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{{Short description|Genus of legumes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = "+arya+" Pterocarpus santalinus ꦕꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦤ ꦲꦧꦁ cendana janggi - krucuk 2020 04.jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Pterocarpus santalinus]]'' seed pods
|taxon = Pterocarpus
|authority = [[Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin|Jacq.]] (1763), nom. cons.
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = [[#Species|See text]]
|synonyms =
*''Amphymenium'' {{small|Kunth (1824)}}
*''Ancylocalyx'' {{small|Tul. (1843)}}
*''Echinodiscus'' {{small|Benth. (1837)}}
*''Etaballia'' {{small|Benth. (1840)}}
*''Griselinia'' {{small|Scop. (1777), nom. superfl.}}
*''Lingoum'' {{small|Adans. (1763), nom. superfl.}}
*''Malaparius'' {{small|Rumph. ex Bosc (1803)}}
*''Moutouchi'' {{small|Aubl. (1775)}}
*''Nephraea'' {{small|Hassk. (1844)}}
*''Nephrea'' {{small|Noronha (1790), nom. nud.}}
*''Phellocarpus'' {{small|Benth. (1837)}}
*''Pterocarpos'' {{small|St.-Lag. (1880)}}
*''Pterocarpus'' {{small|L. (1754), nom. rej.}}
*''Weinreichia'' {{small|Rchb. (1828)}}
|synonyms_ref = <ref name = powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331884-2 ''Pterocarpus'' Jacq.] ''[[Plants of the World Online]]''. Retrieved 1 August 2023.</ref>
}}
[[File:Pterocarpus officinalis MHNT.BOT.2010.6.39.jpg|thumb|Wood of ''P. officinalis'']]
'''''Pterocarpus''''' is a [[pantropical]] [[genus]] of trees in the family [[Fabaceae]]. It belongs to the subfamily [[Faboideae]], and was recently assigned to the informal [[monophyly|monophyletic]] ''Pterocarpus'' clade within the [[Dalbergieae]].<ref name="Lavin" /><ref name="Cardoso" /> Most species of ''Pterocarpus'' yield valuable timber traded as '''padauk''' (or padouk), usually pronounced {{IPAc-en|p|ə|'|d|u:|k|}} or {{IPAc-en|'|p|æ|d|,|oʊ|k|}};<ref>{{cite web |title=African Padauk {{!}} The Wood Database (Hardwood) |url=https://www.wood-database.com/african-padauk/ |website=www.wood-database.com |language=en-US |access-date=27 July 2023}}</ref> other common names are '''mukwa''' or '''narra'''. The west African species may be traded as '''African rosewood'''.<ref>The Rosewood Trade: An Illicit Trail from Forest to Furniture Authors: Sandy Ong / Andy Carver, Date: 29 January 2019, URL: https://e360.yale.edu/features/the-rosewood-trade-the-illicit-trail-from-forest-to-furniture (Yale School of Environment)</ref> ''[[Pterocarpus santalinus|P. santalinus]]'' also yields the most precious red sandalwood in China known as Zitan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wood-database.com/zitan/|title=Zitan {{!}} The Wood Database - Lumber Identification (Hardwood)|website=www.wood-database.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-05-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.dyhmjjxhw.com/file/upload/201212/22/16-31-55-12-1.pdf |title=Chinese National Standard for Rosewood Furniture - QB/T 2385-2008 }}</ref> The wood from the narra tree (''[[Pterocarpus indicus|P. indicus]]'') and the Burmese padauk tree (''[[Pterocarpus macrocarpus|P. macrocarpus]]'') is marketed as '''amboyna''' when it has grown in the [[burl]] form.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wood-database.com/amboyna/ | title = The Wood Database | author = Meier E. }}</ref> The [[scientific name]] is [[Latin]]ized [[Ancient Greek]] and means "wing fruit", referring to the unusual shape of the [[legume|seed pods]] in this genus.

==Uses==
Padauk wood is obtained from several [[species]] of ''Pterocarpus''. All padauks are of African or Asian origin. Padauks are valued for their toughness, stability in use, and decorativeness, most having a reddish wood. Most ''[https://onetotree.org/narra/ Pterocarpus]''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Narra|url=https://onetotree.org/narra/|access-date=2021-12-03|website=OneToTree|language=en}}</ref> woods contain either water- or alcohol-soluble substances and can be used as [[dye]]s.

The padauk found most often is African padauk from ''[[Pterocarpus soyauxii|P. soyauxii]]'' which, when freshly cut, is a very bright red/orange but when exposed to sunlight fades over time to a warm brown. Its colour makes it a favourite among woodworkers. Burmese padauk (ပိတောက်) is ''[[Pterocarpus macrocarpus|P. macrocarpus]]'' while Andaman padauk is ''[[Pterocarpus dalbergioides|P. dalbergioides]]''. Padauks can be confused with true [[Rosewood (timber)|rosewoods]] to which they are somewhat related, but as a general rule padauks are coarser and less decorative in figure. Like rosewood, padauk is sometimes used to make [[xylophone]], [[Organ (music)|organ]] and [[marimba]] keys, and guitars. It is an important material in traditional [[Chinese furniture]].

