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{{Short description|Provincial elections in Punjab}}

{{Infobox legislature
| name = Punjab Provincial Assembly
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Punjabi
| transcription_name =
| legislature =
| coa_pic =
| coa_res =
| coa_alt =
| logo_pic =
| logo_res =
| logo_alt =
| house_type = [[Unicameralism|Unicameral]]
| body =
| houses =
| term_limits = 5 years
| foundation = {{Start date|df=yes|1937|04|05}}
| disbanded = {{End date|df=yes|1947|07|04}}
| preceded_by = [[Punjab Legislative Council (British India)|Punjab Legislative Council]]
| succeeded_by =
*[[Interim East Punjab Assembly]] (India)
*[[Provincial Assembly of the Punjab|Provincial Assembly of West Punjab]] (Pakistan)
| new_session =
| leader1_type = Speaker
| leader1 = [[Shahab-ud-Din Virk]] {{small|(First)}}
| leader2 = Sataya Prakash Singha {{small|(Last)}}
| leader3_type = Deputy Speaker
| leader3 = Dasaundha Singh {{small|(First)}}
| party3 =
| election3 =
| leader4_type =
| leader4 = Kapur Singh {{small|(Last)}}
| party4 =
| election4 =
| leader5_type = Prime Minister
| leader5 = [[Sikandar Hayat Khan]] {{small|(First)}}
| party5 =
| election5 =
| leader6_type =
| leader6 = [[Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana]] {{small|(Last)}}
| party6 =
| election6 =
| leader7_type = Leader of Opposition
| leader7 = [[Gopi Chand Bhargava]] {{small|(First)}}
|leader8 = [[Iftikhar Hussain Khan Mamdot]] {{small|(Last)}}
| seats = '''175'''
* Single member-159
* Double member-8
| house1 =
| house2 =
| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post]]
| voting_system2 =
| first_election1 = [[1937 Punjab Provincial Assembly election|1937]]
| last_election1 = [[1946 Punjab Provincial Assembly election|1946]]
| previous_election1 =
| previous_election2 =
| meeting_place = [[Lahore]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| motto =
| constitution = [[Government of India Act 1935]]
}}
[[File:Punjan Assembly Building 1938.jpg|thumb|Punjab Assembly building in Lahore 1938.]]

The '''Punjab Provincial Assembly''' was the [[legislature]] of the province of [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]] in [[British India]]. Established by British authorities under [[Government of India Act 1935]], the assembly had executive powers and members directly elected from 175 constituencies by first past the post system.

==Speakers==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!S. No.
!Name
!colspan=2|Tenure
!colspan=2|Party
!Assembly
|-
!1
|[[Shahab-ud-Din Virk]]
|6 April 1937
|16 March 1945
|rowspan=2 bgcolor=blue|
|rowspan=2|[[Unionist Party (Punjab)|Unionist Party]]
|1st
|-
!2
|Sataya Prakash Singha
|21 March 1946
|4 July 1947
|2nd
|}

==Deputy Speakers==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!S. No.
!Name
!colspan=2|Tenure
!colspan=2|Party
!Assembly
|-
!1
|Dasaundha Singh
|6 April 1937
|7 April 1941
|rowspan=3 bgcolor=blue|
|rowspan=3|[[Unionist Party (Punjab)|Unionist Party]]
|rowspan=2|1st
|-
!2
|Gurbachan Singh
|22 April 1941
|16 March 1945
|-
!3
|Kapur Singh
|26 March 1946
|4 July 1947
|2nd
|}

==Prime minister==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!S. No.
!Name
!colspan=2|Tenure
!colspan=2|Party
!Assembly
|-
!1
|[[Sikandar Hayat Khan]]
|5 April 1937
|26 December 1942
|rowspan=3 style="background-color: {{party color | Unionist Party (Punjab)}}" |
|rowspan=3|[[Unionist Party (Punjab)|Unionist Party]]
|rowspan=2|1st
|-
!rowspan=2|2
|rowspan=2|[[Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana]]
|30 December 1942
|19 March 1945
|-
|21 March 1946
|2 March 1947
|2nd
|}

==Seats Distribution==
All 175 constituencies were reserved on the bases of religion. It was as follows:-
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!Constituency Type
!Urban
!Rural
!Total
|-
!General
|8
|34
!42
|-
!Muhammadans
|9
|75
!84
|-
!Sikhs
|2
|29
!31
|-
!Special^
| -
| -
!18
|-
!Total
!19
!138
!175
|}

