Puncha (community development block) - Revision history

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	===Language and religion===		===Language and religion===
	In the 2001 census, [[Bengali language\|Bengali]] was the mother tongue for 76.6% of the population of the district, followed by [[Santali language\|Santali]] 11.4%, [[Kurmali language\|Kurmali Thar]] 7.7%, [[Hindi]] 1.9%, [[Urdu]] 1.1%, [[Khortha language\|Khortha/ Khotta]] 0.3%, [[Telugu language\|Telugu]] 0.2%, [[Odia language\|Odia]] 0.1%, [[Mundari language\|Mundari]] 0.1% and other languages 0.4%.<ref>{{cite web\| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf \|title = District Census Handbook Puruliya, Series 20, Part XXA \|work = page 44: Mother tongue\| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal \| access-date = 12 January 2020}}</ref>

	There is a tribal presence in many of the CD blocks of the district. [[Santali language\|Santali]] was spoken by around 14% of the population of the earlier Manbhum district. Some people also speak [[Mundari language\|Mundari]] or [[Kolarian]] languages such as [[Kurmali dialect\|Kurmali]], Mundari and the languages of the [[Bhumij people\|Bhumij]] or [[Mahli tribe\|Mahli]] communities.<ref>{{Cite web\| url = https://archive.org/stream/manbhum01coup/manbhum01coup_djvu.txt \| title = Bengal District Gazetteers - Manbhum by H. Coupland, ICS \|work= Section 72, First Published 1911\|publisher= University of California, San Diego \|access-date = 27 September 2016}}</ref>

	The West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2012, included Hindi, Santhali, Odiya and Punjabi as official languages if it is spoken by a population exceeding 10 per cent of the whole in a particular block or sub-division or a district. Subsequently, Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi and Kurmali were also included in the list of minority languages by the West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2018.<ref>{{cite web\| url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/west-bengal/multi-lingual-bengal/cid/358751 \|title = Multilingual Bengal \|publisher= The Telegraph, 11 December 2012 \| access-date = 15 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\| url = https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/kamtapuri-rajbanshi-make-it-to-list-of-official-languages-in-bengal/1263116 \|title = Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi make it to the list of official languages in Bengal \|publisher= Outlook, 28 February 2015 \| access-date = 15 January 2019}}</ref> However, as of 2020, there is no official / other reliable information about the areas covered.

	{{bar box		{{bar box
	\|title=Religion in Puncha CD block		\|title=Religion in Puncha CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
	\|titlebar=#~~ddd~~		\|titlebar=#FCD116
	\|left1=		\|left1=
	\|float=~~right~~		\|float=left
	\|bars=		\|bars=
	{{bar percent\|[[~~Hindu~~]]\|~~Orange~~\|82.09}}		{{bar percent\|[[Hinduism in West Bengal\|Hinduism]]\|darkorange\|82.09}}
	{{bar percent\|~~[[Muslim]]~~\|~~Green~~\|3.55}}		{{bar percent\|Other <small>(tribal religion)</small>\|maroon\|14.08}}
	{{bar percent\|[[~~Christians~~\|~~Christian~~]]\|~~Blue~~\|0.04}}		{{bar percent\|[[Islam in West Bengal\|Islam]]\|green\|3.55}}
	{{bar percent\|~~Others~~\|~~Yellow~~\|14.32}}		{{bar percent\|Other or not stated\|black\|0.28}}
	}}		}}
	In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 101,672 and formed 82.09% of the population in the Puncha CD block. Muslims numbered 4,402 and formed 3.55~~% of the population. Christians numbered 53 and formed 0.04~~% of the population. Others numbered 17,~~728~~ and formed 14.32% of the population.<ref name=~~censusreligion2011~~>{{~~cite~~ web\| url = ~~http~~://~~www.~~censusindia.gov.in/~~2011census~~/c-01.~~html~~ \|~~title~~ = ~~C1 Population by Religious Community \| work= West Bengal~~ \|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India ~~\| access-date = 28 September 2016~~}}</ref> Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria,<ref>{{cite web\| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14A.html \|title = ST-14 A Details Of Religions Shown Under 'Other Religions And Persuasions' In Main Table \| work= West Bengal \|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India \| access-date = 28 September 2016}}</ref> and other religious communities.<ref name=~~censusreligion2011~~/>
			In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 101,672 and formed 82.09% of the population in the Puncha CD block. Muslims numbered 4,402 and formed 3.55% of the population. Others numbered 17,781 and formed 14.36% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web \|date=2011 \|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal \|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS \|website=censusindia.gov.in \|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria,<ref>{{cite web\| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14A.html \|title = ST-14 A Details Of Religions Shown Under 'Other Religions And Persuasions' In Main Table \| work= West Bengal \|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India \| access-date = 28 September 2016}}</ref> and other religious communities. In 2001, Hindus were 82.42%, Muslims 3.50% and tribal religions 13.87% of the population respectively.<ref name=censusreligion2001>{{cite web\| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21481/download/24613/PC01_C01_19.xls\|title = Table C01 Population by Religious Community: West Bengal \|publisher = [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] \|date=2001}}</ref>

