; [[Gurmukhi]]: {{lang\|pa\|ਪੰਜਾਬੀ}}, {{IPA\|pa\|pə̞ˈɲd͡ʒaːbːi\|lang\|Pa-ਪੰਜਾਬੀ.ogg}}.<ref>{{Cite Q\|page=88\|Q23831241}}</ref>}} sometimes spelled '''Panjabi''',{{efn\|''Punjabi'' is the [[British English]] spelling, and ''Pañjābī'' is the [[ISO 15919\|Romanized]] spelling from the native scripts.}} is an [[Indo-Aryan languages\|Indo-Aryan language]] native to the [[Punjab]] region of [[Pakistan]] and [[India]]. It is one of the most widely spoken native languages in the world, with approximately 150 million native speakers.<ref>{{cite news \| title=The World Factbook - WORLD \| work=CIA \| url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/#people-and-society \| access-date=20 October 2023 \| archive-date=26 January 2021 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126032610/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/#people-and-society \| url-status=dead }}</ref>{{efn\|[[2011 Indian Census]] and [[2023 Pakistani Census]]; The figure includes the [[Saraiki language\|Saraiki]] and [[Hindko]] varieties which have been separately enumerated in Pakistani censuses since [[Census in Pakistan#1981\|1981]] and [[2017 Pakistani census\|2017]] respectively; 88.9 million [Punjabi, general], 28.8 million [Saraiki], 5.5 million [Hindko] in Pakistan (2023), 31.1 in India (2011), 0.8 in [[Saudi Arabia]] (Ethnologue), 0.6 in [[Punjabi Canadians\|Canada]] (2016), 0.3 in the [[British Punjabis\|United Kingdom]] (2011), 0.3 in the [[Punjabi Americans\|United States]] (2017), 0.2 in [[Punjabi Australians\|Australia]] (2016) and 0.2 in the United Arab Emirates. See {{section link\|\|Geographic distribution}} below.}}

	Punjabi is the most widely-spoken first language in Pakistan, with 88.9 million native speakers according to the [[2023 Pakistani census]], and the 11th most widely-spoken in India, with 31.1 million native speakers, according to the [[2011 Census of India\|2011 census]]. It is spoken among a [[Punjabi diaspora\|significant overseas diaspora]], particularly in [[Canada]], the [[United Kingdom]], the [[United States]], [[Australia]], and the [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf\|Gulf states]].		Punjabi is the most widely-spoken first language in Pakistan, with 88.9 million native speakers according to the [[2023 Pakistani census]], and the 11th most widely-spoken in India, with 31.1 million native speakers, according to the [[2011 Census of India\|2011 census]]. It is spoken among a [[Punjabi diaspora\|significant overseas diaspora]], particularly in [[Canada]], the [[United Kingdom]], the [[United States]], [[Australia]], and the [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf\|Gulf states]].
Line 264:		Line 264:
	===Eastern Punjabi===		===Eastern Punjabi===
	"Eastern Punjabi" refers to the varieties of Punjabi spoken in [[Pakistani Punjab]] (specifically Northern Punjabi), most of [[Indian Punjab]], the far-north of [[Rajasthan]] and on the northwestern border of [[Haryana]]. It includes the dialects of [[Majhi dialect\|Majhi]], [[Malwai dialect\|Malwai]], [[Doabi dialect\|Doabi]], [[Puadhi dialect\|Puadhi]] and the extinct [[Lubanki dialect\|Lubanki]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Glottolog 4.8 - Greater Panjabic \|url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/lahn1241 \|access-date=13 July 2023 \|website=glottolog.org \|archive-date=13 July 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713015712/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/lahn1241 \|url-status=live }}</ref>		"Eastern Punjabi" refers to the varieties of Punjabi spoken in [[Pakistani Punjab]] (specifically Northern Punjabi), most of [[Indian Punjab]], the far-north of [[Rajasthan]] and on the northwestern border of [[Haryana]]. It includes the dialects of [[Majhi dialect\|Majhi]], [[Malwai dialect\|Malwai]], [[Doabi dialect\|Doabi]], [[Puadhi dialect\|Puadhi]] and the extinct [[Lubanki dialect\|Lubanki]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Glottolog 4.8 - Greater Panjabic \|url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/lahn1241 \|access-date=13 July 2023 \|website=glottolog.org \|archive-date=13 July 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713015712/https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/lahn1241 \|url-status=live }}</ref>

