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{{Short description|Indian class of nuclear-powered attack submarines under development}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2020}}
{{For|the conventional-attack submarine programme|Project 75I-class submarine}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image =
| image_caption =
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/class overview
| name = '''Project 77'''
| builders = * Ship Building Centre, [[Visakhapatnam]]
* [[Larsen & Toubro]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumari |first1=Khushboo |title=L&T in focus : India clears two nuclear-powered attack submarines armed with supersonic, hypersonic missiles |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/industry-lampt-in-focus-india-clears-two-nuclear-powered-attack-submarines-armed-with-supersonic-hypersonic-missiles-3906761/ |access-date=9 July 2025 |publisher=financialexpress.com |date=8 July 2025}}</ref>
| operators = {{navy|India}} (Planned)
| class_after =
| in_commission_range = 2036 (planned)
| total_ships_building =
| total_ships_planned = *2 cleared
*6 planned
| total_ships_completed =
| total_ships_active = 0
| total_ships_laid_up =
| cost = *{{INRConvert|1.2|lc|lk=lc|year=2020}} total cost<ref name="ETfeb2020"/>
*{{INRConvert|40000|c||year=2024}} for two (includes cost for establishing, infrastructure, equipments & associated machineries for new class of SSN).
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| hide_header =
| header_caption =
| type = [[SSN (hull classification symbol)|Nuclear attack submarine]]
| displacement = {{convert|10,000|t|lk=on}}
| length =
| beam =
| height =
| draft =
| depth =
| decks =
| deck_clearance =
| power =
| propulsion = * 1 × CLWR-B2 ([[Pressurized water reactor|Compact]] [[light-water reactor]]) {{cvt|200|MW|HP}}<ref name=":2" />
*{{cvt|35|MW|HP}} Nuclear-Electric Propulsion (NEP) [[Turbine–electric powertrain]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Potluri |first1=Parthu |title=Project-77: An Analysis of the Indian Navy’s Nuclear Attack Submarine Program |url=https://www.strategicfront.org/project-77-an-analysis-of-the-indian-navys-nuclear-attack-submarine-program/ |access-date=26 August 2025 |publisher=www.strategicfront.org |date=26 November 2024}}</ref>
* 1 × single shaft [[pump-jet]] propulsor
| speed =
| range = Unlimited except by food supplies
| endurance =
| test_depth =
| complement =
| time_to_activate =
| sensors =
| EW =
| armament = [[Varunastra (torpedo)|Varunastra]] heavyweight [[torpedo]], Electronic Heavy Weight Torpedo Takshak (EHWT) , [[Nirbhay]], [[BrahMos]] and [[BrahMos-II]] [[land-attack missile|land-attack]]/[[anti-ship missile|anti-ship]] [[cruise missiles]]
| notes =
}}
}}

'''Project 77''' is an Indian Navy acquisition programme to procure [[SSN (hull classification symbol)|nuclear-powered attack submarines]].

==Background==
{{Excerpt|Project 76 submarine|Background|bold=yes|links=yes}}

== Development ==
The [[Government of India]], through the [[Cabinet Committee on Security]] (CCS), approved the construction of six nuclear attack submarines on 18 February 2015. Following the approval, the Naval Staff Qualitative Requirements (NSQR) are to be ascertained for the over 6,000 tonne-displacement submarines. These are to be built at the Ship Building Centre at [[Visakhapatnam]].<ref name=":1">{{cite news |date=18 February 2015 |title=Government clears construction of 7 stealth frigates, 6 nuclear-powered attack submarines |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/government-clears-construction-of-7-stealth-frigates-6-nuclear-powered-attack-submarines/articleshow/46282586.cms?from=mdr |access-date=19 April 2015 |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> On 8 December 2017, [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Navy chief]], [[Admiral (India)|Admiral]] [[Sunil Lanba]], announced that the design for the class of six submarines had commenced at the newly commissioned Submarine Design Centre, [[Gurgaon]]. The project cost was estimated at {{INRConvert|60000|c|lk=on|year=2017}}.<ref name=":3">{{cite news |last1=Unnithan |first1=Sandeep |date=10 December 2017 |title=A peek into India's top secret and costliest defence project, nuclear submarines |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20171218-india-ballistic-missile-submarine-k-6-submarine-launched-drdo-1102085-2017-12-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420153439/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20171218-india-ballistic-missile-submarine-k-6-submarine-launched-drdo-1102085-2017-12-10 |archive-date=20 April 2019 |work=India Today |language=en}}</ref> These will be designed by the Navy's in-house Directorate of Naval Design (now Warship Design Bureau). The construction was expected to commence on 2023–24 while the first submarine is expected to enter service in 2032.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-31 |title=INS Arighaat: How a second nuclear submarine boosts India’s strategic reach |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ins-arighaat-how-a-second-nuclear-submarine-boosts-indias-strategic-reach-2591300-2024-08-31 |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

