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	== History ==		== History ==
	From 1991 to 1992, there were three issues published by a small group of individuals.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> The original magazine was created on an old Remington typewriter, late at night so no one would hear, and distributed through [[cyclostyle]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.facebook.com/humansofkolkata/posts/600934136753875:0\|title=Humans of Kolkata: "I've come out of the closet twice in my life about my sexuality…"\|last=Dhall\|first=Pawan\|date=May 3, 2016\|website=www.facebook.com\|language=en\|access-date=2018-11-18}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ydNjDwAAQBAJ&~~lpg~~=PT136\|title=Social Work Practice and Men Who Have Sex With Men\|last=Joseph\|first=Sherry\|date=2005-06-14\|publisher=SAGE Publishing India\|isbn=9789352800438\|pages=136\|language=en}}</ref>		From 1991 to 1992, there were three issues published by a small group of individuals.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> The original magazine was created on an old Remington typewriter, late at night so no one would hear, and distributed through [[cyclostyle]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.facebook.com/humansofkolkata/posts/600934136753875:0\|title=Humans of Kolkata: "I've come out of the closet twice in my life about my sexuality…"\|last=Dhall\|first=Pawan\|date=May 3, 2016\|website=www.facebook.com\|language=en\|access-date=2018-11-18}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ydNjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT136\|title=Social Work Practice and Men Who Have Sex With Men\|last=Joseph\|first=Sherry\|date=2005-06-14\|publisher=SAGE Publishing India\|isbn=9789352800438\|pages=136\|language=en}}</ref>

	It was rebooted in 1993 by [[Counsel Club]], a newly-formed support group for gender and sexual minorities.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/ttSRgCeGwSIWaC6Q7c4KdI/In-Kolkata-smashing-the-sex-barrier.html\|title=In Kolkata, smashing the sex barrier\|last=Bag\|first=Shamik\|date=2015-10-24\|work=Mint\|access-date=2018-11-18}}</ref> Counsel Club published another six issues between 1993 and 1996, and the magazine continued on until the final issue published in 2000, when it was a Bengali tabloid. The magazine was renamed ''Naya Pravartak'' in 1995, and that name was used until the publication ended in 2000.		It was rebooted in 1993 by [[Counsel Club]], a newly-formed support group for gender and sexual minorities.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/ttSRgCeGwSIWaC6Q7c4KdI/In-Kolkata-smashing-the-sex-barrier.html\|title=In Kolkata, smashing the sex barrier\|last=Bag\|first=Shamik\|date=2015-10-24\|work=Mint\|access-date=2018-11-18}}</ref> Counsel Club published another six issues between 1993 and 1996, and the magazine continued on until the final issue published in 2000, when it was a Bengali tabloid. The magazine was renamed ''Naya Pravartak'' in 1995, and that name was used until the publication ended in 2000.

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{{Short description|Early LGBT magazine published in India (1991-2000)}}{{italic title}}
{{Infobox magazine
| italic title = Pravartak
| category = LGBT
| founded = 1991
| finaldate = 2000
| country = [[India]]
| based = [[Kolkata]]
| language = [[English language|English]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
}}
'''''Pravartak''''' (later renamed '''''Naya Pravartak''''') was an early [[LGBT]] magazine published in [[Kolkata, India]], published from 1991 to 2000, in [[English language|English]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://homegrown.co.in/article/802223/the-secret-lgbtq-newsletter-from-90s-india-that-kickstarted-a-movement|title=The Secret LGBTQ Newsletter From '90's India That Kickstarted A Movement|website=Homegrown|language=en|access-date=2018-11-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://orinam.net/resources-for/lgbt/magazines-and-journals/|title=Magazines and Journals|work=orinam|access-date=2018-11-18|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://vartagensex.org/club.php|title=Counsel Club Archives|website=vartagensex.org|language=en|access-date=2018-11-18}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/opinion/no-more-silence/cid/1462210|title=No more silence|last=Das|first=Soumitra|date=September 20, 2017|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2018-11-18}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Banerjee|first=Ruben|date=May 15, 1996|title=Naya Pravartak becomes Calcutta's hottest-selling media for gay community|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/19960515-naya-pravartak-becomes-calcuttas-hottest-selling-media-for-gay-community-835099-1996-05-15|journal=[[India Today]]}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Dhall|first=Pawan|date=December 15, 2017|title=From anger to pride: Kolkata's evolution of embracing gay rights|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20171225-lgbt-gay-pride-parade-homosexuals-india-1106982-2017-12-15|journal=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

== History ==
From 1991 to 1992, there were three issues published by a small group of individuals.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> The original magazine was created on an old Remington typewriter, late at night so no one would hear, and distributed through [[cyclostyle]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/humansofkolkata/posts/600934136753875:0|title=Humans of Kolkata: "I've come out of the closet twice in my life about my sexuality…"|last=Dhall|first=Pawan|date=May 3, 2016|website=www.facebook.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-18}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ydNjDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PT136|title=Social Work Practice and Men Who Have Sex With Men|last=Joseph|first=Sherry|date=2005-06-14|publisher=SAGE Publishing India|isbn=9789352800438|pages=136|language=en}}</ref>

It was rebooted in 1993 by [[Counsel Club]], a newly-formed support group for gender and sexual minorities.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/ttSRgCeGwSIWaC6Q7c4KdI/In-Kolkata-smashing-the-sex-barrier.html|title=In Kolkata, smashing the sex barrier|last=Bag|first=Shamik|date=2015-10-24|work=Mint|access-date=2018-11-18}}</ref> Counsel Club published another six issues between 1993 and 1996, and the magazine continued on until the final issue published in 2000, when it was a Bengali tabloid. The magazine was renamed ''Naya Pravartak'' in 1995, and that name was used until the publication ended in 2000.

The magazine was distributed almost entirely through private circulation, via word of mouth among LGBTQ people, community institutions and events, and via the Counsel club meetings.<ref name=":1" /> A few copies were distributed through Classic Books and Seagull Bookstore in Kolkata, and People Tree in [[New Delhi]].<ref name=":1" />

== Contents and impact ==
Writer Soumitra Das described the magazine and its impact in ''[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]'':<ref name=":2" /><blockquote>It carried analytical articles, short stories, poetry, first person stories and interviews - whatever was happening in the LGBT world. Its content was in English and Bengali (occasionally in Hindi as well). Sexual health work and gender, as well as sexuality and diversity were its primary concerns. Counsel Club managed to bring together hundreds of people. One important discussion in ''Pravartak'' was on how Bengali literature reflected the LGBT world. In the pre-Internet era, Pravartak was like a connecting link for queer people spread across India and abroad.<ref name=":2" /></blockquote>According to ''[[India Today]], Naya Pravartak'' was Calcutta's "hottest-selling media offering to gays," which "offers advice on safer sex, fiction, poetry, gay conferences, the gay underground, and contacts."<ref name=":3" />

The ''Varta'' online magazine, established in 2013, was co-founded by one of the original publishers of ''Pravartak'', and has been described as being a continuation of Pravartak.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" />

==See more==
== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [http://vartagensex.org/club.php Archived copies of the first 9 issues of ''Pravartak'']
[[Category:Magazines established in 1991]]
[[Category:Magazines disestablished in 2000]]
[[Category:LGBT-related magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Defunct magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Mass media in Kolkata]]
[[Category:English-language magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Bengali-language magazines]]
{{LGBT-mag-stub}}

Pravartak - Revision history

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