			{{Pie chart
			\|caption = Languages of Puncha CD block (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
			\|label1 = [[Bengali language\|Bengali]] \|value1 = 83.37 \|color1 = orchid
			\|label2 = [[Santali language\|Santali]] \|value2 = 12.49 \|color2 = darkturquoise
			\|label3 = [[Kurmali language\|Kurmali]] \|value3 = 2.74 \|color3 = pink
			\|label4 = Others \|value4 = 1.40 \|color4 = grey
			}}

			At the time of the 2011 census, 83.37% of the population spoke [[Bengali language\|Bengali]], 12.49% [[Santali language\|Santali]] and 2.74% [[Kurmali language\|Kurmali]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web \|title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal \|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX \|website=www.censusindia.gov.in \|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

	==Rural Poverty==		==Rural Poverty==
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	In the Puncha CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 21,480 and formed 33.03%, agricultural labourers numbered 30,933 and formed 47.57%, household industry workers numbered 1,581 and formed 2.43% and other workers numbered 11,037 and formed 16.97%.<ref>{{cite web\| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf\|title = District Census Handbook Puruliya, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A \|work = Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity in Sub-district 2011 \| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal\| access-date = 12 January 2020}}</ref> Total workers numbered 65,031 and formed 52.51% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 58,824 and formed 47.49% of the population.<ref>{{cite web\| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf\|title = District Census Handbook Puruliya, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A \|work = Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 \| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal\| access-date = 12 January 2020}}</ref>		In the Puncha CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 21,480 and formed 33.03%, agricultural labourers numbered 30,933 and formed 47.57%, household industry workers numbered 1,581 and formed 2.43% and other workers numbered 11,037 and formed 16.97%.<ref>{{cite web\| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf\|title = District Census Handbook Puruliya, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A \|work = Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity in Sub-district 2011 \| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal\| access-date = 12 January 2020}}</ref> Total workers numbered 65,031 and formed 52.51% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 58,824 and formed 47.49% of the population.<ref>{{cite web\| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf\|title = District Census Handbook Puruliya, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A \|work = Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 \| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal\| access-date = 12 January 2020}}</ref>

	<small>Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India\|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web\| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf\|title = District Census Handbook Puruliya, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A \|work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 23 \| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal\| access-date = 12 January 2020}}</ref></small>		<small>Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India\|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web\| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf\|title = District Census Handbook Puruliya, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A \|work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 23 \| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal\| access-date = 12 January 2020}}</ref></small>

	===Infrastructure===		===Infrastructure===

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← Older revision		Revision as of 13:29, 1 June 2022
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	In the 2001 census, [[Bengali language\|Bengali]] was the mother tongue for 76.6% of the population of the district, followed by [[Santali language\|Santali]] 11.4%, [[Kurmali language\|Kurmali Thar]] 7.7%, [[Hindi]] 1.9%, [[Urdu]] 1.1%, [[Khortha language\|Khortha/ Khotta]] 0.3%, [[Telugu language\|Telugu]] 0.2%, [[Odia language\|Odia]] 0.1%, [[Mundari language\|Mundari]] 0.1% and other languages 0.4%.<ref>{{cite web\| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf \|title = District Census Handbook Puruliya, Series 20, Part XXA \|work = page 44: Mother tongue\| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal \| access-date = 12 January 2020}}</ref>		In the 2001 census, [[Bengali language\|Bengali]] was the mother tongue for 76.6% of the population of the district, followed by [[Santali language\|Santali]] 11.4%, [[Kurmali language\|Kurmali Thar]] 7.7%, [[Hindi]] 1.9%, [[Urdu]] 1.1%, [[Khortha language\|Khortha/ Khotta]] 0.3%, [[Telugu language\|Telugu]] 0.2%, [[Odia language\|Odia]] 0.1%, [[Mundari language\|Mundari]] 0.1% and other languages 0.4%.<ref>{{cite web\| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf \|title = District Census Handbook Puruliya, Series 20, Part XXA \|work = page 44: Mother tongue\| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal \| access-date = 12 January 2020}}</ref>

