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	{{short description\|U.S. presidential administration from 2009 to 2017}}		{{short description\|U.S. presidential administration from 2009 to 2017}}
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	{{For timeline\|Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency}}		{{For timeline\|Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency}}
	{{Use mdy dates\|date=May 2020}}		{{Use mdy dates\|date=May 2020}}
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	{{see also\|Syrian Civil War\|American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War}}		{{see also\|Syrian Civil War\|American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War}}

	Syria was one of the states most heavily affected by the Arab Spring, and by the second half of March 2011, major anti-government protests were being held in Syria.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2011/mar/22/middle-east-protest-interactive-timeline\|title=Arab spring: an interactive timeline of Middle East protests \| location=London \|work=The Guardian\|first1=Garry\|last1=Blight\|first2=Sheila\|last2=Pulham\|first3=Paul\|last3=Torpey\|date=March 22, 2011}}</ref> Though Syria had long been an adversary of the United States, Obama argued that unilateral military action to topple the [[Bashar al-Assad]] regime would be a mistake.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-03-07/obama-warns-against-military-action-in-syria/3872982 \|title=Obama seeks to calm 'beat of war' over Syria, Iran \|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation \|date=March 7, 2012 \|access-date=August 7, 2013}}</ref> As the protests continued, Syria fell into a protracted [[Syrian Civil War\|civil war]],<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2012/06/syrias-civil-war/100319/ \|title=Syria's Civil War \|work=The Atlantic \|date=June 14, 2012 \|access-date=August 7, 2013}}</ref> and the United States supported the [[Syrian opposition]] against the Assad regime.<ref name=jpace2>{{cite news\|last1=Pace\|first1=Julie\|title=Analysis: Obama crosses own red line with Syrian deployment\|url=https://news.yahoo.com/analysis-syria-deployment-obama-crosses-own-red-line-071956227--politics.html\|access-date=November 15, 2015\|agency=Associated Press\|publisher=Yahoo!\|date=October 31, 2015}}</ref> US criticism of Assad intensified after the [[Ghouta chemical attack]], eventually resulting in a Russian-backed deal that saw the Syrian government relinquish its chemical weapons.<ref name=zbeauchamp>{{cite news\|last1=Beauchamp\|first1=Zack\|title=Syria's civil war: a brief history\|url=https://www.vox.com/2015/9/14/9319293/syrian-refugees-civil-war\|access-date=November 15, 2015\|publisher=Vox\|date=October 2, 2015}}</ref> In the chaos of the Syrian Civil War, an Islamist group known as [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL) took control of large portions of Syria and Iraq.<ref name=kshaeen>{{cite news\|last1=Shaheen\|first1=Kareem\|title=Isis 'controls 50% of Syria' after seizing historic city of Palmyra\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/21/isis-palmyra-syria-islamic-state\|access-date=November 15, 2015\|work=The Guardian\|date=May 21, 2015}}</ref> ISIL, which had originated as [[al-Qaeda in Iraq]] under the leadership of [[Abu Musab al-Zarqawi]],<ref name="Isis1">{{cite news\|last1=Fisher\|first1=Ian\|title=In Rise of ISIS, No Single Missed Key but Many Strands of Blame\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/19/world/middleeast/in-rise-of-isis-no-single-missed-key-but-many-strands-of-blame.html\|access-date=July 23, 2016\|work=[[The New York Times]]\|date=November 18, 2015}}</ref> eventually challenged [[al-Qaeda]] as the most prominent global [[terrorist]] group during Obama's second term.<ref name=elabottisil>{{cite news\|last1=Labott\|first1=Elise\|title=State Department report: ISIS breaking new ground as new leader in terror groups\|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/06/19/politics/isis-report-state-department-terror/\|access-date=January 21, 2016\|publisher=CNN\|date=June 20, 2015}}</ref> Starting in 2014, the Obama administration launched [[American-led intervention in Syria\|air strikes]] against ISIL and trained anti-ISIL soldiers, while continuing to oppose Assad's regime.