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{{short description|Indian scientist and statistician (1893 –1972)}}
{{use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
| honorific-suffix = [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] [[Indian National Science Academy|FNA]] [[Indian Academy of Sciences|FASc]] [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]]
| image = Portrait of Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis.webp
| alt =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1893|06|29}}
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1972|06|28|1893|06|29}}
| death_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| fields = [[Mathematics]], [[statistics]]
| workplaces = [[University of Cambridge]] [[Indian Statistical Institute]]
| education = [[Presidency College, Kolkata|University of Calcutta]] ([[BSc]]) [[King's College, Cambridge]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<ref name="frs"/>
| doctoral_advisor = [[William Herrick Macaulay]]<ref name="mathgene">{{MathGenealogy|id=47966}}</ref>
| academic_advisors =
| doctoral_students = [[Samarendra Nath Roy|Samarendra Roy]]<ref name="mathgene"/>
| notable_students = [[Raj Chandra Bose]] [[C.R. Rao]]
| known_for = [[Mahalanobis distance]] [[Feldman–Mahalanobis model]]
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| awards = [[Padma Vibhushan]] (1968) Officer of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (OBE, 1942)<ref name="gazette"/> [[Fellow of the Royal Society]] (FRS)<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal | last1 = Rao | first1 = C. R. | author-link = C. R. Rao| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1973.0017 | doi-access = free| title = Prasantha Chandra Mahalanobis 1893-1972 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 19 | pages = 455–492 | year = 1973 | s2cid = 74582754 }}</ref> [[Weldon Memorial Prize]] (1944)
| signature = Signature of Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis.svg
| signature_alt =
| footnotes =
| spouse = Nirmal Kumari Mahalanobis<ref name="mactutor"/>
}}
'''Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis''' [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]], [[Indian National Science Academy|FNA]],<ref name="Mahalanobis_bio_INSA">{{Cite journal | last1 = Rao | first1 = C.R. | url =http://insaindia.res.in/BM/BM5_7901.pdf | title = Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis : 1893–1972 | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy| volume = 5 | pages = 1–24 | year = 1972 }}</ref> [[Indian Academy of Sciences|FASc]],<ref name="IAS_Fellows_deceased">{{cite web | url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Mahalanobis,__Prasanta_Chandra | title=Fellowship – Mahalanobis, Prasanta Chandra | publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences| access-date=18 February 2018}}</ref> [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]]<ref name="frs"/> (29 June 1893 – 28 June 1972) was an Indian scientist and statistician. He is best remembered for the [[Mahalanobis distance]], a statistical measure, and for being one of the members of the [[Planning Commission (India)|first Planning Commission of free India]]. He made pioneering studies in [[anthropometry]] in India. He founded the [[Indian Statistical Institute]], and contributed to the design of large-scale sample surveys.<ref name="frs"/><ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Hagger-Johnson | first1 = G. | chapter = Mahalanobis, Prasanta Chandra | doi = 10.1002/0470013192.bsa360 | title = Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-0470860809 }}</ref><ref name="mactutor">{{MacTutor Biography|id=Mahalanobis}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Ghosh | first1 = J. K. | last2 = Majumder | first2 = P. P. | doi = 10.1002/0470011815.b2a17090 | chapter = Mahalanobis, Prasanta Chandra | title = Encyclopedia of Biostatistics | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-0470849071 }}</ref> For his contributions, Mahalanobis has been considered the father of statistics in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/vp-naidu-pays-homage-to-mahalanobis-at-isi-anniv-vp-recalls-ancient-indian-statistics/articleshow/64800513.cms|title=VP Naidu pays homage to Mahalanobis at ISI|date=30 June 2018|work=The Times of India|access-date=2 July 2018}}</ref> Since 2007, June 29 is celebrated as '''National Statistics Day''' in India to commemorate the birth anniversary of P.C. Mahalanobis and his contributions to statistical science and planning.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 June 2024 |title="Statistics Day" will be celebrated on June 29, 2024 Theme: Use of Data for Decision-Making |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2029227 |access-date=3 June 2025 |agency=Press Information Bureau }}</ref>

