Puli Kali - Revision history

JungPapst1287 at 06:44, 24 November 2024

2024-11-24T06:44:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:14, 24 November 2024
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			{{Short description\|Recreational folk art from the state of Kerala}}
	{{Expand Malayalam\|date=August 2019}}{{More citations needed\|date=August 2019}}		{{Expand Malayalam\|date=August 2019}}{{More citations needed\|date=August 2019}}

Line 4:		Line 5:
	{{Use Indian English\|date=December 2018}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=December 2018}}
	{{Infobox recurring event		{{Infobox recurring event
	\| name= Pulikkali ~~<br>~~പുലിക്കളി		\| name = Pulikkali
	\| logo=		\| native_name = പുലിക്കളി
	\| image= Pulikkali during Onam.jpg		\| logo =
	\| founded= 1886		\| image = Pulikkali during Onam.jpg
	\| dates=4th Onam day ([[~~Chathayam~~]]) in the month of [[Chingam]]		\| country = [[India]]
	\| genre= Pulikkali (Tiger Dance)		\| founded = {{Start date and age\|1886\|\|}}
	\| patron=		\| founder_name = [[Sakthan Thampuran]]
	\| website=		\| dates = 4th Onam day ([[Vishākhā\|Vishakham]]) in the month of [[Chingam]]
			\| frequency = Annually
			\| venue = [[Swaraj Round, Thrissur]]
			\| genre = Pulikkali (Tiger Dance)
			\| patron =
			\| website =
	}}		}}

	'''~~Pulikkali~~''' (Meaning: [[~~Leopard~~]] ~~game~~) is a recreational folk art from the state of [[Kerala]], India.<ref>[http://www.musicmalt.com/2014/08/puli-kali-procession-Athachamayam-Kerala.html Pulikkali Procession on the occasion of Athachamayam celebrations in Tripunithura, Kerala], ''Musicmalt.com''</ref> It is performed by trained artists to entertain people on the occasion of [[Onam]], an annual [[harvest festival]], celebrated mainly in the [[India]]n state of [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite web \|title=Pulikali \|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/event/pulikali/40 \|website=Kerala Tourism \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118020140/https://www.keralatourism.org/event/pulikali/40 \|archive-date=January 18, 2021 \|language=English}}</ref> On the fourth day of [[Onam]] celebrations (~~Nalaam~~ Onam or ~~Vishakam~~), performers painted like tigers and leopards in bright yellow, red, and black shake their bellies and dance to the beats of instruments like ~~Udukku~~ and ~~Thakil~~.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Pulikali, Tiger Dance, Onam \|url=http://www.keralaculture.org/pulikali/391 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124121510/http://www.keralaculture.org/pulikali/391 \|archive-date=November 24, 2020 \|language=English}}</ref> ~~Literal~~ meaning of Pulikkali is 'The tiger dance' hence the performance ~~revolve~~ around the theme of tiger hunting. Folk art is mainly practiced in [[Thrissur district]] of [[Kerala]]. The best place to watch the show is at [[Thrissur]] on the fourth day of [[Onam]], where Pulikkali troupes from all over the district assemble to display their skills. The festival attracts thousands of people to the [[Thrissur]] city. Pulikkali is also performed during various other festive seasons.		'''Puli kali''' (Meaning: [[Tiger]] Dance) is a recreational folk art from the state of [[Kerala]], India.<ref>[http://www.musicmalt.com/2014/08/puli-kali-procession-Athachamayam-Kerala.html Pulikkali Procession on the occasion of Athachamayam celebrations in Tripunithura, Kerala], ''Musicmalt.com''</ref> It is performed by trained artists to entertain people on the occasion of [[Onam]], an annual [[harvest festival]], celebrated mainly in the [[India]]n state of [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite web \|title=Pulikali \|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/event/pulikali/40 \|website=Kerala Tourism \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118020140/https://www.keralatourism.org/event/pulikali/40 \|archive-date=January 18, 2021 \|language=English}}</ref> On the fourth day of [[Onam]] celebrations (Naalaam Onam or chathayam), performers painted like tigers and leopards in bright yellow, red, and black shake their bellies and dance to the beats of instruments like Chenda and Chengila.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Pulikali, Tiger Dance, Onam \|url=http://www.keralaculture.org/pulikali/391 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124121510/http://www.keralaculture.org/pulikali/391 \|archive-date=November 24, 2020 \|language=English}}</ref> The literal meaning of Pulikkali is 'The tiger dance' hence the performance revolves around the theme of tiger hunting. Folk art is mainly practiced in the [[Thrissur district]] of [[Kerala]]. The best place to watch the show is at [[Thrissur]] on the fourth day of [[Onam]], where Pulikkali troupes from all over the district assemble to display their skills. The festival attracts thousands of people to the [[Thrissur]] city. Pulikkali is also performed during various other festive seasons.

