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{{Multiple issues|
{{Prose|date=June 2020}}
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{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Premendra Mitra
| image = Premendra Mitra.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1904|09|04}}
| birth_place = [[Varanasi]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]], [[British India]] (now in [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|1988|05|02|1904|09|04|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| occupation = Poet, writer, director
| spouse = Beena Mitra
| awards = [[Rabindra Puraskar]]<br>[[Padma Shri]]
| signature =
}}
{{Contains special characters|Indic}}
'''Premendra Mitra''' (4 September 1904 – 3 May 1988)<ref name="Bandyopadhyay">{{cite book|author=Sibaji Bandyopadhyay|title=Sibaji Bandyopadhyay Reader|year=2012|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hhmfd7G0oYUC&pg=PA235|access-date=25 June 2012|publisher=Worldview Publications|isbn=978-81-920651-8-2|pages=235–}}</ref><ref name="Lal2006">{{cite book|author=Mohan Lal|title=The Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature Volume Five (Sasay To Zorgot)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C&pg=PA3889|access-date=25 June 2012|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1221-3|pages=3889–}}</ref><ref name = "Samsad">Samsad Bengali Charitabhidhan Vol.II edited Anjali Bose, Published by Sagitta Samsad, Kolkata, Edition January,2019,Page-240 {{ISBN| 978-81-7955-292-6}}</ref> was an Indian poet, writer and film director in the [[Bengali language]]. He was also a practitioner of [[Bengali science fiction]]. His critique of humanity led him to believe that for it to survive, human beings had to "forget their differences and be united".<ref>Bridges to Breakthroughs: Tracing the Genealogy of the Indian Science. Shradha Kabra, The Criterion, an International Journal in English, December 2012, Vol.III, Iss.IV, {{ISSN|0976-8165}}</ref>

==Birth and Family==
Premendra Mitra was born on 4 September 1904 at his father's workplace [[Varanasi]]. His ancestral house was at [[Rajpur Sonarpur|Rajpur]] in the district of [[South 24 Parganas]] of [[West Bengal]].<ref name="premen"/> He belonged to the renowned Mitra family of [[Konnagar]] (in [[Hooghly district]], [[West Bengal]]).<ref name="premen"/><ref name="mittir"/> His father's name was Gyanendranath Mitra and his mother was Suhasini Debi. He lost his mother at an early age.<ref name="premen">{{cite news|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/editorial/premendra-mitra-s-schooling-was-done-in-nalhati-1.956549|title=প্রেমেন্দ্র মিত্রের স্কুলশিক্ষা হয়েছিল নলহাটিতে|publisher=Anandabazar patrika}}</ref><ref name="mittir">{{cite news|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/supplementary/patrika/a-write-up-on-writer-premandra-mitra-1.366533|title=নেশা ছিল পালিয়ে যাবার|publisher=Anandabazar patrika}}</ref>

==Life==
Premendra Mitra was born in [[Varanasi]], India where his father Gyanendranath Mitra was an employee of the [[Indian Railways]] and because of that he had the opportunity to travel to many places in India. Having lost his mother, who died during his childhood, he was brought up by his grandparents in [[Uttar Pradesh]] and spent his later life in [[Calcutta]] (now Kolkata) and [[Dhaka]]. He was a student of [[South Suburban School (Main)]] and enrolled for a BA at the [[Scottish Church College]]<ref>''Some Alumni of Scottish Church College'' in ''175th Year Commemoration Volume''. Scottish Church College, April 2008, p. 590</ref> in Calcutta which he left prematurely to study agriculture in [[Santiniketan]] with a friend of [[Rabindranath Tagore]], [[Leonard Elmhirst]]. Because it did not hold his interest, he returned to education first on an undergraduate course in Dhaka and in 1925 at [[Asutosh College]] in Calcutta where he assisted the research of [[Dinesh Chandra Sen]].<ref>Premendra Mitra Mindscape (Bengali), Sahitya Akademi, 2000</ref> In particular, his creation of the character of [[GhanaDa]] [ঘনাদা] (meaning: 'Elder brother Ghana' in Bengali) won him public recognition.<ref>Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature, Sahitya Akademi, 1992</ref>