==Early life==
[[File:P. C. Mahalanobis.jpg|thumb|left|Young Mahalanobis]]
Mahalanobis was born on 29 June 1893, in [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]] (now [[West Bengal]]).
Mahalanobis belonged to a prominent [[Bengali Brahmin]] family of landed gentry in [[Bikrampur]], [[Dhaka]], [[Bengal Presidency]] (now in [[Bangladesh]]).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/who-is/who-was-prasanta-chandra-mahalanobis-or-pcm-5238190/|title=Who was Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis or 'PCM'?|date=29 June 2018|publisher=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Idea of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IGVBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT93|page=93|author=Sunil Khilnani|year=2016| publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=9789351184546|quote=Born in 1893 of a Bengali Brahmin family, Mahalanobis took a First in mathematics and physics from King's College, Cambridge in 1915 and returned to Calcutta to teach physics.}}</ref> His grandfather Gurucharan (1833–1916) moved to Calcutta in 1854 and built up a business, starting a chemist shop in 1860. Gurucharan was influenced by [[Debendranath Tagore]] (1817–1905), father of the Nobel Prize-winning poet, [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. Gurucharan was actively involved in social movements such as the [[Brahmo Samaj]], acting as its treasurer and president. His house on 210 [[Bidhan Sarani|Cornwallis Street]] was the centre of the Brahmo Samaj. Gurucharan married a widow, an action against social traditions at that time.{{Citation needed|date= February 2022}}

Gurucharan's younger son, Prabodh Chandra (1869–1942), was the father of P. C. Mahalanobis. Born in the house at 210 Cornwallis Street, Mahalanobis grew up in a socially active family surrounded by intellectuals and reformers.<ref name="frs"/>

Mahalanobis received his early schooling at the [[Brahmo Boys School]] in Calcutta, graduating in 1908. He joined the Presidency College, then affiliated with the [[University of Calcutta]], where he was taught by teachers who included [[Jagadish Chandra Bose]], and [[Prafulla Chandra Ray]]. Others attending were [[Meghnad Saha]], a year junior, and [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], two years his junior at college.<ref>{{cite book|year=1995| title=Saha and his formula|publisher=Universities Press|place=Hyderabad|author=Venkataraman, G.|page=3|isbn=9788173710179}}</ref> Mahalanobis received a [[Bachelor of Science]] degree with honours in physics in 1912. He left for England in 1913 to join the [[University of London]].{{Citation needed|date= February 2022}}

After missing a train, he stayed with a friend at [[King's College, Cambridge]]. He was impressed by [[King's College Chapel, Cambridge|King's College Chapel]] and his host's friend M. A. Candeth suggested that he could try joining there, which he did. He did well in his studies at King's, but also took an interest in cross-country walking and punting on the river. He interacted with the mathematical genius [[Srinivasa Ramanujan]] during the latter's time at Cambridge.<ref name="Krish">{{cite web|last1=Krishnamurthy|first1=Prof. V.|title=Srinivasa Ramanujan – His life and his genius|url=http://www.krishnamurthys.com/profvk/VK2/Srinivasa_Ramanujan.html|website=www.Krishnamurthy.com|publisher=(Expository address delivered on Sep.16, 1987, at Visvesvarayya Auditorium as part of the celebrations of Ramanujan Centenary by the IISC, Bangalore)|access-date=7 September 2016}}</ref> After his [[Tripos]] in physics, Mahalanobis worked with [[C. T. R. Wilson]] at the [[Cavendish Laboratory]]. He took a short break and went to India, where he was introduced to the Principal of [[Presidency College, Kolkata|Presidency College]] and was invited to take classes in physics.<ref name="frs"/>

After returning to England, Mahalanobis was introduced to the journal ''[[Biometrika]].'' This interested him so much that he bought a complete set and took them to India. He discovered the utility of statistics to problems in [[meteorology]] and [[anthropology]], beginning to work on problems on his journey back to India.<ref name="frs"/>

In [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], Mahalanobis met Nirmal Kumari (Rani), daughter of Heramba Chandra Maitra, a leading educationist and member of the Brahmo Samaj. They married on 27 February 1923, although her father did not completely approve of the union. He was concerned about Mahalanobis's opposition to various clauses in the membership of the student wing of the Brahmo Samaj, including prohibitions against members' drinking alcohol and smoking. Sir [[Nilratan Sircar]], P. C. Mahalanobis' maternal uncle, took part in the wedding ceremony in place of the father of the bride.<ref name="frs"/>

==Indian Statistical Institute==
{{Main|Indian Statistical Institute}}
[[File:ISI Delhi Mahalanobis statue.JPG|thumb|right|Mahalanobis memorial at ISI Delhi]]
Many colleagues of Mahalanobis took an interest in [[statistics]]. An informal group developed in the Statistical Laboratory, which was located in his room at the Presidency College, Calcutta. On 17 December 1931 Mahalanobis called a meeting with Pramatha Nath Banerji (Minto Professor of Economics), Nikhil Ranjan Sen (Khaira Professor of Applied Mathematics) and Sir [[R. N. Mukherji]]. Together they established the [[Indian Statistical Institute]] (ISI) in [[Baranagar]], and formally registered on 28 April 1932 as a non-profit distributing learned society under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860.<ref name="frs"/>