	~~Sometimes, [[Dogri language\|Dogri]] and [[Kangri language\|Kangri]] are grouped into this category.~~

	===Western Punjabi===		===Western Punjabi===
Line 615:		Line 613:
	*{{cite web\|url=http://ppinewsagency.com/inferiority-complex-declining-punjabi-language-punjab-university-vice-chancellor/\|publisher=ppinewsagency.com\|title=Inferiority complex declining Punjabi language: Punjab University Vice-Chancellor \| Pakistan Press International\|access-date=13 January 2017\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127220151/http://ppinewsagency.com/inferiority-complex-declining-punjabi-language-punjab-university-vice-chancellor/\|archive-date=27 November 2016}}		*{{cite web\|url=http://ppinewsagency.com/inferiority-complex-declining-punjabi-language-punjab-university-vice-chancellor/\|publisher=ppinewsagency.com\|title=Inferiority complex declining Punjabi language: Punjab University Vice-Chancellor \| Pakistan Press International\|access-date=13 January 2017\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127220151/http://ppinewsagency.com/inferiority-complex-declining-punjabi-language-punjab-university-vice-chancellor/\|archive-date=27 November 2016}}
	</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/880483/urdu-isation-of-punjab/\|title=Urdu-isation of Punjab – The Express Tribune\|date=4 May 2015\|newspaper=The Express Tribune\|language=en-US\|access-date=30 December 2016\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127215535/http://tribune.com.pk/story/880483/urdu-isation-of-punjab/\|archive-date=27 November 2016}}</ref> In August 2015, the Pakistan Academy of Letters, International Writer's Council (IWC) and World Punjabi Congress (WPC) organised the ''Khawaja Farid Conference'' and demanded that a Punjabi-language university should be established in [[Lahore]] and that Punjabi language should be declared as the medium of instruction at the primary level.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://nation.com.pk/lahore/21-Feb-2011/Rally-for-ending-150yearold-ban-on-education-in-Punjabi\|title=Rally for ending 150-year-old 'ban on education in Punjabi\|date=21 February 2011\|website=The Nation\|access-date=15 September 2015\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307142807/http://nation.com.pk/lahore/21-Feb-2011/Rally-for-ending-150yearold-ban-on-education-in-Punjabi\|archive-date=7 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine\|url=http://nation.com.pk/lahore/26-Aug-2015/sufi-poets-can-guarantee-unity\|title=Sufi poets can guarantee unity\|date=26 August 2015\|magazine=The Nation\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030021751/http://nation.com.pk/lahore/26-Aug-2015/sufi-poets-can-guarantee-unity\|archive-date=30 October 2015}}</ref> In September 2015, a case was filed in [[Supreme Court of Pakistan]] against [[Government of Punjab, Pakistan]] as it did not take any step to implement the Punjabi language in the province.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://nation.com.pk/blogs/15-Sep-2015/supreme-court-s-urdu-verdict-no-language-can-be-imposed-from-above\|title=Supreme Court's Urdu verdict: No language can be imposed from above\|date=15 September 2015\|website=The Nation\|access-date=15 September 2015\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916165410/http://nation.com.pk/blogs/15-Sep-2015/supreme-court-s-urdu-verdict-no-language-can-be-imposed-from-above\|archive-date=16 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.brecorder.com/top-news/109-world-top-news/254518-two-member-sc-bench-refers-punjabi-language-case-to-cjp.html\|title=Two-member SC bench refers Punjabi language case to CJP\|date=14 September 2015\|website=Business Recorder\|access-date=15 September 2015\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021133224/http://www.brecorder.com/top-news/109-world-top-news/254518-two-member-sc-bench-refers-punjabi-language-case-to-cjp.html\|archive-date=21 October 2015}}</ref> Additionally, several thousand Punjabis gather in [[Lahore]] every year on [[International Mother Language Day]]. Thinktanks, political organisations, cultural projects, and individuals also demand authorities at the national and provincial level to promote the use of the language in the public and official spheres.<ref>"Mind your language—The movement for the preservation of Punjabi". ''The Herald''. 2 September 2106.		</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/880483/urdu-isation-of-punjab/\|title=Urdu-isation of Punjab – The Express Tribune\|date=4 May 2015\|newspaper=The Express Tribune\|language=en-US\|access-date=30 December 2016\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127215535/http://tribune.com.pk/story/880483/urdu-isation-of-punjab/\|archive-date=27 November 2016}}</ref> In August 2015, the Pakistan Academy of Letters, International Writer's Council (IWC) and World Punjabi Congress (WPC) organised the ''Khawaja Farid Conference'' and demanded that a Punjabi-language university should be established in [[Lahore]] and that Punjabi language should be declared as the medium of instruction at the primary level.