==Bibliography==
{{Div col}}
=== Poems ===
*''Prothoma'' (First Lady)
*''Somrat'' (The Emperor)
*''Feraari Fouj'' (The Lost Army) Poetries:''Phyan'' [ফ্যান]
*''Sagor Theke Fera'' (Returning From The Sea)
*''Horin Cheeta Chil'' (Deer, Cheetah, Kite) Poetries: ''Khunt'' [খুঁত] (Wrong)
*''Kokhono Megh'' (An Occasional Cloud)
*''Ananya'' (One-of-a-kind, Unique)
*''Khuda wahid'' (Allah)

=== Short story collections ===
==== Bengali ====
*''PonchoShor'' [পঞ্চশর] (The Five Arrows)
*''Benami Bandar'' [বেনামি বন্দর] (Unknown Harbour)
*''Putul O Protima'' [পুতুল ও প্রতিমা] (Doll And Clay Image of Goddess)
*''Mrittika'' [মৃত্তিকা] (Earthen image)
*''Ofuronto'' [অফুরন্ত] (Endless)
*''Dhuli Dhusor'' [ধূলি ধূসর] (Fade As Dust)
*''Mohanagar'' [মহানগর] (The Great City)
*''Jol Payra'' (Water Pigeon)
*''Sreshto Golpo'' [শ্রেষ্ঠ গল্প] (Best Stories)
*''Nana Ronge Bona'' [নানা রঙে বোনা] (Knit with Different Colours)
*''Nirbachita'' [নির্বাচিত] (Selected)
*''Telenapota Abishkar'' [তেলেনাপোতা আবিষ্কার] (Discovering Telenapota)

==== English ====
(Not actually written by him, later translated)
*''Snake And Other Stories''
*''Mosquito and Other Stories''
*''Adventures of Ghanada''

==== For children ====
*''MayurPankhi'' [ময়ূরপঙ্খী]
*''SagorDanri'' [সাগরদাঁড়ি]
*''MakorMukhi'' [মকরমুখী]

=== Rhymes ===
*''Hariye'' [হারিয়ে]
*''Borong'' [বরং]
*''Misti Megh'' [মিষ্টি মেঘ] (A Sweet Cloud)
*''Onko'' [অঙ্ক] (Mathematics)
*''Misti'' [মিষ্টি] (Sweet)
*''Duti Banshi'' [দুটি বাঁশি] (The Two Flutes)
*''Megher Ghurhi'' [মেঘের ঘুড়ি] (The Kite of Cloud)

=== Fairy tales, ghost stories and teenager stories ===
*''Chorui Pakhira Kothay Jay'' [চড়ুই পাখিরা কোথায় যায়]
*''Lighthouse-e'' [লাইটহাউসে] (At the Lighthouse)
*''Satyabadi Suku'' [সত্যবাদী সুকু] (Suku the Truth Speaker)
*''Hatir Danter Kaj'' [হাতির দাঁতের কাজ] (Work Done By the Tooth of an Elephant)
*''Golper Swarge'' [গল্পের স্বর্গে] (At the Paradise of Stories)
*''Putuler Lorai'' [পুতুলের লড়াই] (The Fight of the Dolls)
*''Ramrajye Bidroha'' [রামরাজ্যে বিদ্রোহ]
*''Kurukshetre Bhaja Orfe Brihaddhaja'' [কুরুক্ষেত্রে ভজা ওরফে বৄহদ্ধজ] (Bhaja Alias Brihaddhaja at the Kurukshetra)
*''Ratan Panjali'' [রতন পাঞ্জালী]
*''Ko-Aai'' [কো-আই]
*''Porira Keno Ase Na'' [পরিরা কেন আসে না] (Why the Fairies Don't Come)
*''KalRakkhos Kothay Thake? '' [কালরাক্ষস কোথায় থাকে?] (Where does KalRakkhos Live?)
*''Sanu O DudhRajkumar'' [সানু ও দুধরাজকুমার] (Sanu And DudhRajkumar)
*''KaluSardar'' (Kalu the Leader)
*''Gopon Bahini'' [গোপন বাহিনী] (The Secret Force)
*''Mahuri Kuthite Ek Rat'' [মাহুরি কুঠিতে এক রাত] (One Night Stand at Mahuri Kuthi)
*''Nishutipur'' [নিশুতিপুর]
*''Vuturhe Jahaj'' [ভূতুড়ে জাহাজ] (The Ghost Ship)

