imported>Qwerfjkl: Removed 'a(n)' from the beginning of the short description per WP:SDFORMAT, from a request at Wikipedia:Reward board. (via WP:JWB)

2021-07-03T17:30:15Z

Removed 'a(n)' from the beginning of the short description per WP:SDFORMAT, from a request at Wikipedia:Reward board. (via WP:JWB)

New page

{{short description|Reform movement within the Dawoodi Bohra subsect of Mustaali Ismai'li Shi'a Islam}}
{{primary sources|date=December 2010}}
{{Ismailism}}

'''Progressive Dawoodi Bohra''' also known as ''Bohra Youth''<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwA7AAAAMAAJ |title=The Dawoodi Bohras: An Anthropological Perspective |first1=Shibani |last1=Roy |publisher=B.R. Publishing |year=1984|isbn=9780865903241 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Bohras |first1=Asghar Ali |last1=Engineer |author-link1=Asghar Ali Engineer |publisher=Vikas Publishing House |year=1993 |page=244 |isbn=9780706969214 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2duQAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> is a reform movement within the [[Dawoodi Bohra]] subsect of [[Mustaali]] Ismai'li [[Shi'a Islam]]. They disagree with mainstream Dawoodi Bohra, as led by the incumbent [[List of Dai of the Dawoodi Bohra|Da'i al-Mutlaq]], on doctrinal, economic, and social issues and broke off {{circa|1977}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of reform movement in Udaipur - Part 1 |url=https://www.dawoodi-bohras.com/about_us/jamaats/udaipur/udaipur_history_1/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611174100/https://www.dawoodi-bohras.com/about_us/jamaats/udaipur/udaipur_history_1/ |archive-date=11 Jun 2020 |access-date=11 Jun 2020 |last1=Engineer |first1=Asgar Ali|author-link1=Asghar Ali Engineer}}</ref>

The Progressive Dawoodi Bohra were led by [[Asghar Ali Engineer]],<ref>{{Cite web| title=Progressive Dawoodi Bohras Reform Issues |url=http://www.dawoodi-bohras.com/issues.htm |access-date=26 Jul 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223090336/http://www.dawoodi-bohras.com/issues.htm |archive-date=23 Dec 2007}}</ref> until his death in 2013. Engineer had alleged that the 51st Da'i al-Mutlaq, [[Taher Saifuddin]], claimed infallibility and issued new doctrines pronouncing that all properties owned by the Bohras (including [[mosque]]s) belonged to the Syedna, and that they are mere {{transl|bn|munims}} (account keepers) on his behalf.<ref name="case"/> Further, Saifuddin professed to have instituted a doctrine of Raza, which required that his followers do nothing (secular or religious, including [[namaz]]) without first attaining his permission.<ref name="case"/> The policy of requiring a Raza began in 1902, when the 50th Da'i al-Mutlaq, [[Abdullah Badruddin]], demanded that it be sought before construction of a secular school in [[Burhanpur]] could begin.<ref name="case"/> Several Bohras challenged Badruddin's and then his successor Saifuddin's authority through litigation in Mumbai courts and the Syedna's claims were accepted by the judge.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Bohras and reform: The clergy and the courts |url=https://www.dawoodi-bohras.com/news/67/97/The-clergy-and-the-courts/d,pdb_detail_article_comment/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611172715/https://www.dawoodi-bohras.com/news/67/97/The-clergy-and-the-courts/d,pdb_detail_article_comment/ |archive-date=11 Jun 2020 |date=11 Jan 2008 |first1=Shabbir Hussain |last1=Shaikh Badruddin Madraswala |website=dawoodi-bohras.com}}</ref>

== Beliefs and practices ==
The Progressives are subject to ''baraat'', a form of excommunication that disallows other community members from speaking to them and bans them from mosques, and liken this situation to that of [[Untouchability|untouchables]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Social boycott of Khuzaima Qutbuddin oppressive, say progressive Bohras seeking its complete ban |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-social-boycott-of-khuzaima-qutbuddin-oppressive-say-progressive-bohras-seeking-its-complete-ban-1955460 |newspaper=[[DNA India]] |date=23 January 2014 |access-date=23 February 2015}}</ref>