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://nation.com.pk/lahore/21-Feb-2011/Rally-for-ending-150yearold-ban-on-education-in-Punjabi\|title=Rally for ending 150-year-old 'ban on education in Punjabi\|date=21 February 2011\|website=The Nation\|access-date=15 September 2015\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307142807/http://nation.com.pk/lahore/21-Feb-2011/Rally-for-ending-150yearold-ban-on-education-in-Punjabi\|archive-date=7 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine\|url=http://nation.com.pk/lahore/26-Aug-2015/sufi-poets-can-guarantee-unity\|title=Sufi poets can guarantee unity\|date=26 August 2015\|magazine=The Nation\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030021751/http://nation.com.pk/lahore/26-Aug-2015/sufi-poets-can-guarantee-unity\|archive-date=30 October 2015}}</ref> In September 2015, a case was filed in [[Supreme Court of Pakistan]] against [[Government of Punjab, Pakistan]] as it did not take any step to implement the Punjabi language in the province.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://nation.com.pk/blogs/15-Sep-2015/supreme-court-s-urdu-verdict-no-language-can-be-imposed-from-above\|title=Supreme Court's Urdu verdict: No language can be imposed from above\|date=15 September 2015\|website=The Nation\|access-date=15 September 2015\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916165410/http://nation.com.pk/blogs/15-Sep-2015/supreme-court-s-urdu-verdict-no-language-can-be-imposed-from-above\|archive-date=16 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.brecorder.com/top-news/109-world-top-news/254518-two-member-sc-bench-refers-punjabi-language-case-to-cjp.html\|title=Two-member SC bench refers Punjabi language case to CJP\|date=14 September 2015\|website=Business Recorder\|access-date=15 September 2015\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021133224/http://www.brecorder.com/top-news/109-world-top-news/254518-two-member-sc-bench-refers-punjabi-language-case-to-cjp.html\|archive-date=21 October 2015}}</ref> Additionally, several thousand Punjabis gather in [[Lahore]] every year on [[International Mother Language Day]]. Thinktanks, political organisations, cultural projects, and individuals also demand authorities at the national and provincial level to promote the use of the language in the public and official spheres.<ref>"Mind your language—The movement for the preservation of Punjabi". ''The Herald''. 2 September 2106.
	*{{cite web\|url=~~http~~://herald.dawn.com/news/1153482\|publisher=herald.dawn.com\|title=Mind your language—The movement for the preservation of Punjabi – People & Society – Herald\|access-date=13 January 2017\|url-status=~~dead~~\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223065731/http://herald.dawn.com/news/1153482\|archive-date=23 December 2016\|date=4 August 2016}}</ref><ref>"Punjabi in schools: Pro-Punjabi outfits in Pakistan threaten hunger strike". ''The Times of India''. 4 October 2015.		*{{cite web\|url=https://herald.dawn.com/news/1153482\|publisher=herald.dawn.com\|title=Mind your language—The movement for the preservation of Punjabi – People & Society – Herald\|access-date=13 January 2017\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223065731/http://herald.dawn.com/news/1153482\|archive-date=23 December 2016\|date=4 August 2016}}</ref><ref>"Punjabi in schools: Pro-Punjabi outfits in Pakistan threaten hunger strike". ''The Times of India''. 4 October 2015.
	*{{cite news\|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Punjabi-in-schools-Pro-Punjabi-outfits-in-Pakistan-threaten-hunger-strike/articleshow/49214265.cms\|work=The Times of India\|title=Punjabi in schools: Pro-Punjabi outfits in Pakistan threaten hunger strike\|access-date=13 January 2017\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927231834/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Punjabi-in-schools-Pro-Punjabi-outfits-in-Pakistan-threaten-hunger-strike/articleshow/49214265.cms\|archive-date=27 September 2016}}		*{{cite news\|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Punjabi-in-schools-Pro-Punjabi-outfits-in-Pakistan-threaten-hunger-strike/articleshow/49214265.cms\|work=The Times of India\|title=Punjabi in schools: Pro-Punjabi outfits in Pakistan threaten hunger strike\|access-date=13 January 2017\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927231834/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Punjabi-in-schools-Pro-Punjabi-outfits-in-Pakistan-threaten-hunger-strike/articleshow/49214265.cms\|archive-date=27 September 2016}}
	</ref><ref>"Rally for Ending the 150-year-old Ban on Education in Punjabi" ''The Nation.'' 21 February 2011.		</ref><ref>"Rally for Ending the 150-year-old Ban on Education in Punjabi" ''The Nation.'' 21 February 2011.
Line 757:		Line 755:
	[[Category:Punjabi language\| ]]		[[Category:Punjabi language\| ]]
	[[Category:Fusional languages]]		[[Category:Fusional languages]]
	[[Category:~~Greater Punjabi~~ languages ~~and dialects~~]]		[[Category:Northwestern Indo-Aryan languages]]
	[[Category:Languages of Pakistan]]		[[Category:Languages of Pakistan]]
	[[Category:Languages of Punjab, Pakistan\| ]]		[[Category:Languages of Punjab, Pakistan\| ]]