	There is a tribal presence in many of the CD blocks of the district. [[Santali language\|Santali]] was spoken by around 14% of the population of the earlier Manbhum district. Some people also speak [[Mundari language\|Mundari]] or [[Kolarian]] languages such as [[Kurmali dialect\|Kurmali]], Mundari and the languages of the [[Bhumij]] or [[Mahli tribe\|Mahli]] communities.<ref>{{Cite web\| url = https://archive.org/stream/manbhum01coup/manbhum01coup_djvu.txt \| title = Bengal District Gazetteers - Manbhum by H. Coupland, ICS \|work= Section 72, First Published 1911\|publisher= University of California, San Diego \|access-date = 27 September 2016}}</ref>		There is a tribal presence in many of the CD blocks of the district. [[Santali language\|Santali]] was spoken by around 14% of the population of the earlier Manbhum district. Some people also speak [[Mundari language\|Mundari]] or [[Kolarian]] languages such as [[Kurmali dialect\|Kurmali]], Mundari and the languages of the [[Bhumij people\|Bhumij]] or [[Mahli tribe\|Mahli]] communities.<ref>{{Cite web\| url = https://archive.org/stream/manbhum01coup/manbhum01coup_djvu.txt \| title = Bengal District Gazetteers - Manbhum by H. Coupland, ICS \|work= Section 72, First Published 1911\|publisher= University of California, San Diego \|access-date = 27 September 2016}}</ref>

	The West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2012, included Hindi, Santhali, Odiya and Punjabi as official languages if it is spoken by a population exceeding 10 per cent of the whole in a particular block or sub-division or a district. Subsequently, Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi and Kurmali were also included in the list of minority languages by the West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2018.<ref>{{cite web\| url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/west-bengal/multi-lingual-bengal/cid/358751 \|title = Multilingual Bengal \|publisher= The Telegraph, 11 December 2012 \| access-date = 15 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\| url = https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/kamtapuri-rajbanshi-make-it-to-list-of-official-languages-in-bengal/1263116 \|title = Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi make it to the list of official languages in Bengal \|publisher= Outlook, 28 February 2015 \| access-date = 15 January 2019}}</ref> However, as of 2020, there is no official / other reliable information about the areas covered.		The West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2012, included Hindi, Santhali, Odiya and Punjabi as official languages if it is spoken by a population exceeding 10 per cent of the whole in a particular block or sub-division or a district. Subsequently, Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi and Kurmali were also included in the list of minority languages by the West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2018.<ref>{{cite web\| url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/west-bengal/multi-lingual-bengal/cid/358751 \|title = Multilingual Bengal \|publisher= The Telegraph, 11 December 2012 \| access-date = 15 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\| url = https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/kamtapuri-rajbanshi-make-it-to-list-of-official-languages-in-bengal/1263116 \|title = Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi make it to the list of official languages in Bengal \|publisher= Outlook, 28 February 2015 \| access-date = 15 January 2019}}</ref> However, as of 2020, there is no official / other reliable information about the areas covered.