On 24 June 2019, it was reported that {{INRConvert|100|c}} have been allocated for the initial phase of the project. The development is expected to continue till 2025. [[Mishra Dhatu Nigam]] is developing a new hull material that is expected to allow the submarine to dive to deeper depths than {{sclass|Arihant|submarine|4}}. A scaled down model of the submarine is planned to be tested first. The total cost of the project is now estimated to be around {{INRConvert|1|lc|lk=on|year=2020}}.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/work-begins-on-indias-next-gen-nuclear-powered-submarines/articleshow/69921014.cms|title=Work begins on India's next gen nuclear-powered submarines|last=Pubby|first=Manu|date=2019-06-24|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-07-02|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624164324/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/work-begins-on-indias-next-gen-nuclear-powered-submarines/articleshow/69921014.cms|archive-date=24 June 2019}}</ref>

In February 2020, ''[[The Economic Times]]'' reported that the preliminary design phase of the programme has been successfully completed. The report stated that Submarine Design Group of the Directorate of Naval Design, assisted by the [[DRDO]], will now start working on the detailed design and construction phase of the programme.<ref name="ETfeb2020">{{Cite news|last=Pubby|first=Manu|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indias-rs-1-2-l-cr-n-submarine-project-closer-to-realisation/articleshow/74234776.cms|title=India's Rs 1.2 lakh crore nuclear submarine project closer to realisation|date=2020-02-21|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2020-02-23}}</ref>

As of March 2021, it was reported that the [[Indian Navy]] has prioritised the construction of Project 75 Alpha submarines over a planned third aircraft carrier.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gupta|first=Shishir|date=2021-03-24|title=For Navy, 6 nuclear-powered submarines take priority over 3rd aircraft carrier|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/for-navy-6-nuclear-powered-submarines-take-priority-over-3rd-aircraft-carrier-101616564522467.html|newspaper=The Hindustan Times|access-date=2021-04-02}}</ref> Later it was announced that initially, three submarines will be cleared in 2023-24 while the remaining three will get clearance later. The first boat was expected to roll out in 2032.<ref>{{Cite news| date=2023-03-18|title=Project-77 (formerly Project-75 Alpha): India may reduce number of SSN to 3, from planned 6 initially|url=https://theigmp.org/project-77-project-75-alpha-india-may-reduce-ssn-number/|website=IgMp|access-date=2023-03-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Pandit|first=Rajat|date=2021-03-31|title=Project to build N-powered attack subs set to get CCS nod|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/project-to-build-n-powered-attack-subs-set-to-get-ccs-nod/articleshow/81770216.cms|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=2021-04-02}}</ref> The ship class will have a final design clearance in [[Gurugram]] by Submarine Design Group, its nuclear reactor will be built in [[Kalpakkam]], hull fabrication will be undertaken by [[Larsen & Toubro]] at [[Hazira]] and finally assembly and sea trials will be conducted by the Ship Building Centre (SBC) in [[Visakhapatnam]].<ref name="Sharks">{{Cite news|last=Unnithan|first=Sandeep|date=2021-04-17|title=India's nuclear sharks|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/defence/story/20210426-india-s-nuclear-sharks-1791817-2021-04-17|newspaper=India Today|location=New Delhi|access-date=2021-05-21}}</ref>

As of August 2024, a report suggested that the first batch of P-75A class will have 2 submarines, while 4 more will be cleared in a later phase. The final clearance for the 1st batch worth {{INRConvert|40000|c}} is expected to be received "soon" from the [[Cabinet Committee on Security]] (CCS).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-11 |title=India 'fully ready' to add to fleet 2nd submarine with nuclear-tipped missiles |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-fully-ready-to-add-to-fleet-2nd-sub-with-n-tipped-missiles/articleshow/112433199.cms |access-date=2024-08-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-11 |title=India set to commission its second nuclear-missile submarine |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-set-to-commission-its-second-nuclear-missile-submarine/articleshow/112438432.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-08-12 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