[[File:African Padauk wood.jpg|thumb|African padauk wood]]

Some padauks, e.g. ''P. soyauxii'', are used as [[herbal medicine]]s, for example to treat skin parasites and fungal infections.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sea/Products/AFDbases/AF/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=17977 | title = AgroForestryTree Database entry for ''Pterocarpus soyauxii'' | author =  | website = AgroForestryTree Database | publisher = World Agroforestry Centre (WAC) | access-date = 1 November 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090213121119/http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sea/Products/AFDbases/AF/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=17977 | archive-date = 13 February 2009 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Chemistry==
[[Pterocarpin]] is a [[pterocarpan]] found in ''Pterocarpus'' spp.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kanaya.naist.jp/knapsack_jsp/information.jsp?mode=r&word=C00009616&key=5 |title=Pterocarpin at knapsack_jsp |access-date=5 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222201449/http://kanaya.naist.jp/knapsack_jsp/information.jsp?mode=r&word=C00009616&key=5 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Species==
A total of 35 [[species]] is currently accepted:<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?version~10.01&genus~Pterocarpus&species~ | title = ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for ''Pterocarpus'' | author =  | website = International Legume Database & Information Service | publisher = Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics | access-date = 11 February 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?10084 | title = GRIN species records of ''Pterocarpus'' | author = USDA | author-link = USDA | author2 = ARS | author2-link = Agricultural Research Service | author3 = National Genetic Resources Program | website = [[Germplasm Resources Information Network]]—(GRIN) [Online Database] | publisher = [[Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center|National Germplasm Resources Laboratory]], Beltsville, Maryland | access-date = 11 February 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924075154/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?10084 | archive-date = 24 September 2015 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=300px}}

* ''[[Pterocarpus acapulcensis]]'' Rose

* ''[[Pterocarpus albopubescens]]'' Hauman

* ''[[Pterocarpus amazonum]]'' (Benth.) Amshoff


* ''[[Pterocarpus angolensis]]'' DC.—[[kiaat]]
* ''[[Pterocarpus antunesii]]'' (Taub.) Harms








* ''[[Pterocarpus brenanii]]'' Barbosa & Torre




* ''[[Pterocarpus claessensii]]'' De Wild.


* ''[[Pterocarpus dalbergioides]]'' DC.—[[Andaman padauk]], Andaman redwood, East Indian mahogany




*''[[Pterocarpus dubius]]'' {{small|(Kunth) Spreng.}} – Venezuela, Guyana, and northern Brazil


* ''[[Pterocarpus echinatus]]'' Pers.{{ref label|synonym1|Note 1|1}}
* ''[[Pterocarpus erinaceus]]'' Poir.—[[muninga]], barwood, vène





* ''[[Pterocarpus gilletii]]'' De Wild.








* ''[[Pterocarpus hockii]]'' De Wild.

* ''[[Pterocarpus homblei]]'' De Wild.


* ''[[Pterocarpus indicus]]'' Willd.—[[Pashu padauk]], Malay padauk, New Guinea rosewood



* ''[[Pterocarpus lucens]]'' Guill. & Perr.

* ''[[Pterocarpus macrocarpus]]'' Kurz—[[Burmese padauk]]

* ''[[Pterocarpus marsupium]]'' Roxb.—[[Indian kino]], Malabar kino, benga, bijiayasal (w Nepal), venkai




* ''[[Pterocarpus mildbraedii]]'' Harms


* ''[[Pterocarpus mutondo]]'' De Wild.


* ''[[Pterocarpus officinalis]]'' Jacq.
* ''[[Pterocarpus orbiculatus]]'' DC.

* ''[[Pterocarpus osun]]'' Craib










* ''[[Pterocarpus rohrii]]'' Vahl
* ''[[Pterocarpus rotundifolius]]'' (Sond.) Druce
** subsp. ''polyanthus'' (Harms) Mendonça & E. P. Sousa
*** var. ''martinii'' (Dunkley) Mendonça & E. P. Sousa
*** var. ''polyanthus'' (Harms) Mendonça & E. P. Sousa
** subsp. ''rotundifolius'' (Sond.) Druce

* ''[[Pterocarpus santalinoides]]'' DC.—[[mututi]]
* ''[[Pterocarpus santalinus]]'' L. f.—[[red sandalwood]], red sanders


* ''[[Pterocarpus soyauxii]]'' Taub.—[[African padauk]], African coralwood



* ''[[Pterocarpus ternatus]]'' Rizzini
* ''[[Pterocarpus tessmannii]]'' Harms
* ''[[Pterocarpus tinctorius]]'' Welw.



* ''[[Pterocarpus velutinus]]'' De Wild.


* ''[[Pterocarpus villosus]]'' (Benth.) Benth.
* ''[[Pterocarpus violaceus]]'' Vogel

* ''[[Pterocarpus zehntneri]]'' Harms
* ''[[Pterocarpus zenkeri]]'' Harms

{{div col end}}

==Notes==
:{{note label|synonym1|Note 1|1}} Some sources treat ''P. echinatus'' as a synonym of ''P. indicus''.

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=Lavin>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lavin M, Pennington RT, Klitgaard BB, Sprent JI, de Lima HC, Gasson PE | year = 2001 | title = The dalbergioid legumes (Fabaceae): delimitation of a pantropical monophyletic clade | url = http://www.amjbot.org/content/88/3/503.abstract | journal = [[American Journal of Botany|Am J Bot]] | volume = 88 | issue = 3 | pages = 503–33 | pmid = 11250829 | doi=10.2307/2657116| jstor = 2657116 }}</ref>

<ref name=Cardoso>{{cite journal |vauthors=Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP, Boatwright JS, Van Wyk BE, Wojciechowskie MF, Lavin M | year = 2013 | title = Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes | journal = [[South African Journal of Botany|S Afr J Bot]] | volume = 89 | pages = 58–75 | doi = 10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{WestAfricanPlants|Pterocarpus}}
{{Commons category-inline}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q132894}}

[[Category:Pterocarpus| ]]
[[Category:Fabaceae genera]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
[[Category:Pantropical flora]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin]]
[[Category:Plant dyes]]

Pterocarpus - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article