AnonyMo: add structure per standard format

2026-02-28T01:51:07Z

add structure per standard format

Show changes

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

2023-08-14T13:59:42Z

Removed empty portal template using script

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:29, 14 August 2023
Line 572:		Line 572:

	== See also ==		== See also ==
	~~{{Portal\|Punjab\|Languages}}~~
	* [[Punjabi Language Movement]]		* [[Punjabi Language Movement]]
	* [[Languages of Pakistan]]		* [[Languages of Pakistan]]

WikiDwarfBOT: Cleanup: Grammar fix. Spelling fix.

2023-07-21T22:26:04Z

Cleanup: Grammar fix. Spelling fix.

Show changes

Bot: Removing protection template from an unprotected page

2023-07-01T20:58:35Z

Removing protection template from an unprotected page

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:28, 2 July 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~{{pp\|small=yes}}~~
	{{Short description\|Indo-Aryan language native to the Punjab}}		{{Short description\|Indo-Aryan language native to the Punjab}}
	{{EngvarB\|date=October 2019}}		{{EngvarB\|date=October 2019}}

Bot: robot: Creating/updating articles

2023-03-12T23:25:56Z

robot: Creating/updating articles

Show changes

WikiDwarfBOT: /* Status */clean up, replaced: WP: → BP:

2021-06-01T07:34:59Z

Status: clean up, replaced: WP: → BP:

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:04, 1 June 2021
Line 439:		Line 439:
	Despite Punjabi's rich literary history, it was not until 1947 that it would be recognised as an official language. Previous governments in the area of the Punjab had favoured Persian, Hindustani, or even earlier standardised versions of local registers as the language of the court or government. After the annexation of the [[Sikh Empire]] by the [[East India Company\|British East India Company]] following the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] in 1849, the British policy of establishing a uniform language for administration was expanded into the Punjab. The British Empire employed Urdu in its administration of North-Central and Northwestern India, while in the North-East of India, [[Bengali language]] was used as the language of administration. Despite its lack of official sanction, the Punjabi language continued to flourish as an instrument of cultural production, with rich literary traditions continuing until modern times. The Sikh religion, with its [[Gurmukhi alphabet\|Gurmukhi]] script, played a special role in standardising and providing education in the language via [[Gurdwara]]s, while writers of all religions continued to produce poetry, prose, and literature in the language.		Despite Punjabi's rich literary history, it was not until 1947 that it would be recognised as an official language. Previous governments in the area of the Punjab had favoured Persian, Hindustani, or even earlier standardised versions of local registers as the language of the court or government. After the annexation of the [[Sikh Empire]] by the [[East India Company\|British East India Company]] following the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] in 1849, the British policy of establishing a uniform language for administration was expanded into the Punjab. The British Empire employed Urdu in its administration of North-Central and Northwestern India, while in the North-East of India, [[Bengali language]] was used as the language of administration. Despite its lack of official sanction, the Punjabi language continued to flourish as an instrument of cultural production, with rich literary traditions continuing until modern times. The Sikh religion, with its [[Gurmukhi alphabet\|Gurmukhi]] script, played a special role in standardising and providing education in the language via [[Gurdwara]]s, while writers of all religions continued to produce poetry, prose, and literature in the language.

	In India, Punjabi is one of the 22 [[scheduled languages of India]]. It is the first official language of the [[Punjab, India\|Indian State of Punjab]]. Punjabi also has second language official status in [[Delhi]] along with [[Urdu]], and in [[Haryana]]. <!-- [[WP:NFCC]] violation: [[File:2000 INR Rev 2016.jpg\|thumb\|right\|upright=0.68\|Punjabi on Indian currency, see in language box on eleventh place]] -->		In India, Punjabi is one of the 22 [[scheduled languages of India]]. It is the first official language of the [[Punjab, India\|Indian State of Punjab]]. Punjabi also has second language official status in [[Delhi]] along with [[Urdu]], and in [[Haryana]]. <!-- [[BP:NFCC]] violation: [[File:2000 INR Rev 2016.jpg\|thumb\|right\|upright=0.68\|Punjabi on Indian currency, see in language box on eleventh place]] -->
	In Pakistan, no [[Languages of Pakistan\|regional ethnic language]] has been granted official status at the national level, and as such Punjabi is not an official language at the national level, even though it is the most spoken language in Pakistan after Urdu, the national language of Pakistan. It is, however, the official provincial language of [[Punjab, Pakistan]], the second largest and the most populous province of Pakistan as well as in [[Islamabad]] Capital Territory. The only two official languages in Pakistan are [[Urdu]] and [[Pakistani English\|English]].{{citation needed\|date=December 2020}}		In Pakistan, no [[Languages of Pakistan\|regional ethnic language]] has been granted official status at the national level, and as such Punjabi is not an official language at the national level, even though it is the most spoken language in Pakistan after Urdu, the national language of Pakistan. It is, however, the official provincial language of [[Punjab, Pakistan]], the second largest and the most populous province of Pakistan as well as in [[Islamabad]] Capital Territory. The only two official languages in Pakistan are [[Urdu]] and [[Pakistani English\|English]].{{citation needed\|date=December 2020}}

WikiDwarf: 1 revision imported

2021-04-22T18:43:21Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:13, 23 April 2021
(No difference)

Kannadaguy: 1 revision imported

2021-04-20T13:22:38Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 18:52, 20 April 2021
(No difference)