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{{Infobox settlement
| name = Puncha
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.123|N|86.653|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Purulia district|Purulia]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Community development blocks in India|Community development block]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 330.11
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 236
| population_total = 123,855
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Santali language|Santali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 723151 (Puncha)
|area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
|area_code = 03253
|registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-55, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-56
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 68.14%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Purulia (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purulia]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Manbazar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Manbazar]]
| website = {{URL|purulia.gov.in/}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Puncha''' is a [[Community development blocks in India|community development block (CD block)]] that forms an administrative division in the [[Manbazar subdivision]] of the [[Purulia district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==History==
===Background===
The ''Jaina Bhagavati-Sutra'' of the 5th century AD mentions that Purulia was one of the 16 [[mahajanapadas]] and part of the [[Vajjabhumi|Vajrabhumi]] kingdom. In 1833, the [[Manbhum]] district was carved out of the [[Jungle Mahals]] district, with headquarters at Manbazar. In 1838, the headquarters was transferred to [[Purulia]]. After independence, when Manbhum district was a part of [[Bihar]], efforts were made to impose Hindi on the Bengali-speaking majority of the district and it led to the [[Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)]]. In 1956, the Manbhum district was partitioned between Bihar and [[West Bengal]] under the [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956|States Reorganization Act]] and the Bihar and West Bengal (Transfer of Territories) Act 1956.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://purulia.gov.in/district_profile/dist_profile.html | title = Historical background | access-date = 2008-03-02 | publisher = Purulia District |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080103032840/http://purulia.gov.in/district_profile/dist_profile.html  |archive-date = 2008-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.purulia.nic.in/distAdmin/departments/dico/bhasa_andolon.html| title = Historical Event: Bhasa Andolan|work= Department of Information and Cultural Affairs| publisher = Purulia.nic.in |access-date = 4 February 2020}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Purulia Tehsil Map.svg|thumb|450px|left|'''CD blocks in Purulia district''']]
Puncha is located at {{coord|23.123|N|86.653|E|format=dms|}}.

The Puncha CD block is located in the eastern part of the district. The [[Kangsabati River]] forms the boundary between the Puncha and [[Hura (community development block)|Hura]] CD blocks. The lower Kangsabati basin has degraded lowlands.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Puruliya |work = pages 11,12 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 6 December 2016}}</ref>

The Puncha CD block is bounded by the [[Hura (community development block)|Hura]] CD block on the north, the [[Hirbandh (community development block)|Hirbandh]] CD block, in the Bankura district, on the east, the [[Manbazar I]] CD block on the south, and the [[Purulia I]] CD block on the west.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://purulia.gov.in/distAdmin/blocks/blocks.html |title = Purulia district |work = Blocks in Purulia district | publisher= Purulia district administration | access-date = 14 September 2016}}</ref>

The Puncha CD block has an area of 330.11 km2. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 10 [[gram panchayat]]s, 97 gram sansads (village councils), 109 [[mouza]]s and 99 inhabited villages. [[Puncha, Purulia#Police station|Puncha]] (partly) and [[Kenda, Purulia#Police station|Kenda]] (partly) police stations serve this block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purulia |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 12 January 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref> Headquarters of this CD block is at [[Puncha, Purulia|Puncha]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://purulia.gov.in/distAdmin/blocks/block_puncha/block_puncha.html |title = Puncha Development Block | publisher= Purulia district administration | access-date = 12 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Puruliya | work= Map of District Puruliya with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 2 December 2016 }}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s of the Puncha block/[[panchayat samiti]] are: Bagda, Chandra, Chhirudih, Jambad, Kenda, Lakhra, Na-para, Panipathar, Pirrah and Puncha.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Purulia - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 12 January 2020}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], the Puncha CD block had a total population of 123,855, all of which were rural. There were 62,676 (51%) males and 61,179 (49%) females. Therewere 16,012 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 18,006 (14.54%) and the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 30,641 (24.74%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 12 September 2016}}</ref>