	==History==		==History==
	{{See also\|Onam}}		{{See also\|Onam}}
	The origin of Pulikkali dates back to over 200 years, when the Maharaja Rama Varma [[Sakthan Thampuran]], the then Maharaja of [[Kingdom of Cochin\|Cochin]], is said to have introduced the folk art. They used to perform the art form decked as tigers with peculiar steps resembling the tiger, then known as 'Pulikkettikali' which was immensely enjoyed by the locals. Pulikkali in [[Thrissur]] is held in memory of this event.<ref>{{cite web		The origin of Pulikkali dates back over 200 years, when the Maharaja Rama Varma [[Sakthan Thampuran]], the then Maharaja of [[Kingdom of Cochin\|Cochin]], is said to have introduced the folk art. They used to perform the art form decked as tigers with peculiar steps resembling the tiger, then known as 'Pulikkettikali' which was immensely enjoyed by the locals. Pulikkali in [[Thrissur]] is held in memory of this event.<ref>{{cite web
	\|url=http://sify.com/news/colourful-tiger-art-with-folk-dance-for-onam-news-national-ki1labiicib.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117203349/https://www.sify.com/news/colourful-tiger-art-with-folk-dance-for-onam-news-national-ki1labiicib.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=17 January 2020\|title=Colourful tiger art with folk dance for Onam		\|url=http://sify.com/news/colourful-tiger-art-with-folk-dance-for-onam-news-national-ki1labiicib.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117203349/https://www.sify.com/news/colourful-tiger-art-with-folk-dance-for-onam-news-national-ki1labiicib.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=17 January 2020\|title=Colourful tiger art with folk dance for Onam
	\|~~publisher~~=Sify		\|website=[[Sify]]
	\|access-date=12 September 2010}}</ref>		\|access-date=12 September 2010}}</ref>

	~~[[File:Body Painting Puli Kali Artist.jpg\|thumb\|Puli Kali Artist]]~~

	==Modern==		==Modern==
	[[~~File:~~Pulikkali ~~2010.jpg\|thumb\|~~Pulikkali ~~2010~~]]		Over the years, there have been changes in the adornment of Pulikali dancers. In the early days, masks were not used and participants would have themselves painted all over, on their faces as well. But now, ready-made masks, cosmetic teeth, tongues, beards, and mustaches are used by the participants along with the paint on their bodies. The tigers also wear a broad belt with jingles around their waist. The festival in [[Thrissur]] has now become an all peoples event with a huge response from people, especially youths who come forward to participate in the festival, and also from sponsors. The event is organized by the Pulikkali Co-ordination Committee, a unified council of Pulikkali groups formed in 2004 in [[Thrissur]] to preserve and propagate the art in all its true hues and tones. The Thrissur Municipal Corporation gives a grant of Rs 30,000($400) for each Pulikkali troupe.

	Over the years, there have been changes in the adornment of Pulikali dancers. In the early days, masks were not used and participants would have themselves painted all over, on their faces as well. But now, ready-made masks, cosmetic teeth, tongues, beards, and mustaches are used by the participants along with the paint on their bodies. The tigers also wear a broad belt with jingles around their waist. The festival in [[~~Thrissur]] has now become an all peoples event with a huge response from people, especially youths who come forward to participate in the festival, and also from sponsors~~. ~~The event is organized by the~~ Pulikkali Co-~~ordination Committee, a unified council of Pulikkali groups formed in 2004 in [[Thrissur~~]] ~~to preserve and propagate the art in all its true hues and tones. The Thrissur Municipal Corporation gives a grant of Rs 30,000 for each Pulikkali troupe.~~		[[File:Pulikkali - പുലിക്കളി.webm\|thumb\|Pulikkali - പുലിക്കളി]]