=== Ghost stories ===
*''Golper Sheshe'' (At the End of the Story)
*''Rajputanar Morute'' (At the Desert of the Rajputana)
*''Bromhadoityer Math'' (The Ground of Bromhadoityo (Ghost)

=== Fun stories ===
*''Clue'' [ক্লু] (The Clue)
*''Chor'' [চোর] (The Thief)
*''Bhupaler Kopal'' [ভূপালের কপাল] (The Fate of Bhupal)
*''BishwomvorBabur Bibortonbad'' [বিশ্বম্ভরবাবুর বিবর্তনবাদ] (The Thesis of Evolution by BishwomvorBabu)
*''Niruddesh'' [নিরুদ্দেশ] (Missing Person)

=== Science fictions ===
He was among the pioneers of [[Bengali science fiction]]. He started writing Science fictions to make children and preteens familiar with science.
*''Juddho Jakhan Thamlo'' [যুদ্ধ যখন থামল] (When the War Stopped)
*''[[Pinpre Puran]]'' [পিঁপড়ে পুরাণ] (The Story of the Ants)<ref name=Sengupta>Debjani Sengupta (2003). {{cite web |url= http://www.sarai.net/publications/readers/03-shaping-technologies/resolveUid/8d9312b206058106c1a2099f849783aa |title= Sadhanbabu's Friends: Science Fiction in Bengal from 1882–1961 |access-date= 16 August 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081011060538/http://www.sarai.net/publications/readers/03-shaping-technologies/resolveUid/8d9312b206058106c1a2099f849783aa |archive-date= 11 October 2008 |url-status= dead }}, ''Sarai Reader: Shaping Technologies'' '''3'''.</ref>
*''Prithivir Shatru'' [পৄথিবীর শত্রু] (The Enemies of the Earth)
*''Kalapanir Atole'' [কালাপানির অতলে]
*''Mangalbairi'' [মঙ্গলবৈরী] (The Martian Enemies)<ref name=Sengupta/>
*''Koral Korkot'' [করাল কর্কট] (Horrible Crab)
*''Akasher Atonko'' [আকাশের আতঙ্ক] (The Danger from the Sky)
*''Manusher Protidwondi'' [মানুষের প্রতিদ্বন্দ্বী] (The Rival of the Man)
*''MoyDanober Dweep'' [ময়দানবের দ্বীপ] (The Island of MoyDanob)
*''Shomaoner Ron(g) Sada'' [শমনের রং সাদা] (The White Coloured Death)
*''Shukre Jara Giyechhilo'' [শুক্রে যারা গিয়েছিল] Those Who Went to Venus; previously named as ''Prithibee Chhariye'' [পৃথিবী ছাড়িয়ে] (Beyond the Earth)
{{Div col end}}

=== Novels ===
*''Paank'' (The Mud)
*''Michhil'' (The Procession)
*''Uponayon'' (The Ceremony)
*''Protishod'' (The Revenge)
*''[[Kuasha]]'' (The Fog)
*''Protidhwoni Fere'' (Echo Returns)
*''Haat Baralei Bondhu''
*''Ora Thake Odhare''
*''Path Bhuley''
*''Dabi''

