AndreaV955081450: Added A Info

2026-02-27T10:56:49Z

Added A Info

New page

{{Short description|Species of venomous snake}}
{{Speciesbox
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>[[species:Guinevere O.U. Wogan|Wogan G]], [[species:Indraneil Das|Das I]], [[species:Jian-Ping Jiang|Jiang J]], [[species:Raoul H. Bain|Bain R]] (2012). "''Protobothrops jerdonii'' ". The [[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] Red List of Threatened Species 2012: https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T178419A1533609.en. Accessed on 25 June 2024.</ref>
|image=Protobothropsjerdonii.jpg
|image_caption= at the San Diego Zoo
|taxon=Protobothrops jerdonii
|authority=([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1875)
|range_map = Protobothrops jerdonii distribution.png
|synonyms= *''Trimeresurus jerdonii'' {{small|Günther, 1875}}
*''Lachesis jerdonii'' {{small|— [[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1896}}
*''Lachesis melli'' {{small|[[Carl Vogt|K. Vogt]], 1922}}
*''Trimeresurus jerdonii melli'' {{small|— [[Rudolf Mell|Mell]], 1931}}
*''T'' [''rimeresurus'']. ''j'' [''erdonii'' ]. ''jerdonii'' {{small|— [[René Léon Bourret|Bourret]], 1936}}
*''Trimeresurus jerdoni'' {{small|— [[Malcolm Arthur Smith|M.A. Smith]], 1943}}
*''Trimeresurus jerdoni bourreti'' {{small|[[species:Konrad Gerhardt Klemmer|Klemmer]], 1963}}
*''P'' [''rotobothrops'']. ''jerdoni'' {{small|— [[species:Alphonse Richard Hoge|Hoge]] & [[species:Sylvia Alma Renata Wilma Lemos Romano-Hoge|Romano-Hoge]], 1983}}
*''Protobothrops jerdonii jerdonii'' {{small|— [[species:Kenneth R.G. Welch|Welch]], 1988}}
*''Protobothrops jerdonii bourreti'' {{small|— Welch, 1988}}
*''Protobothrops jerdonii meridionalis'' {{small|— Welch, 1988}}
*''Protobothrops jerdonii xanthomelas'' {{small|— Welch, 1988}}<ref name=McD99>[[species:Roy Wallace McDiarmid|McDiarmid RW]], [[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell JA]], [[species:T'Shaka A. Touré|Touré TA]] (1999). ''Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1''. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).</ref>
*''Trimeresurus jerdonii'' {{small|— [[species:Ramesh Chandra Sharma|R.C. Sharma]], 2004}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=RDB>{{NRDB species|genus=Protobothrops|species=jerdonii|date=30 October|year=2018}}</ref>
}}

'''''Protobothrops jerdonii''''', also known [[Common name|commonly]] as '''Jerdon's pit viper''',<ref name=RDB/><ref name="Bro73">[[species:John Haynes Brown|Brown, John Haynes]] (1973). ''Toxicology and Pharmacology of Venoms from Poisonous Snakes''. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas. 184 pp. LCCCN 73–229. {{ISBN|0-398-02808-7}}.</ref> the '''yellow-speckled pit viper''', and the '''oriental pit viper''', is a [[species]] of [[venomous snake]] in the [[subfamily]] [[Pit viper|Crotalinae]] of the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Viperidae]]. The species is native to [[India]], [[Nepal]], [[Myanmar]], [[China]], and [[Vietnam]]. Three [[subspecies]] are recognized, including the [[Nominotypical subspecies|nominate subspecies]] described here.<ref name=RDB/><ref name=ITIS>{{ITIS|id=634917|taxon=''Trimeresurus jerdonii'' |access-date=25 May 2007}}</ref>
[[File:Jerdon's Red Spotted Pit Viper (Protobothrops jerdonii).jpg|thumb|Jerdon's red spotted pit viper, ''P. j. xanthomelas'', from West Kameng District, Arunachal Pradesh, India.]]

==Etymology==
The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]], ''jerdonii'', is in honor of [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Herpetology|herpetologist]] [[Thomas C. Jerdon]], who collected the [[type series]].<ref name=EDR>[[species:Bo Beolens|Beolens B]], [[species:Michael Watkins|Watkins M]], [[species:Michael Grayson|Grayson M]] (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (''Protobothrops jerdonii'', p. 134; ''P. j. bourreti'', p. 35).</ref>

The [[Subspecies|subspecific name]], ''bourreti'', is in honour of French herpetologist [[René Léon Bourret]].<ref name=EDR/>

==Description==
[[File:TrimeresurusJerdoniFord.jpg|thumb|left|''Protobothrops jerdonii'', illustration by [[George Henry Ford|G.H. Ford]] (1875) for [[Albert Günther|Günther's]] original description.]]
Males of ''P. jerdonii'' grow to a maximum total length of {{convert|835|mm|in|abbr=on}}, which includes a tail length of {{convert|140|mm|in|abbr=on}}; females grow to {{convert|990|mm|in|abbr=on}}, with a tail length of {{convert|160|mm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Lev03>{{cite journal|vauthors=[[species:Alan Edward Leviton|Leviton AE]], Wogan GO, [[species:Michelle S. Koo|Koo MS]], [[species:George Robert Zug|Zug GR]], [[species:Rhonda S. Lucas|Lucas RS]], [[species:Jens V. Vindum|Vindum JV]]|title=The dangerously venomous snakes of Myanmar. Illustrated checklist with keys|journal=Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences |year=2003|volume=54|issue=24|pages=407–462|url=http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/scipubs/pdfs/v54/proccas_v54_n24.pdf}}</ref>

