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{{Short description|Kakatiya ruler from 1052 to 1076}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Prola
| title = Arigaja-Kesari
| succession = [[Kakatiya dynasty|Kakatiya]] ruler
| reign = c. 1052–1076 CE
| predecessor = [[Beta I]]
| successor = [[Beta II]]
| dynasty = [[Kakatiya dynasty|Kakatiya]]
| father = [[Beta I]]
}}
'''Prola I''' (r. c. 1052–1076 CE) was a member of the [[Kakatiya dynasty]] of southern India. As a [[Chalukyas of Kalyani|Kalyani Chalukya]] vassal, he participated in prince [[Vikramaditya VI]]'s campaigns, and consolidated the Kakatiya control over the area around [[Hanamkonda|Anumakonda]] by subjugating local chiefs. He obtained the Anumakonda ''[[vishaya]]'' and its neighbouring lands as a hereditary fief from the Chalukya king.

== Career ==

Prola I was a son of his predecessor [[Beta I]].{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=578}} He probably ascended the throne around 1052 CE, as his father's last known record is dated 1051 CE, and his first record is dated 1053.{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|p=45}} He probably ruled until around 1076 CE, when his son [[Beta II]] succeeded him.{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|pp=47, 53}}

The [[Bayyaram]] inscription calls Prola I a lion to his elephant-like enemies (''Arigaja-Kesari'').{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|p=45}} Much of the information about Prola I's military career comes from the 1097–1098 CE Kazipet inscription issued by his grandson Durga-raja. This inscription credits him with the following achievements:{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|pp=45-46}}

* Setting right the affairs of the Chakra-kuta ''vishaya''
* Forcing Bhadranga to flee
* Defeating Konkana and spreading his fame all over the land
* Defeating the neighbouring chief Annaya of the great forest, the son of Kadparti Durga
* Killing Gonna, the Purukuta chief of Guna-sagara, in the battle

Bilhana's ''Vikramanka-deva-charitra'' states that as a prince, the Chalukya prince [[Vikramaditya VI]] campaigned in [[Konkan|Konkana]] (1066 CE), Chakra-kuta or Chakra-kota (in present-day [[Chhattisgarh]]), and Vengi.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|pp=578-579}} Prola probably participated in these Chalukya campaigns, as a subordinate of Vikramaditya, during the reign of king [[Someshvara I]].{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|p=46}} The Sanigaram inscription, issued during the reign of Someshvara, states that ''Mahasamanta'' Prola-rasa acquired kindness because of the king's kindness.{{sfn|R.S. Sharma|1957|p=200}}

The identity of Bhadranga is not certain, but he was probably a descendant of the [[Chalukyas of Vemulavada|Vemulavada Chalukya]] family. "Bhadranga" is the Sanskrit form of "Baddega", a name born by multiple rulers of this family. Moreover, inscriptions of Beta I (1051 CE) and Prola I (1053 CE) have been found at Sanigaram near Vemulavada, which suggests that the kakatiyas campaigned in this region. Beta I's inscription records a grant to the Yuddhamalla Jinalaya, a shrine built by the Vemulavada Chalukya chief Yuddhamalla at Sanigaram. Prola I's Sanigaram inscription states that the Kalyani Chalukya king rewarded him with Sabbi-nadu, which was earlier controlled by the Vemulavada Chalukyas. All these evidences suggest that Bhadranga may have been a Vemulavada Chalukya scion who ruled in this area until Prola I subjugated him.{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|p=46}}

The identity of Annaya and Gonna is not certain, but they were probably petty chiefs.{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|p=47}}

In addition to the traditional [[garuda]] symbol of the Kakatiya family, Prola seems to have adopted [[varaha]] insignia, which was a royal emblem of their new overlords, the Chalukyas of Kalyani. The Anumakonda inscription of Prola II states that the family adopted the varaha symbol on their coins and cattle as a mark of gratitude to Prola I, who raised their status just like the mythical varaha who raised the earth.{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|p=45}} The rise in status credited to Prola I probably refers to him obtaining the Anumakonda ''vishaya'' and its neighbouring lands as a hereditary fief from the Chalukya king.{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|p=45}}{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|p=578}}

== Construction of the ''Kesari'' tank ==

Prola I commissioned an irrigation tank called ''Kesari-tataka'' or ''Jagati-kesari'', named after his title (''biruda'') ''Kesari''. This is attested by the Motupalli inscription of his grandson Ganapati, and an inscription at the Ekamranatha temple in Kanchi.{{sfn|Ghulam Yazdani|1960|pp=579-580}}{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|p=45}} This tank may be same as the ''Kesari-samudra'' mentioned in the Anumakonda inscription of Prola II. It may be identified with a tank near [[Kesamudram]] (a corruption of ''Kesari-samudra'').{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|p=45}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |author=P.V.P. Sastry|author-link=P. V. Parabrahma Sastry |editor=N. Ramesan |title=The Kākatiyas of Warangal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FiRuAAAAMAAJ |year=1978 |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |location=Hyderabad |oclc=252341228 }}
* {{cite book |author1=N. Venkataramanayya |author2=M. Somasekhara Sarma |chapter=The Kakatiyas of Warangal |editor=Ghulam Yazdani |title=The Early History of the Deccan Parts VII - XI |volume=IX: The Kākatīyas of Warangal |year=1960 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g0D5RAAACAAJ |oclc=59001459 |isbn=9788170691259 |ref={{harvid|Ghulam Yazdani|1960}} }}
* {{cite book |author1=N. Venkataramanayya |author2=P.V.P. Sastry |chapter=The Kākatīyas |editor=R.S. Sharma |title=A Comprehensive history of India: A.D. 985-1206 |volume=4 (Part 1) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ahFuAAAAMAAJ |year=1957 |edition=1987 reprint |publisher=Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House | isbn=978-81-7007-121-1 |ref={{harvid|R.S. Sharma|1957}} }}
{{ref end}}

{{Kakatiya dynasty}}

[[Category:Kakatiya dynasty]]
[[Category:11th-century Indian people]]

Prola I - Revision history

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