===Characters===
{{Div col}}
====[[Ghanada]]====

{{Main|Ghanada}}
''[[Ghanada]]'' (Original name: ''[[Ghanada|Ghanashyam Das]]'') is a middle-aged resident of a mess at 72, Banamali Naskar Lane in Kolkata, West Bengal with the four young members ''Shibu'', ''Shishir'', ''Gour'' and ''Sudhir'' (the narrator of the stories). He claims himself to be full of thrilling experience all over the globe (and, even in [[Mars]]!) to tackle conspiracies. Also, some of the stories are about ''Ganado'' (Original name: ''Ghonoram Das'' [ঘনরাম দাস]) in South America, and ''Bachanram Das'' [বচনরাম দাস] in [[Agra]] at [[Medieval India]], his ancestors. First Ghanada story was '''[[Mosha (novel)|মশা]]''' (The Mosquito) published in 1945.<ref name=abp4>{{cite book|editor-first=Surajit|editor-last=Dasgupta |title=ঘনাদা সমগ্র - পর্ব ১|publisher=Ananda Publishers|year=2000|isbn=81-7215-395-3}}</ref>

====[[Mamababu]]====
{{Main|Mamababu}}
''[[Mamababu]]'' (Maternal Uncle) lived in [[Burma]] on account of his service. Original name of this middle-aged man is never stated. His expeditions are written in many novels and short-stories, such as:
*''Kuhoker Deshe'' (In the Land of Illusion)
*''Dryagoner Nishwas'' (The Breath of the Dragon)
*''Mamababur Protidan'' (The Refund of Mamababu)
*''Abar Sei Meyeti'' (That Girl Again)
*''Paharer Nam Korali'' (The Hill Named Korali)
This character inspired [[Sunil Gangopadhyay]] to write his famous [[Kakababu]] series.

====[[Parashor Barma]]====
{{Main|Parashor Barma}}
[[Parashor Barma]] is a detective but he tries to be a poet.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.banglamystery.com/Bengali_mystery_literature_writers.htm |title=Authors of Bengali mystery stories (গোয়েন্দা ও রহস্যকাহিনী লেখক) |publisher=Banglamystery.com |access-date=11 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402215455/http://www.banglamystery.com/Bengali_mystery_literature_writers.htm |archive-date=2 April 2012}}</ref> First Parashor story is ''Goyenda Kobi Parashor'' [গোয়েন্দা কবি পরাশর] (Detective Poet Parashor) in 1932. Some other stories are:
*''Hippie Songe [[Parashor Barma]]'' [হিপি সঙ্গে পরাশর বর্মা] (Parashor Barma in [[Hippie]] Company)
*''Cluber naam kumati'' [ক্লাবের নাম কুমতি] (Club named Kumati)
*''Nilem daklo parashor Barma'' [নিলেম ডাকলো পরাশর বর্মা] (Parashor called an auction)
*''Premer Chokhe Parashor'' [প্রেমের চোখে পরাশর] (Parashor in the Eye of Love)
*''[[Parashor Barma]]'' O Bhanga Radio [পরাশর বর্মা ও ভাঙ্গা রেডিও] (Parashor Barma and the Broken Radio)<ref>{{Cite book|title=Adyopanta Parashar (Bengali)|last=Premendra Mitra|publisher=Sakkhorata Prakashan|year=1977|location=Kolkata|pages=3}}</ref>
*''[[Parashor Barma]] O Ashlil Boi [পরাশর বর্মা ও অশ্লীল বই] (Parashor Barma and the Book of Vulger)
*''Parashor Ebar Johuri'' [পরাশর এবার জহুরি]

Two Ghanada tales also include Parashar Barma : ''Parasharey Ghanaday'' and ''Ghanada Phirlen''.<ref>from the 'Short stories from the 1980s' page of the '''Ghanada Gallery''' website : http://ghanada.wix.com/ghanada-gallery#!short-stories-from-the-1980s/c1gv5</ref>

====[[Mejokorta]]====
{{Main|Mejokorta}}
[[Mejokorta]] is a ghost-hunter. Books featuring Mejokorta are collected in an anthology named ''Bhoot Shikari Mejokorta Ebong...''