Scalation: [[dorsal scales]] in 21 longitudinal rows at midbody (rarely 23); snout length a little more than twice diameter of eye; head above, except for large [[internasals]] and [[supraoculars]], covered by small, unequal, smooth scales that are feebly imbricate or juxtaposed; first labial completely separated from [[nose|nasal]] scales by a suture; [[internasals]] separated by 1–2 small scales; 6–9 small scales in line between supraoculars; 7–8 [[upper labials]], third and fourth beneath eye, in contact with [[suboculars|subocular]] or separated by at most a single series of small scales; [[ventrals]]: males 164–188, females 167–193; [[subcaudals]]: males 50–78, females 44–76.<ref name=Lev03/>

==Geographic range==
''P. jerdonii'' is found in northeastern [[India]], [[Nepal]], through northern [[Burma]] to southwestern [[China]] and [[Vietnam]].<ref name=RDB/> The [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] given by [[Albert Günther|Günther]] is "Khassya" (=[[Khasi Hills]], India).<ref name="McD99"/>

==Habitat==
The preferred natural [[habitat]]s of ''P. jerdonii'' are [[forest]], [[shrubland]], and [[grassland]], at altitudes of {{cvt|1,400|–|2,300|m|ft}}.<ref name=iucn/>

==Diet==
Adults of ''P. jerdonii'' [[Predation|prey]] predominately upon rats, while juveniles prey upon frogs of the families [[Ranidae]] and [[Rhacophoridae]].<ref name=iucn/>

==Reproduction==
The [[Modes of reproduction|mode of reproduction]] of ''P. jerdonii'' has been referred to as [[Viviparity|viviparous]]<ref name=iucn/> and as [[Ovoviviparity|ovoviviparous]].<ref name=RDB/> [[Litter (zoology)|Litter]] size is five to eight newborns.<ref name=iucn/>

==Subspecies==
{|cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse;"
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Subspecies<ref name=RDB/><ref name=ITIS/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Taxon author<ref name=RDB/><ref name=ITIS/>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Common name<ref name=Gum04>[[species:Andreas Gumprecht|Gumprecht A]], [[species:Frank Tillack|Tillack F]], [[species:Nikolai Liustsianovich Orlov|Orlov NL]], [[Ashok Captain|Captain A]], [[species:Sergei Aleksandrovich Ryabov|Ryabov S]] (2004). ''Asian Pitvipers''. First Edition. Berlin: GeitjeBooks. 368 pp. {{ISBN|3-937975-00-4}}.</ref>
!bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Geographic range<ref name=Gum04/>
|-
|''[[Protobothrops jerdonii bourreti|P. j. bourreti]]''
|([[species:Konrad Gerhardt Klemmer|Klemmer]], 1963)
|[[René Léon Bourret|Bourret's]] pitviper
|style="width:40%"|Northwestern [[Vietnam]] (in the provinces of [[Lào Cai Province|Lào Cai]] and [[Lai Châu Province|Lai Châu]], and possibly also in adjacent China ([[Yunnan]]).
|-
|''P. j. jerdonii''
|([[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1875)
|[[Thomas C. Jerdon|Jerdon's]] pitviper
|Southwestern China (in the provinces of southern [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Xizang (Tibet)]], western [[Sichuan]] and Yunnan), northeastern [[India]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Burma]] (Chin and Kachin state), and northeastern [[Nepal]].
|-
|''[[Protobothrops jerdonii xanthomelas|P. j. xanthomelas]]''
|(Günther, 1889)
|red spotted pitviper
|Central and southern China (in the provinces of [[Henan]], [[Shaanxi]], [[Gansu]], [[Sichuan]], [[Guizhou]], [[Hubei]] and [[Guangxi]]) and northeastern India(Arunachal Pradesh).<ref>Zambre, Amod; Sheth, Chintan; Dalvi, Shashank; Kulkarni, Nirmal (2009). "First record of ''Protobothrops jerdonii xanthomelas'' (Günther, 1889) from Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary, India". ''Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society'' '''106''' (2): 325-327.</ref>
|-
|}

''[[Nota bene]]'': A [[Trinomen|trinomial authority]] in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a [[genus]] other than ''Protobothrops''.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Commons|Protobothrops jerdonii}}
{{Refbegin}}
*[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger GA]] (1890). ''[[The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma]]. Reptilia and Batrachia''. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis, Printers). xviii + 541 pp. (''Trimeresurus jerdonii'', pp. 427–428).
*Boulenger GA (1896). ''Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the ... Viperidæ.'' London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I–XXV. (''Lachesis jerdonii'', pp. 551–552).
*[[species:Indraneil Das|Das I]] (2002). ''A Photographic Guide to Snakes and other Reptiles of India''. Sanibel Island, Florida: Ralph Curtis Books. 144 pp. {{ISBN|0-88359-056-5}}. (''Protobothrops jerdonii'', p. 63).
*[[Albert Günther|Günther A]] (1875). "Second Report on Collections of Indian Reptiles obtained by the British Museum". ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London'' '''1875''': 224–234. (''Trimeresurus jerdonii'', new species, pp. 233–234 + Plate XXXIV).
*[[Malcolm Arthur Smith|Smith MA]] (1943). ''The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.—Serpentes.'' London: Secretary of State for India. (Taylor and Francis, printers). xii + 583 pp. (''Trimeresurus jerdoni'', pp. 510–511, Figure 162).
{{Refend}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2706516}}

[[Category:Protobothrops|jerdonii]]
[[Category:Snakes of China]]
[[Category:Snakes of Vietnam]]
[[Category:Snakes of Asia]]
[[Category:Snakes of India]]
[[Category:Snakes of Myanmar]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Nepal]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Albert Günther]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 1875]]

Protobothrops jerdonii - Revision history

AndreaV955081450: Added A Info