According to the 2001 census, the Puncha CD block had a total population of 108,045, out of which 54,636 were males and 53,409 were females. The Puncha CD block registered a population growth of 12.09 per cent during the 1991–2001 decade. Decadal growth for the Purulia district was 13.96 per cent.<ref name=census>{{cite web | url = http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_14.htm | title = Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, Puruliya District | access-date = 12 September 2016 | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India|url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928205850/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_14.htm|archive-date= 28 September 2011}}</ref> Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date= 17 July 2016 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}</ref>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in the Puncha CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Puncha, Purulia|Puncha]] (5,404) and Pirra (4,049).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in the Puncha CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): [[Laulara, Purulia|Laulara]] (2,473), Jambad (3,776), Chandra (3,884), Chhirudi (2,243), Bagda (2,370), Lakhra (685), Kenda (3,803) and Panipathar (2,118).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
According to the 2011 census the total number of literate persons in the Puncha CD block was 73,486 (68.14% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 44,267 (78.37% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 29,219 (54.82%) of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 26.34%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Purulia district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
In the 2001 census, [[Bengali language|Bengali]] was the mother tongue for 76.6% of the population of the district, followed by [[Santali language|Santali]] 11.4%, [[Kurmali language|Kurmali Thar]] 7.7%, [[Hindi]] 1.9%, [[Urdu]] 1.1%, [[Khortha language|Khortha/ Khotta]] 0.3%, [[Telugu language|Telugu]] 0.2%, [[Odia language|Odia]] 0.1%, [[Mundari language|Mundari]] 0.1% and other languages 0.4%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Puruliya, Series 20, Part XXA |work = page 44: Mother tongue| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 12 January 2020}}</ref>

There is a tribal presence in many of the CD blocks of the district. [[Santali language|Santali]] was spoken by around 14% of the population of the earlier Manbhum district. Some people also speak [[Mundari language|Mundari]] or [[Kolarian]] languages such as [[Kurmali dialect|Kurmali]], Mundari and the languages of the [[Bhumij]] or [[Mahli tribe|Mahli]] communities.<ref>{{Cite web| url = https://archive.org/stream/manbhum01coup/manbhum01coup_djvu.txt | title = Bengal District Gazetteers - Manbhum by H. Coupland, ICS |work= Section 72, First Published 1911|publisher= University of California, San Diego |access-date = 27 September 2016}}</ref>

The West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2012, included Hindi, Santhali, Odiya and Punjabi as official languages if it is spoken by a population exceeding 10 per cent of the whole in a particular block or sub-division or a district. Subsequently, Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi and Kurmali were also included in the list of minority languages by the West Bengal Official Language (Second Amendment) Bill, 2018.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/west-bengal/multi-lingual-bengal/cid/358751 |title = Multilingual Bengal |publisher= The Telegraph, 11 December 2012 | access-date = 15 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/kamtapuri-rajbanshi-make-it-to-list-of-official-languages-in-bengal/1263116 |title = Kamtapuri, Rajbanshi make it to the list of official languages in Bengal |publisher= Outlook, 28 February 2015 | access-date = 15 January 2019}}</ref> However, as of 2020, there is no official / other reliable information about the areas covered.

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Puncha CD block
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindu]]|Orange|82.09}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslim]]|Green|3.55}}
{{bar percent|[[Christians|Christian]]|Blue|0.04}}
{{bar percent|Others|Yellow|14.32}}
}}
In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 101,672 and formed 82.09% of the population in the Puncha CD block. Muslims numbered 4,402 and formed 3.55% of the population. Christians numbered 53 and formed 0.04% of the population. Others numbered 17,728 and formed 14.32% of the population.<ref name=censusreligion2011>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/c-01.html |title = C1 Population by Religious Community | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 28 September 2016}}</ref> Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria,<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14A.html |title = ST-14 A Details Of Religions Shown Under 'Other Religions And Persuasions' In Main Table | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 28 September 2016}}</ref> and other religious communities.<ref name=censusreligion2011/>