On 9 October 2024, the CCS cleared the project at {{INRConvert|40000|c|lk=|year=2024}} to construct 2 nuclear attack submarines for the Indian Navy. The submarines shall be built at Ship Building Centre in Visakhapatnam and will include major private sector firms including Larsen & Toubro.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-10-09 |title=Centre clears deal to build 2 nuclear submarines, purchase 31 predator drones |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nuclear-submarine-deal-centre-31-us-predator-drone-indian-army-navy-2614341-2024-10-09 |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> According to reports, the first submarine will take 10–12 years to be [[Launched (ship)|launched]] with a 190 MW pressurised light-water reactor and a displacement of almost 10,000-tonnes. The maximum speed will be over {{Convert|30|kn|abbr=on}}. The submarines will feature an indigenous content of 95% and foreign assistance will include design consultancy only.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-09 |title=India clears two mega defence projects for 2 indigenous nuclear submarines & 31 Predator drones |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-clears-two-mega-defence-projects-for-2-indigenous-nuclear-submarines-31-predator-drones/articleshow/114095147.cms |access-date=2024-10-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-14 |title=Navy setting up base to control submarines on long-range patrols |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/navy-sets-up-base-to-control-submarines-on-long-range-patrols/articleshow/114196990.cms |access-date=2024-10-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

During a press conference, the Indian Navy confirmed that it plans to operate 6 SSNs in total. The first of the initial two submarines is to be completed by 2036-37 followed by the next in 2038-39.<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2024-12-02 |title=Navy Chief Dinesh Kumar Tripathi: Deals for Rafale-M jets, three additional Scorpene submarines in advanced stages |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/deals-for-rafale-m-jets-three-additional-scorpene-submarines-in-advanced-stages-navy-chief/article68937239.ece/ |access-date=2024-12-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Philip |first=Snehesh Alex |date=2024-12-02 |title=Navy chief spells out mega nuclear attack submarine plan. Here's what it is |url=https://theprint.in/defence/navy-chief-spells-out-mega-nuclear-attack-submarine-plan-heres-what-it-is/2383199/ |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Peri |first=Dinakar |date=2024-12-07 |title=Indigenous nuclear attack submarine design to take 4-5 years, another five years for construction |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indigenous-nuclear-attack-submarine-design-to-take-4-5-years-another-five-years-for-construction/article68959614.ece/ |access-date=2024-12-08 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The submarines are anticipated to be equipped with DRDO-developed hypersonic missiles and an upgraded BrahMos, which might have a strike range of 1,500–2,000 kilometers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumari |first=Khushboo |date=2025-07-08 |title=L&T in focus {{!}} India clears two nuclear-powered attack submarines armed with supersonic, hypersonic missiles |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/industry-lampt-in-focus-india-clears-two-nuclear-powered-attack-submarines-armed-with-supersonic-hypersonic-missiles-3906761/ |access-date=2025-07-09 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-21 |title=Indian Navy Project-77 SSN to get 2,500 km range Hypersonic SLCM to expand its firepower
|url=https://igmp.in/indian-navy-project-77-ssn-to-get-2500-km-range-hypersonic-slcm/ |access-date=2026-02-22 |website=India's growing Military power - IgMp |language=en}}</ref>

In September 2025, the ''[[Times of India]]'' reported that the [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]] (BARC) is developing a 200 [[MWe]]-rated nuclear reactor for the Indian Navy's next-generation nuclear submarines, including Project 77 and [[S5-class submarine]]s.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |title=Bhabha Atomic Research Centre making reactor for Navy's next-generation nuclear-submarines |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bhabha-atomic-research-centre-making-reactor-for-navys-next-generation-nuclear-submarines/articleshow/124005864.cms |access-date=2025-09-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Submarines of the Indian Navy]]
* [[Future of the Indian Navy]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Submarines of the Indian Navy}}

{{Ship classes of the Indian Navy}}
{{Current SSN}}

[[Category:Nuclear-powered submarines]]
[[Category:Submarine classes]]
[[Category:Attack submarines]]
[[Category:Submarines of the Indian Navy]]

Project 77-class submarine - Revision history

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