	Usually, men and children perform this art form. For the first time, 3 women among a 51 member team participated in the Pulikali at Thrissur in 2016.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Tigresses roar: Kerala's Pulikali dance sees women actors for the first time in 200 years \|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tigresses-roar-keralas-pulikali-dance-sees-women-actors-first-time-200-years-50026 \|date=September 17, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=Three women make roaring entry into ~~Kerala’s~~ male-dominated Pulikali show \|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/kerala-onam-pulikali-festival-women-tigers-dress-up-three-women-make-roaring-entry-into-keralas-male-dominated-pulikali-show-3036648/}}</ref>		Usually, men and children perform this art form. For the first time, 3 women among a 51-member team participated in the Pulikali at Thrissur in 2016.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Tigresses roar: Kerala's Pulikali dance sees women actors for the first time in 200 years \|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tigresses-roar-keralas-pulikali-dance-sees-women-actors-first-time-200-years-50026 \|date=September 17, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=Three women make roaring entry into Kerala's male-dominated Pulikali show \|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/kerala-onam-pulikali-festival-women-tigers-dress-up-three-women-make-roaring-entry-into-keralas-male-dominated-pulikali-show-3036648/}}</ref>

	Due to [[COVID-19]] and [[COVID-19 lockdowns\|lockdown]] restrictions, many Onam celebrations were put off. Under the initiative of Ayyanthole Desham Pulikkali Samithy, Pulikali was live-streamed on their [[Facebook]] page. About 17 people took part in the dance virtually from various locations.<ref>{{cite news \|title=This year, over 25,000 Pulikali lovers watched the ~~‘tigers’~~ from Thrissur online \|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/year-over-25000-pulikali-lovers-watched-tigers-thrissur-online-132341}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=Pulikkali to go online this Onam \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/pulikkali-to-go-online-this-onam/article32444321.ece}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=A virtual 'pulikali' in Thrissur this year \|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/kerala/2020/09/04/virtual-pulikali-thrissur-onam.html}}</ref>		Due to [[COVID-19]] and [[COVID-19 lockdowns\|lockdown]] restrictions, many Onam celebrations were put off. Under the initiative of Ayyanthole Desham Pulikkali Samithy, Pulikali was live-streamed on their [[Facebook]] page. About 17 people took part in the dance virtually from various locations.<ref>{{cite news \|title=This year, over 25,000 Pulikali lovers watched the 'tigers' from Thrissur online \|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/year-over-25000-pulikali-lovers-watched-tigers-thrissur-online-132341}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=Pulikkali to go online this Onam \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/pulikkali-to-go-online-this-onam/article32444321.ece}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=A virtual 'pulikali' in Thrissur this year \|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/kerala/2020/09/04/virtual-pulikali-thrissur-onam.html}}</ref>

	==Preparations==		==Preparations==
	A striking feature of this folk art is the colorful appearance of the performers. A particular combination of [[tempera]] powder and varnish or enamel is used to make the paint. First of all, the dancers remove the hair from the body, and then, the base coat of paint is applied to them. It takes two to three hours for the coating to dry. After that, the second coat of paint is applied with an enhanced design. This entire procedure takes at least five to seven hours. A large number of artists gather to apply paint on the tigers. It is a meticulous process and often starts in the wee hours of the morning. By afternoon the Pulikkali groups or 'sangams' as they are called, from all four corners of [[Thrissur]] move in a procession, dancing, bouncing and shaking their bellies to the beat of the drums through the streets to the [[Swaraj Round, Thrissur]] situated in the heart of the city through Palace Road, Karunakaran Nambiar Road, Shornur Road, A R Menon Road, and MG Road.		A striking feature of this folk art is the colorful appearance of the performers. A particular combination of [[tempera]] powder and varnish or enamel is used to make the paint. First of all, the dancers remove the hair from the body, and then, the base coat of paint is applied to them. It takes two to three hours for the coating to dry. After that, the second coat of paint is applied with an enhanced design. This entire procedure takes at least five to seven hours. A large number of artists gather to apply paint on the tigers. It is a meticulous process and often starts in the wee hours of the morning. By afternoon the Pulikkali groups or 'sangams' as they are called, from all four corners of [[Thrissur]] move in a procession, dancing, bouncing and shaking their bellies to the beat of the drums through the streets to the [[Swaraj Round, Thrissur]] situated in the heart of the city through Palace Road, Karunakaran Nambiar Road, Shornur Road, A R Menon Road, and MG Road.
	~~[[File:പുലി കലാകാരൻ.JPG\|thumb\|പുലി കലാകാരൻ]]~~

	Scenes such as the tiger preying on an animal, and a tiger being hunted by a game-hunter are enacted beautifully in between. Thousands of spectators line the streets enjoying the dance, cheering the dancers some of them even trying to join in.		Scenes such as the tiger preying on an animal, and a tiger being hunted by a game-hunter are enacted beautifully in between. Thousands of spectators line the streets enjoying the dance, cheering the dancers some of them even trying to join in.
	The groups assemble at Naduvilal in the [[Swaraj Round, Thrissur]] in front of the [[Vadakkunnathan Temple]] and offer a coconut each to the deity of the [[Ganapati]] shrine (Naduvilal Ganapati Kovil) here, before going on a procession around the ground. The procession also includes floats from each village. The different troupes vie with each other to make the best floats as well as the best-dressed tigers.		The groups assemble at Naduvilal in the [[Swaraj Round, Thrissur]] in front of the [[Vadakkunnathan Temple]] and offer a coconut each to the deity of the [[Ganapati]] shrine (Naduvilal Ganapati Kovil) here, before going on a procession around the ground. The procession also includes floats from each village. The different troupes vie with each other to make the best floats as well as the best-dressed tigers.