==Rural Poverty==
According to the Rural Household Survey in 2005, 32.85% of total number of families were [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] families in Purulia district.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://220.225.90.38/Summary/WestBengal.htm| title =West Bengal Summary | work= Rural Household Survey 2005| publisher = Department of Panchayat & Rural Development, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 11 January 2020}}</ref> According to a World Bank report, as of 2012, 31-38% of the population in Purulia, Murshidabad and Uttar Dinajpur districts were below poverty level, the highest among the districts of West Bengal, which had an average 20% of the population below poverty line.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/315791504252302097/pdf/119344-BRI-P157572-West-Bengal-Poverty.pdf| title = West Bengal: Poverty, Growth and Inequality| publisher = World Bank Group|access-date = 11 January 2020}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Puncha CD block'''
|value1 = 33.03
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 47.57
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 2.43
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 16.97
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In the Puncha CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 21,480 and formed 33.03%, agricultural labourers numbered 30,933 and formed 47.57%, household industry workers numbered 1,581 and formed 2.43% and other workers numbered 11,037 and formed 16.97%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Puruliya, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity in Sub-district 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 12 January 2020}}</ref> Total workers numbered 65,031 and formed 52.51% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 58,824 and formed 47.49% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Puruliya, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 12 January 2020}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Puruliya, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 23 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 12 January 2020}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 99 inhabited villages in the Puncha CD block, as per the ''District Census Handbook'', Puruliya, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 100% villages have drinking water supply. 20 villages (20.20%) have post offices. 91 villages (91.92%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 35 villages (35.35%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 39 villages (39.39%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 9 villages (9.09%) have agricultural credit societies and 6 villages (6.06%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Puruliya, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 79, Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 13 January 2020}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
In 2013–14, persons engaged in agriculture in the Puncha CD Block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 0.35%, patta (document) holders 6.21%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 6.34%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 22.88% and agricultural labourers 64.21%.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purulia | work = Tables 8.2, 17.2, 18.2, 18.1, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 12 January 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In 2013–14, the total area irrigated in the Puncha CD block was 7,192.15 hectares, out of which 6,342.35 hectares by tank water, 70.60 hectares by river lift irrigation, 214.20 hectares by open dug wells and 565.00 hectares by other means.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013–14, the Puncha CD block produced 20 tonnes of Aus paddy, the summer crop, from 14 hectares, 3,103 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 1,490 hectares, 44 tonnes of wheat from 20 hectares, 443 tonnes of maize from 241 hectares, 215 tonnes of jute from 11 hectares and 3,551 tonnes of potatoes from 119 hectares. It also produced maskalai, [[Lathyrus sativus|khesari]], [[Vigna mungo|gram]], mustard, [[Sesame|til]] and sugarcane. It was the only CD Block in Purulia district to record some production of jute.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Banking===
In 2013–14, the Puncha CD block had offices of 2 commercial bank and 3 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
The Purulia district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 12 January 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 12 January 2020}}</ref>

==Transport==
In 2013–14, the Puncha CD block had 7 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station was 43 km from CD block headquarters.<ref name=handbook2014/>

==Education==
In 2013–14, the Puncha CD block had 162 [[primary school]]s with 11,064 students, 25 middle schools with 591 students, 9 high schools with 3,417 students and 12 higher secondary schools with 13,225 students. The Puncha CD block had 2 general [[college]]s with 2,224 students and 284 institutions with 8,561 students for special and [[Non formal education|non-formal education]].<ref name=handbook2014/>

See also – [[Education in India]]

According to the 2011 census, in Puncha CD block, amongst the 99 inhabited villages, 5 villages did not have a school, 44 villages had two or more primary schools, 35 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 24 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Puruliya, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 976-77, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 18 January 2020}}</ref>

[[Ramananda Centenary College]] was established in 1971 at [[Laulara, Purulia|Laulara]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.ramanandacentenarycollege.in/#ad-image-1|title =Ramananda Centenary College |publisher= RCC | access-date = 17 January 2020 }}</ref>

[[Sitaram Mahato Memorial College]] was established in 2015 at [[Kuruktopa]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://smmcollege.ac.in/ |title = Sitaram Mahato Memorial College |publisher= SMMC | access-date = 17 January 2020 }}</ref>

Ganesh Mahato Memorial Teachers Training Institute (D.Ed) is proposed at Pirra, Kenda, Purulia.

==Culture==
There are remains of old Jain temples at [[Pakbirra]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Puruliya, Series 20, Part XII A| work= Page 102:Brief Description of Places of Religious, Historical or Archaeological Importance and Places of Tourist Interest of the District | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 19 January 2020}}</ref>

There are remains of another old [[Shiva]] temple at Kanara (কানড়া).

==Healthcare==
In 2014, the Puncha CD Block had one block primary health centre and three primary health centres, with a total of 52 beds and 8 doctors. 5,018 patients were treated indoor and 214,312 patients were treated outdoor in the [[hospital]]s, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

Puncha Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at [[Puncha, Purulia|Puncha]], is the major government medical facility in the Puncha CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Bagda (with 10 beds), Nowagarh (PO Raj Nowagarh) (with 6 beds) and Anandadwip ([[Kuruktopa]]) (with 2 beds)<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 18 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 18 January 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Purulia topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Purulia district]]