The Progressive Dawoodi Bohra community also claims that the 52nd Da'i Syedna [[Mohammad Burhanuddin]] asserted the same rights as Saifuddin. The ruling was appealed before the Rajasthan High Court at Jodhpur. Progressive Bohras claimed that the [[Waqf]] Act of 1954 provided exclusive control of property such as mosques to the Waqf Board, and that the Syedna had no rights over them.<ref name="case">{{cite web|url=http://www.dawoodi-bohras.com/issues/udai_masjid.htm |title=Udaipur Masjid Case Judgement: A Comment |access-date=2007-11-30 |last=Ali Engineer |first=Asghar |publisher=Progressive Dawoodi Bohras |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011062931/http://dawoodi-bohras.com/issues/udai_masjid.htm |archive-date=October 11, 2007 }}</ref>

== History of the Imāmī-Progressive Dawoodi Bohra ==
{{collapse top|The historical emergence of the Progressive Dawoodi Bohras |expand=yes}}
{{chart top|The historical emergence of the [[Shī‘ah]] [[Imamah (Ismaili doctrine)|Imāmī]] [[Taiyabi|Tāyyībī]]-[[Musta'li|Mustā‘lī]] Progressive Dawoodi-[[Ismā'īlī]]s }}
{| class="" style="float:{{{1|center}}}; margin: 2ex 0 0.6em 0.5em; width: 8em; line-height:111%;"
!The schematic history of the development of the [[Taiyabi|Imāmī]]-[[Musta'li|Mustā‘lī]]an Progressive Dawoodi Bohra from other [[Shī‘ah]] [[Muslim sects]]
|-
|
{{chart/start|align=right}}
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{{chart|ABW|v|ABM|!|ABH|v|FBQ| |ABB|ABW=[[Aminah bint Wahab]]|ABM=[[Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib|ʿAbd Allāh]] |HMZ=[[Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib|Hamza]]|ABB= [[‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib|‘Abbas]]|FBQ=Fatimah bint Qays|ABH=[[Asad ibn Hashim|Asad]] ibn [[Hashim ibn Abd al-Manaf|Hashim]]|boxstyle_ABH= background-color:PaleGreen; |boxstyle_ABT= background-color:MediumSpringGreen; |boxstyle_ABW= background-color:MediumSpringGreen; |boxstyle_FBQ= background-color:PaleGreen; |boxstyle_ABM= background-color:Aquamarine; }}
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{{chart|HBH|v|MHD| |ABT|v|FBA| |ABA| | | | | | | |MHD= '''[[Muhammad]]''' ([[Family tree of Muhammad|Family tree]]) |HBH=[[Khadija bint Khuwaylid|Khadija]] bint [[Khuwaylid ibn Asad|Khuwaylid]]|ABA=[[Abdullah ibn Abbas|ʿAbd Allāh]] |ABT=[[Abi Talib]]| FBA=[[Fatimah bint Asad]]|boxstyle_MHD= background-color:DeepSkyBlue; |boxstyle_HBH= background-color:Aqua; |boxstyle_ABH= background-color:MediumSpringGreen; |boxstyle_FBA= background-color:PaleGreen; |boxstyle_ABT= background-color:Aquamarine; }}