			== Gallery ==
			<gallery widths=150px heights=120px perrow=6>
			File:Body Painting Puli Kali Artist.jpg\|Puli Kali Artist
			File:പുലി കലാകാരൻ.JPG\|Artist painting tiger stripes on the back
			File:Pulikkali 2010.jpg\|Pulikkali 2010
			File:Photowalk during pulikali at Thrissur 2024 (75).jpg\|Photowalk during pulikali at Thrissur 2024
			</gallery>

	==See also==		==See also==
Line 63:		Line 74:
	[[Category:August observances]]		[[Category:August observances]]
	[[Category:Recurring events established in 1886]]		[[Category:Recurring events established in 1886]]
			[[Category:Ritual animal disguise]]
			[[Category:Onam]]

imported>Wizardman: /* History */ rm copypasted content from https://web.archive.org/web/20200117203349/https://www.sify.com/news/colourful-tiger-art-with-folk-dance-for-onam-news-national-ki1labiicib.htm

2021-08-29T21:29:47Z

History: rm copypasted content from https://web.archive.org/web/20200117203349/https://www.sify.com/news/colourful-tiger-art-with-folk-dance-for-onam-news-national-ki1labiicib.htm

New page

{{Expand Malayalam|date=August 2019}}{{More citations needed|date=August 2019}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox recurring event
| name= Pulikkali <br>പുലിക്കളി
| logo=
| image= Pulikkali during Onam.jpg
| founded= 1886
| dates=4th Onam day ([[Chathayam]]) in the month of [[Chingam]]
| genre= Pulikkali (Tiger Dance)
| patron=
| website=
}}

'''Pulikkali''' (Meaning: [[Leopard]] game) is a recreational folk art from the state of [[Kerala]], India.<ref>[http://www.musicmalt.com/2014/08/puli-kali-procession-Athachamayam-Kerala.html Pulikkali Procession on the occasion of Athachamayam celebrations in Tripunithura, Kerala], ''Musicmalt.com''</ref> It is performed by trained artists to entertain people on the occasion of [[Onam]], an annual [[harvest festival]], celebrated mainly in the [[India]]n state of [[Kerala]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Pulikali |url=https://www.keralatourism.org/event/pulikali/40 |website=Kerala Tourism |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118020140/https://www.keralatourism.org/event/pulikali/40 |archive-date=January 18, 2021 |language=English}}</ref> On the fourth day of [[Onam]] celebrations (Nalaam Onam or Vishakam), performers painted like tigers and leopards in bright yellow, red, and black shake their bellies and dance to the beats of instruments like Udukku and Thakil.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pulikali, Tiger Dance, Onam |url=http://www.keralaculture.org/pulikali/391 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124121510/http://www.keralaculture.org/pulikali/391 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |language=English}}</ref> Literal meaning of Pulikkali is 'The tiger dance' hence the performance revolve around the theme of tiger hunting. Folk art is mainly practiced in [[Thrissur district]] of [[Kerala]]. The best place to watch the show is at [[Thrissur]] on the fourth day of [[Onam]], where Pulikkali troupes from all over the district assemble to display their skills. The festival attracts thousands of people to the [[Thrissur]] city. Pulikkali is also performed during various other festive seasons.