<ref name=jpace2/><ref name=zbeauchamp/> The Obama administration also cooperated with [[Kurds in Syria\|Syrian Kurds]] in opposing the ISIL, straining relations with [[Turkey]], which accused the Syrian Kurds of working with the [[Kurds\|Kurdish]] terrorist groups [[Kurds in Turkey\|inside Turkey]].<ref name="cunninghamkurds1">{{cite news\|last1=Cunningham\|first1=Erin\|title=Syria's war creates myriad problems for Turkey\|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/syrias-war-becomes-a-bigger-problem-for-turkey/2017/01/17/ab4ba450-c7be-11e6-acda-59924caa2450_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-cards_hp-card-world%3Ahomepage%2Fcard\|access-date=January 19, 2017\|work=[[The Washington Post]]\|date=January 18, 2017}}</ref> Russia launched its own [[Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War\|military intervention]] to aid Assad's regime, creating a complicated multi-party [[proxy war]], though the United States and Russia sometimes cooperated to fight ISIL.<ref name="syriaproxywar">{{cite news\|last1=Mazzetti\|first1=Mark\|last2=Barnard\|first2=Anne\|last3=Schmitt\|first3=Eric\|title=Military Success in Syria Gives Putin Upper Hand in U.S. Proxy War\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/07/world/middleeast/military-syria-putin-us-proxy-war.html\|access-date=August 7, 2016\|work=[[The New York Times]]\|date=August 6, 2016}}</ref> In November 2015, Obama announced a plan to resettle at least 10,000 [[Refugees of the Syrian Civil War\|Syrian refugees]] in the United States.<ref name=autogenerated2 /> Obama's "light-footprint" approach to the Syrian conflict was criticized by many as the Syrian Civil War became a major humanitarian catastrophe, but supporters of Obama argued that he deserved credit for keeping the United States out of another costly ground war in the Middle East.<ref name="mspetalnick1">{{cite news\|last1=Spetalnick\|first1=Matt\|last2=Landay\|first2=Jonathan\|title=Syria's civil war to mar Obama legacy\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-obama-analysis-idUSKBN14228S\|access-date=January 11, 2017\|publisher=Reuters\|date=December 13, 2016}}</ref><ref name="usher1">{{cite news\|last1=Plett Usher\|first1=Barbara\|title=Obama's Syria legacy: Measured diplomacy, strategic explosion\|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38297343\|access-date=January 13, 2017\|publisher=BBC\|date=January 13, 2017}}</ref~~><ref name="parsonshennigan1"/~~>		Syria was one of the states most heavily affected by the Arab Spring, and by the second half of March 2011, major anti-government protests were being held in Syria.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2011/mar/22/middle-east-protest-interactive-timeline\|title=Arab spring: an interactive timeline of Middle East protests \| location=London \|work=The Guardian\|first1=Garry\|last1=Blight\|first2=Sheila\|last2=Pulham\|first3=Paul\|last3=Torpey\|date=March 22, 2011}}</ref> Though Syria had long been an adversary of the United States, Obama argued that unilateral military action to topple the [[Bashar al-Assad]] regime would be a mistake.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-03-07/obama-warns-against-military-action-in-syria/3872982 \|title=Obama seeks to calm 'beat of war' over Syria, Iran \|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation \|date=March 7, 2012 \|access-date=August 7, 2013}}</ref> As the protests continued, Syria fell into a protracted [[Syrian Civil War\|civil war]],<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2012/06/syrias-civil-war/100319/ \|title=Syria's Civil War \|work=The Atlantic \|date=June 14, 2012 \|access-date=August 7, 2013}}</ref> and the United States supported the [[Syrian opposition]] against the Assad regime.<ref name=jpace2>{{cite news\|last1=Pace\|first1=Julie\|title=Analysis: Obama crosses own red line with Syrian deployment\|url=https://news.yahoo.com/analysis-syria-deployment-obama-crosses-own-red-line-071956227--politics.html\|access-date=November 15, 2015\|agency=Associated Press\|publisher=Yahoo!\|date=October 31, 2015}}</ref> US criticism of Assad intensified after the [[Ghouta chemical attack]], eventually resulting in a Russian-backed deal that saw the Syrian government relinquish its chemical weapons.