'''^Special''' constituencies (non-territory constituency) were further divided into Categories and sub-categories as follow:-
* Women - 4
**General - 1
**Mohammadans - 2
**Sikhs - 1
* European - 1
* Anglo-Indian - 1
* Indian Christian - 2
* Punjab Commerce and Industry - 1
* Landholders - 5
**General - 1
**Mohammadans - 3
**Sikhs - 1
* Trade and Labour Unions - 3
* University - 1
==First Assembly==
{{Main|1937 Punjab Provincial Assembly election}}
[[File:Members of Punjab Provincial Assembly 1st.jpg|thumb|Members of Punjab Provincial Assembly elected in 1937]]
After the passing of Government of India act 1935, Provincial assembly was set up in Punjab. It consisted 175 constituencies. Out of these 159 were single-member constituencies and 8 were double-members constituencies. In double-members constituencies one was reserved for the [[Schedule Caste]] according to [[Poona Pact]].<ref>[http://panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/downloadPdf.jsp?file=BK-001213.pdf&docid=2769 Elections in Punjab 1920-1947 (Pdf)],(p. 16), Book by Kirpal C. Yadav. Retrieved 7 May 2021.</ref> In double constituencies each voter had two votes to cast his vote, one for SC candidate and one for general candidate but considered as one vote to calculate voter turnout.
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Seats won
|-
|bgcolor=#0A1BFF|
![[Unionist Party (Punjab)|Unionist Party]] (UoP)
|98
|-
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
![[Indian National Congress]] (INC)
|18
|-
|bgcolor=#147472|
![[Khalsa National Party]] (KNP)
|13
|-
|bgcolor=#8D0FCC|
![[Hindu Election Board]] (HEB)
|12
|-
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
![[Shiromani Akali Dal]] (SAD)
|11
|-
|bgcolor=#34CD20|
![[Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam]] (MAI)
|4
|-
|bgcolor=#256520|
![[All-India Muslim League]] (AIML)
|2
|-
|bgcolor=#007FFF|
![[Congress Nationalist Party]] (CNP)
|1
|-
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD|
![[Independent politician|Independents]] (IND)
|16
|-
!colspan=2|Total
!175
|-
!colspan=3| Source:<ref>[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.717.1331%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ved=2ahUKEwiCxq2d-cfwAhVVQH0KHZ-mBuc4ChAWMAV6BAgJEAI&usg=AOvVaw2wY8OBb_-lob-N7V3uw1pR Political Development and Political Parties in Punjan 1849-1948 (Pdf)], (p. 74), Pakistan Journal of Social Science Vol. 29, No. 1 (June 2009) pp. 65-78. Retrieved 14 May 2021.</ref>
|}

==Second Assembly==
{{Main|1946 Punjab Provincial Assembly election}}
On the eve of the elections, the political landscape in the Punjab was finely poised, and the Muslim League offered a credible alternative to the Unionist Party. The transformation itself had been rapid, as most landlords and pirs had not switched allegiance until after 1944.<ref name=Talbot>{{cite journal |last=Talbot |first=I. A. |year=1980 |title=The 1946 Punjab Elections |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=65–91 |jstor=312214 |doi=10.1017/s0026749x00012178|s2cid=145320008 }}</ref> The breakdown of talks between the Punjab Premier, [[Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana]] and [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] in late 1944 had meant many Muslims were now forced to choose between the two parties at the forthcoming election.<ref name=Talbot/> A further blow for the Unionists came with death of its leading statesman Sir [[Chhotu Ram]] in early 1945.

The Result of election was as follows:-<ref>[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.717.1331%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ved=2ahUKEwiCxq2d-cfwAhVVQH0KHZ-mBuc4ChAWMAV6BAgJEAI&usg=AOvVaw2wY8OBb_-lob-N7V3uw1pR Political Development and Political Parties in Punjan 1849-1948 (Pdf)], (p. 74), Pakistan Journal of Social Science Vol. 29, No. 1 (June 2009) pp. 65-78. Retrieved 14 May 2021.</ref>
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Seats won
!Change
|-
|bgcolor=#256520|
![[All-India Muslim League]]
|73
|{{increase}} 71
|-
|bgcolor=#00BFFF|
![[Indian National Congress]]
|51
|{{increase}} 33
|-
|bgcolor=#FF9933|
![[Shiromani Akali Dal]]
|21
|{{increase}} 10
|-
|bgcolor=blue|
![[Unionist Party (Punjab)|Unionist Party]]
|19
|{{decrease}} 79
|-
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD|
![[Independent politician|Independent]]
|11
|{{decrease}} 05
|-
!
!Others
|0
|{{decrease}} 30
|-
!colspan=2|Total
!colspan=2|175
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Punjab Province (British India)]]
[[Category:Legislatures of British India]]

Punjab Provincial Assembly (British India) - Revision history

Stoutsanitaryware: adding a pg