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{{use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| succession = King of Shakambhari
| reign = c. 1165-1169 CE
| dynasty = [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari]]
| predecessor = [[Amaragangeya]]
| successor = [[Someshvara (Chahamana dynasty)|Someshvara]]
}}
'''Prithvirāja II''' (r. c. 1165–1169 CE ) was an Indian king from the [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahamana dynasty]]. He ruled parts of north-western India, including present-day [[Rajasthan]]. He is also known by other names, including Prithvi-bhatta, Prithvi-deva and Pethad-deva.

== Early life ==

Prithviraja was a son of the Chahamana king [[Jagaddeva (Chahamana dynasty)|Jagaddeva]]. The rule of Jagaddeva was followed by that of his brother [[Vigraharaja IV]], and then Vigraharaja's son [[Aparagangeya]]. According to an inscription found at the Ruthi Rani temple at [[Dhod]], Prithviraja defeated the king of Shakambhari. This indicates that Prithviraja de-throned Aparagangeya, and became the Chahamana king.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=154}}

== Reign ==

Prithviraja appears to have faced Muslim invasions from the west. According to the 1168 CE [[Hansi]] stone inscription, he assigned his maternal uncle Kilhana as the in-charge of the [[Hansi Fort|Ashika Fort]] (modern Hansi), anxious to save it from Hammira ([[Emir]]). The "Hammira" can be identified with [[Ghaznavid]] king [[Khusrau Malik]], who controlled [[Lahore]] at the time.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=155}}

The Hansi inscription also states that Kilhana burnt a town called Panchapura.{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=155}} [[Dasharatha Sharma]] identifies Panchapura with modern Panjaur. The ruler of Panchapura accepted Prithviraja's suzerainty, and surrendered to him an expensive pearl necklace.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=66}}

The [[Bijolia]] rock inscription states that Prithviraja secured an elephant named Manahsiddhikari from a ruler named Vasantapala. Dasharatha Sharma identifies this Vasantapala with a king mentioned in the play ''Lalita-Vigraharaja-Nataka''. According to this play, Vasantapala was the father of Vigraharaja's lover Desaladevi. Sharma theorizes that Aparagangeya was Desaladevi's son. Thus, Vasantapala was probably an enemy of Prithviraja, and was subdued by him.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=66}}

Prithviraja probably died heirless, because of which he was succeeded by his uncle [[Someshvara (Chahamana dynasty)|Someshvara]].{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=155}}

== Religion ==

Prithviraja's queen was Suhavadevi{{sfn|R. B. Singh|1964|p=154}} or Sudhava.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=66}} Both were devout [[Shaivite]]s. Prithviraja gifted villages and precious metals (including gold) to [[Brahmin]]s. He also granted the Morajhari village to the [[Parshvanatha]] [[Jainism|Jain]] temple at Bijolia.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=66}}

== Inscriptions ==
<mapframe text="" width="400" height="400" zoom="6" longitude="75.37" latitude="27.23">
{
"type": "FeatureCollection",
"features": [
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "star", "title": "[[Ajmer]]", "description": "Ajayameru (modern Ajmer) was the capital of Prithviraja II. No inscriptions from his reign have been found here." },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [74.6399, 26.4499] }
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "monument", "title": "[[Hansi]]" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [75.96, 29.11] }
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "monument", "title": "[[Dhod]]" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [74.98, 27.49] }
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "monument", "title": "Menal" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [75.17, 25.10] }
}
]
}
</mapframe>
Inscriptions dated to Prithviraja's reign have been found at following places:{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=65}}

* [[Hansi]], 1167 CE (1224 [[Vikrama Samvat|VS]])
* [[Dhod]], 1168 CE (1225 VS)
* Menal, 1168 CE (1225 VS) and 1169 CE (1226 VS)

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===

* {{cite book |author=Dasharatha Sharma |title=Early Chauhān Dynasties |publisher=S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass |year=1959 |isbn=9780842606189 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4gcAAAAMAAJ }}
* {{cite book |author=R. B. Singh |title=History of the Chāhamānas |publisher=N. Kishore |year=1964 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKs9AAAAIAAJ |oclc=11038728 }}

{{Chahamanas of Shakambhari}}

[[Category:Chahamanas of Shakambhari]]
[[Category:12th-century Indian monarchs]]

Prithviraja II - Revision history

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