<ref name=zbeauchamp>{{cite news\|last1=Beauchamp\|first1=Zack\|title=Syria's civil war: a brief history\|url=https://www.vox.com/2015/9/14/9319293/syrian-refugees-civil-war\|access-date=November 15, 2015\|publisher=Vox\|date=October 2, 2015}}</ref> In the chaos of the Syrian Civil War, an Islamist group known as [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL) took control of large portions of Syria and Iraq.<ref name=kshaeen>{{cite news\|last1=Shaheen\|first1=Kareem\|title=Isis 'controls 50% of Syria' after seizing historic city of Palmyra\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/21/isis-palmyra-syria-islamic-state\|access-date=November 15, 2015\|work=The Guardian\|date=May 21, 2015}}</ref> ISIL, which had originated as [[al-Qaeda in Iraq]] under the leadership of [[Abu Musab al-Zarqawi]],<ref name="Isis1">{{cite news\|last1=Fisher\|first1=Ian\|title=In Rise of ISIS, No Single Missed Key but Many Strands of Blame\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/19/world/middleeast/in-rise-of-isis-no-single-missed-key-but-many-strands-of-blame.html\|access-date=July 23, 2016\|work=[[The New York Times]]\|date=November 18, 2015}}</ref> eventually challenged [[al-Qaeda]] as the most prominent global [[terrorist]] group during Obama's second term.<ref name=elabottisil>{{cite news\|last1=Labott\|first1=Elise\|title=State Department report: ISIS breaking new ground as new leader in terror groups\|url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/06/19/politics/isis-report-state-department-terror/\|access-date=January 21, 2016\|publisher=CNN\|date=June 20, 2015}}</ref> Starting in 2014, the Obama administration launched [[American-led intervention in Syria\|air strikes]] against ISIL and trained anti-ISIL soldiers, while continuing to oppose Assad's regime.<ref name=jpace2/><ref name=zbeauchamp/> The Obama administration also cooperated with [[Kurds in Syria\|Syrian Kurds]] in opposing the ISIL, straining relations with [[Turkey]], which accused the Syrian Kurds of working with the [[Kurds\|Kurdish]] terrorist groups [[Kurds in Turkey\|inside Turkey]].<ref name="cunninghamkurds1">{{cite news\|last1=Cunningham\|first1=Erin\|title=Syria's war creates myriad problems for Turkey\|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/syrias-war-becomes-a-bigger-problem-for-turkey/2017/01/17/ab4ba450-c7be-11e6-acda-59924caa2450_story.html?hpid=hp_hp-cards_hp-card-world%3Ahomepage%2Fcard\|access-date=January 19, 2017\|work=[[The Washington Post]]\|date=January 18, 2017}}</ref> Russia launched its own [[Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War\|military intervention]] to aid Assad's regime, creating a complicated multi-party [[proxy war]], though the United States and Russia sometimes cooperated to fight ISIL.<ref name="syriaproxywar">{{cite news\|last1=Mazzetti\|first1=Mark\|last2=Barnard\|first2=Anne\|last3=Schmitt\|first3=Eric\|title=Military Success in Syria Gives Putin Upper Hand in U.S. Proxy War\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/07/world/middleeast/military-syria-putin-us-proxy-war.html\|access-date=August 7, 2016\|work=[[The New York Times]]\|date=August 6, 2016}}</ref> In November 2015, Obama announced a plan to resettle at least 10,000 [[Refugees of the Syrian Civil War\|Syrian refugees]] in the United States.<ref name=autogenerated2 /> Obama's "light-footprint" approach to the Syrian conflict was criticized by many as the Syrian Civil War became a major humanitarian catastrophe, but supporters of Obama argued that he deserved credit for keeping the United States out of another costly ground war in the Middle East.<ref name="parsonshennigan1"/><ref name="mspetalnick1">{{cite news\|last1=Spetalnick\|first1=Matt\|last2=Landay\|first2=Jonathan\|title=Syria's civil war to mar Obama legacy\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-obama-analysis-idUSKBN14228S\|access-date=January 11, 2017\|publisher=Reuters\|date=December 13, 2016}}</ref><ref name="usher1">{{cite news\|last1=Plett Usher\|first1=Barbara\|title=Obama's Syria legacy: Measured diplomacy, strategic explosion\|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38297343\|access-date=January 13, 2017\|publisher=BBC\|date=January 13, 2017}}</ref>

	===Foreign and domestic surveillance===		===Foreign and domestic surveillance===

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