==History==
{{See also|Onam}}
The origin of Pulikkali dates back to over 200 years, when the Maharaja Rama Varma [[Sakthan Thampuran]], the then Maharaja of [[Kingdom of Cochin|Cochin]], is said to have introduced the folk art. They used to perform the art form decked as tigers with peculiar steps resembling the tiger, then known as 'Pulikkettikali' which was immensely enjoyed by the locals. Pulikkali in [[Thrissur]] is held in memory of this event.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://sify.com/news/colourful-tiger-art-with-folk-dance-for-onam-news-national-ki1labiicib.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117203349/https://www.sify.com/news/colourful-tiger-art-with-folk-dance-for-onam-news-national-ki1labiicib.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 January 2020|title=Colourful tiger art with folk dance for Onam
|publisher=Sify
|access-date=12 September 2010}}</ref>

[[File:Body Painting Puli Kali Artist.jpg|thumb|Puli Kali Artist]]

==Modern==
[[File:Pulikkali 2010.jpg|thumb|Pulikkali 2010]]

Over the years, there have been changes in the adornment of Pulikali dancers. In the early days, masks were not used and participants would have themselves painted all over, on their faces as well. But now, ready-made masks, cosmetic teeth, tongues, beards, and mustaches are used by the participants along with the paint on their bodies. The tigers also wear a broad belt with jingles around their waist. The festival in [[Thrissur]] has now become an all peoples event with a huge response from people, especially youths who come forward to participate in the festival, and also from sponsors. The event is organized by the Pulikkali Co-ordination Committee, a unified council of Pulikkali groups formed in 2004 in [[Thrissur]] to preserve and propagate the art in all its true hues and tones. The Thrissur Municipal Corporation gives a grant of Rs 30,000 for each Pulikkali troupe.

Usually, men and children perform this art form. For the first time, 3 women among a 51 member team participated in the Pulikali at Thrissur in 2016.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tigresses roar: Kerala's Pulikali dance sees women actors for the first time in 200 years |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tigresses-roar-keralas-pulikali-dance-sees-women-actors-first-time-200-years-50026 |date=September 17, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Three women make roaring entry into Kerala’s male-dominated Pulikali show |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/kerala-onam-pulikali-festival-women-tigers-dress-up-three-women-make-roaring-entry-into-keralas-male-dominated-pulikali-show-3036648/}}</ref>

Due to [[COVID-19]] and [[COVID-19 lockdowns|lockdown]] restrictions, many Onam celebrations were put off. Under the initiative of Ayyanthole Desham Pulikkali Samithy, Pulikali was live-streamed on their [[Facebook]] page. About 17 people took part in the dance virtually from various locations.<ref>{{cite news |title=This year, over 25,000 Pulikali lovers watched the ‘tigers’ from Thrissur online |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/year-over-25000-pulikali-lovers-watched-tigers-thrissur-online-132341}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Pulikkali to go online this Onam |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/pulikkali-to-go-online-this-onam/article32444321.ece}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=A virtual 'pulikali' in Thrissur this year |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/kerala/2020/09/04/virtual-pulikali-thrissur-onam.html}}</ref>

==Preparations==
A striking feature of this folk art is the colorful appearance of the performers. A particular combination of [[tempera]] powder and varnish or enamel is used to make the paint. First of all, the dancers remove the hair from the body, and then, the base coat of paint is applied to them. It takes two to three hours for the coating to dry. After that, the second coat of paint is applied with an enhanced design. This entire procedure takes at least five to seven hours. A large number of artists gather to apply paint on the tigers. It is a meticulous process and often starts in the wee hours of the morning. By afternoon the Pulikkali groups or 'sangams' as they are called, from all four corners of [[Thrissur]] move in a procession, dancing, bouncing and shaking their bellies to the beat of the drums through the streets to the [[Swaraj Round, Thrissur]] situated in the heart of the city through Palace Road, Karunakaran Nambiar Road, Shornur Road, A R Menon Road, and MG Road.
[[File:പുലി കലാകാരൻ.JPG|thumb|പുലി കലാകാരൻ]]

Scenes such as the tiger preying on an animal, and a tiger being hunted by a game-hunter are enacted beautifully in between. Thousands of spectators line the streets enjoying the dance, cheering the dancers some of them even trying to join in.
The groups assemble at Naduvilal in the [[Swaraj Round, Thrissur]] in front of the [[Vadakkunnathan Temple]] and offer a coconut each to the deity of the [[Ganapati]] shrine (Naduvilal Ganapati Kovil) here, before going on a procession around the ground. The procession also includes floats from each village. The different troupes vie with each other to make the best floats as well as the best-dressed tigers.

==See also==
* [[Hulivesha]]
* [[Onam]]
* [[Thrissur]]
* [[Kerala]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{Tourist attractions in Thrissur |state=collapsed}}
{{Culture of Kerala |state=collapsed}}
{{Tourism in Kerala}}{{Dance in India}}

[[Category:Hindu festivals in Kerala]]
[[Category:Culture of Thrissur]]
[[Category:Festivals in Thrissur district]]
[[Category:1886 establishments in India]]
[[Category:September observances]]
[[Category:August observances]]
[[Category:Recurring events established in 1886]]