106.207.3.239 at 00:18, 20 April 2021

2021-04-20T00:18:47Z

Show changes

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:28, 2 July 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~{{pp\|small=yes}}~~
	{{Short description\|Indo-Aryan language native to the Punjab}}		{{Short description\|Indo-Aryan language native to the Punjab}}
	{{EngvarB\|date=October 2019}}		{{EngvarB\|date=October 2019}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:04, 1 June 2021
Line 439:		Line 439:
	Despite Punjabi's rich literary history, it was not until 1947 that it would be recognised as an official language. Previous governments in the area of the Punjab had favoured Persian, Hindustani, or even earlier standardised versions of local registers as the language of the court or government. After the annexation of the [[Sikh Empire]] by the [[East India Company\|British East India Company]] following the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] in 1849, the British policy of establishing a uniform language for administration was expanded into the Punjab. The British Empire employed Urdu in its administration of North-Central and Northwestern India, while in the North-East of India, [[Bengali language]] was used as the language of administration. Despite its lack of official sanction, the Punjabi language continued to flourish as an instrument of cultural production, with rich literary traditions continuing until modern times. The Sikh religion, with its [[Gurmukhi alphabet\|Gurmukhi]] script, played a special role in standardising and providing education in the language via [[Gurdwara]]s, while writers of all religions continued to produce poetry, prose, and literature in the language.		Despite Punjabi's rich literary history, it was not until 1947 that it would be recognised as an official language. Previous governments in the area of the Punjab had favoured Persian, Hindustani, or even earlier standardised versions of local registers as the language of the court or government. After the annexation of the [[Sikh Empire]] by the [[East India Company\|British East India Company]] following the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] in 1849, the British policy of establishing a uniform language for administration was expanded into the Punjab. The British Empire employed Urdu in its administration of North-Central and Northwestern India, while in the North-East of India, [[Bengali language]] was used as the language of administration. Despite its lack of official sanction, the Punjabi language continued to flourish as an instrument of cultural production, with rich literary traditions continuing until modern times. The Sikh religion, with its [[Gurmukhi alphabet\|Gurmukhi]] script, played a special role in standardising and providing education in the language via [[Gurdwara]]s, while writers of all religions continued to produce poetry, prose, and literature in the language.

	In India, Punjabi is one of the 22 [[scheduled languages of India]]. It is the first official language of the [[Punjab, India\|Indian State of Punjab]]. Punjabi also has second language official status in [[Delhi]] along with [[Urdu]], and in [[Haryana]]. <!-- [[WP:NFCC]] violation: [[File:2000 INR Rev 2016.jpg\|thumb\|right\|upright=0.68\|Punjabi on Indian currency, see in language box on eleventh place]] -->		In India, Punjabi is one of the 22 [[scheduled languages of India]]. It is the first official language of the [[Punjab, India\|Indian State of Punjab]]. Punjabi also has second language official status in [[Delhi]] along with [[Urdu]], and in [[Haryana]]. <!-- [[BP:NFCC]] violation: [[File:2000 INR Rev 2016.jpg\|thumb\|right\|upright=0.68\|Punjabi on Indian currency, see in language box on eleventh place]] -->
	In Pakistan, no [[Languages of Pakistan\|regional ethnic language]] has been granted official status at the national level, and as such Punjabi is not an official language at the national level, even though it is the most spoken language in Pakistan after Urdu, the national language of Pakistan. It is, however, the official provincial language of [[Punjab, Pakistan]], the second largest and the most populous province of Pakistan as well as in [[Islamabad]] Capital Territory. The only two official languages in Pakistan are [[Urdu]] and [[Pakistani English\|English]].{{citation needed\|date=December 2020}}		In Pakistan, no [[Languages of Pakistan\|regional ethnic language]] has been granted official status at the national level, and as such Punjabi is not an official language at the national level, even though it is the most spoken language in Pakistan after Urdu, the national language of Pakistan. It is, however, the official provincial language of [[Punjab, Pakistan]], the second largest and the most populous province of Pakistan as well as in [[Islamabad]] Capital Territory. The only two official languages in Pakistan are [[Urdu]] and [[Pakistani English\|English]].{{citation needed\|date=December 2020}}