{{Div col end}}

===Publishers of Mitra's writings===

[[Leela Majumdar]] translated several Ghanada tales in a volume called ''Adventures of Ghanada''.<ref name="ghanada.wix.com">from the 'Translations' page of the '''Ghanada Gallery''' website : http://ghanada.wix.com/ghanada-gallery#!translations/c14zm</ref>
The latest English translation of his Ghanada stories (''Mosquito and Other Stories'') was published by [[Penguin Books|Penguin Books India]] in 2004.<ref name="ghanada.wix.com"/>

==Filmography==
===Direction===
*''Samadhan'' [সমাধান] (The Solution) Bengali,1943
*''Bideshini'' [বিদেশিনী] (The Foreigner Lady) Bengali, 1944
*''[[Path Bendhe Dilo]]'' [পথ বেঁধে দিল] (The Way Is Closed) Bengali, 1945.
*''Rajlakshmi'' [[Hindi]], 1945.
*''Notun Khobor'' [নতুন খবর] (New News) Bengali, 1947: Starred by [[Dhiraj Bhattacharya]]. Story, Screenplay by Mitra.
*''[[Kalo Chhaya]]'' [কালো ছায়া] (Black Shadow) Bengali, 1948: Starred by [[Dhiraj Bhattacharya]].
*[[Kuasha (1949)|''Kuasha'' (1949)]] [কুয়াশা] (The Fog) Bengali, 1949: Based on his own novel, starring [[Nripati Chattopadhyay]].
*''Kankantala Light Railway'' 1950
*''Setu'' 1951
*[[Hanabari]] [হানাবাড়ি] (The Haunted House) Bengali, 1952: A [[Dhiraj Bhattacharya]] and [[Nabadwip Halder]] starred film, where the mystery of a terrible creature in a haunted building was solved by a detective in disguise of a beggar. This movie was also produced by Mitra.
*''Dui Biye'' [দুই বিয়ে়] (Two Marriages) Bengali, 1953: [[Nripati Chattopadhyay]] and [[Dhiraj Bhattyacharya]] acted.
*''[[Moyla Kagaj]]'' [ময়লা কাগজ] (The Dirty Paper) Bengali, 1954: Cast by [[Anil Chatterjee]] and [[Nripati Chattopadhyay]].
*''[[Dakinir Char]]'' [ডাকিনীর চর] (The Island of Witch) Bengali, 1955
*''[[Chupi Chupi Aashey]]'' [চুপি চুপি আসে] (Silently He Comes) Bengali, 1960; an uncredited adaptation of [[Agatha Christie]]'s '[[The Mousetrap]]'.

===Story, screenplay, lyrics and dialogues===
*''[[Bhabikaal]]'' [ভাবী কাল] (The Future) Bengali, 1945 – Story: Directed by [[Niren Lihiri]].
*''[[Avijog]]'' [অভিযোগ] (The Complain) Bengali, 1947 – Story, Screenplay, Lyrics: Directed by [[Shushil Majumder]].
*''[[Digvranto]]'' [দিগভ্রান্ত] (The Lost Destination) Bengali, 1950 – Story, Screenplay: Directed by [[Shushil Majumder]].
*''[[Ora Thake Odhare]]'' [ওরা থাকে ওধারে] (They Live That Side) Bengali, 1954 – Story, Screenplay, Lyrics: This funny movie is based on contemporary ''[[the residents from Western Bengal|Ghati]]'' [ঘটি] and [[Bangal]] [[:bn:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2|বাঙাল]] disputes of fifties. Starred by [[Uttam Kumar]], [[Suchitra Sen]], [[Bhanu Bandyopadhyay]], [[Tulsi Chakrabarti]], [[Chhabi Biswas]] and [[Dhiraj Bhattacharya]]. Directed by [[Sukumar Dashgupta]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Internet Archive author}}

{{Premendra Mitra}}
{{Bengal Renaissance}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mitra, Premendra}}
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali poets]]
[[Category:Bengali-language poets]]
[[Category:Bengali film directors]]
[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:1988 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian children's writers]]
[[Category:Bengali detective fiction writers]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Scottish Church College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Rabindra Puraskar]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Bengali]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education]]
[[Category:Writers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Writers from Varanasi]]
[[Category:Bengali-language science fiction writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Bengali male poets]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Poets from West Bengal]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Novelists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian science fiction writers]]

Premendra Mitra - Revision history

imported>Gotitbro: added Category:Indian science fiction writers using HotCat