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{{chart|HAS1132| |SAD|:|MUS|,|HAD|7|KHR|HAD= [[Ali al Hadi]]|SAD=[[Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi|Abū Sa'id]]|HAS1132= [[Muhammad at-Taqi (Ahmed ibn Abadullah)|Aḥmad ''(Taqī Muhammad)'' ]]|MUS=[[Musa al-Mubarraqa|Mūsā al-Mūbārraqā]]|KHR=[[Khurramites|Khurrāmīyah]] ([[Babak Khorramdin|Pāpak]], [[Maziar]])| boxstyle_KHR= background-color:Coral; }}
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{{chart|HAS2132| |TAH|:|MAH| |HAS|:|KIZ| |HAS2132= [[Radi Abdullah|Ḥusayn ''(Raḍī ʿAbdillāh)'']]| |HAS=[[Hasan al-Askari]]| TAH=[[Abū-Tāhir Al-Jannābī|Abū-Tāhir]]|KIZ=[[Kızılbaş]]|MAH=[[Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi]] |boxstyle_KIZ= background-color:LightCoral; }}
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{{chart|ARW|ARW=[[Arwa al-Sulayhi|Arwa al-Sulayhi]]|-|DAW|.|AGA|~|PAM| |CEP| |CEP=[[Chepni]]s|DAW=[[Zoeb bin musa|Zoeb Musa]] ([[Dawoodi Bohra|Dawoodis]])|AGA=[[Aga Khan|Agha Khans]] ([[Imamate in Nizari doctrine|Nizārī Ismā'īlī]]s)|boxstyle_DRZ= background-color:#FFFFCC; | boxstyle_DAW= background-color:#FFFFCC; | boxstyle_AGA= background-color:PapayaWhip; |HUS2232=[[Dawoodi Bohra#Intra-Bohra schisms|Other Bohra]]s |PAM=[[Pamir Mountains|Pamir]] [[Pamiris|Ismāʿīlīsm]] | boxstyle_CEP= background-color:LavenderBlush; | boxstyle_PAM= background-color:Seashell;}}
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{{chart|SUL| |ALA|!|HEB|,|ATB| |SUL=[[Sulayman bin Hassan|Sulayman]] ([[Sulaymanis]]) |HEB=[[Hebtiahs Bohra]]|ALA=Ali bin Ibrāhim ([[Alavi Bohra]]) |PDB=Progressive Dawoodis |boxstyle_HEB= background-color:#FFFFCC;|ATB=[[Abdul Hussain Jivaji|A . Hussain Jivaji]] ([[Atba-i-Malak]]) | boxstyle_SUL= background-color:#FFFFCC; |boxstyle_ALA= background-color:#FFFFCC; | boxstyle_ATB= background-color:#FFFFCC; }}
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{{chart|JAF| |PDB| |AMV| |AMB| |JAF=[[Jafari Bohras]] ([[Syed Jafar Ahmad Shirazi]])|PDB=Progressive Dawoodis ([[Asghar Ali Engineer|Asghar Ali]])|AMB=[[Atba-e-Malak Badar|Atba-i-Malak Badar]] ([[Badruddin Ghulam Hussain Miya Khan Saheb|Ghulam Hussain Miya Khan]])|AMV=[[Atba-i-Malak Vakil]] ([[Abdul Qadir Ebrahimji|A. Qadir Ebrahimji]])| boxstyle_PDB= background-color:Yellow; |boxstyle_AMB= background-color:#FFFFCC; |boxstyle_AMV= background-color:#FFFFCC; }}
{{chart/end}}
{{chart/end}}
{{chart bottom}}
{{collapse end}}

==See also==
*[[Alavi Bohra]]
*[[Atba-i-Malak]]
**[[Atba-e-Malak Badar]]
**[[Atba-i-Malak Vakil]]
*[[Dawoodi Bohra]]
*[[Hebtiahs Bohra]]
*[[Patani Bohras]]
*[[Sulaymani Bohra]]
*[[Sunni Bohra]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.dawoodi-bohras.com/ Progressive Dawoodi Bohras]

[[Category:Dawoodi Bohras]]
[[Category:Tayyibi Isma'ili branches]]

Progressive Dawoodi Bohra - Revision history

imported>Qwerfjkl: Removed 'a(n)' from the beginning of the short description per WP:SDFORMAT, from a request at Wikipedia:Reward board. (via WP:JWB)