The institute was initially in the Physics Department of the Presidency College; its expenditure in the first year was Rs. 238. It gradually grew with the pioneering work of a group of his colleagues, including S. S. Bose, J. M. Sengupta, [[R. C. Bose]], [[S. N. Roy]], K. R. Nair, [[R. R. Bahadur]], [[Gopinath Kallianpur]], D. B. Lahiri and [[C. R. Rao]]. The institute also gained major assistance through [[Pitambar Pant]], who was a secretary to Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]. Pant was trained in statistics at the Institute and took a keen interest in its affairs.<ref name="frs"/>

In 1933, the Institute founded the journal ''[[Sankhya (journal)|Sankhya]],'' along the lines of [[Karl Pearson]]'s ''Biometrika''.<ref name="frs"/>

The institute started a training section in 1938. Many of the early workers left the ISI for careers in the United States and with the government of India. Mahalanobis invited [[J. B. S. Haldane]] to join him at the ISI; Haldane joined as a Research Professor from August 1957, staying until February 1961. He resigned from the ISI due to frustrations with the administration and disagreements with Mahalanobis' policies. He was concerned with the frequent travels and absence of the director and complained that the "... journeyings of our Director define a novel random vector." Haldane helped the ISI develop in biometrics.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Dronamraju | first1 = K. R. | title = On Some Aspects of the Life and Work of John Burdon Sanderson Haldane, F.R.S., in India | doi = 10.1098/rsnr.1987.0006 | journal = Notes and Records of the Royal Society | volume = 41 | issue = 2 | pages = 211–237 | year = 1987 | pmid =11622022| doi-access = }}</ref>

In 1959, the institute was declared as an institute of national importance and a [[Deemed university]].<ref name="frs"/>

The methods pioneered at the institute are now used by the World Bank and the United Nations. As Nobel Prize-winning economist [[Angus Deaton]] and co-author Valerie Kozel wrote in 2005: "Where Mahalanobis and India led, the rest of the world has followed, so that today, most countries have a recent household income or expenditure survey. Most countries, can only envy India in its statistical capacity".

Economists TN Srinivasan, [[Rohini Somanathan]], Pranab Bardhan and another Nobel-winner [[Abhijit Banerjee]] have since argued that there is "no other instance of an entirely homegrown institution in a developing country becoming a world leader in a large field of general interest".<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-29 |title=National Sample Survey: How India taught the world the art of collecting data |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-61870699 |access-date=2022-06-30}}</ref>

==Contributions to statistics==

===Mahalanobis distance===
{{Main|Mahalanobis distance}}

Mahalanobis distance is one of the most widely used metrics to find how much a point diverges from a distribution, based on measurements in multiple dimensions. It is widely used in the field of cluster analysis and classification. It was first proposed by Mahalanobis in 1930 in context of his study on racial likeness.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/reso/004/06/0020-0026 |title=Mahalanobis Distance |last=McLachlan |first=G. J. |website=ias.ac.in}}</ref> From a chance meeting with [[Nelson Annandale]], then the director of the [[Zoological Survey of India]], at the 1920 Nagpur session of the Indian Science Congress led to Annandale asking him to analyse [[anthropometric]] measurements of Anglo-Indians in Calcutta. Mahalanobis had been influenced by the anthropometric studies published in the journal ''Biometrika'' and he chose to ask the questions on what factors influence the formation of European and Indian marriages. He wanted to examine if the Indian side came from any specific castes. He used the data collected by Annandale and the caste-specific measurements made by [[Herbert Hope Risley]] to come up with the conclusion that the sample represented a mix of Europeans mainly with people from Bengal and Punjab but not with those from the Northwest Frontier Provinces or from Chhota Nagpur. He also concluded that the intermixture more frequently involved the higher castes than the lower ones.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Dasgupta |first=Somesh |year=1993 |title=The evolution of the ''D''2-statistic of Mahalanobis |journal=Sankhya |volume=55 |pages=442–459 |url=http://sankhya.isical.ac.in/search/55a3/55a3040.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113031109/http://sankhya.isical.ac.in/search/55a3/55a3040.pdf |archive-date=13 November 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Analysis of race-mixture in Bengal |author=Mahalanobis, P. C. |year=1927 |journal=J. Proc. Asiatic Soc. Bengal |volume=23 |pages=301–333 |url=http://library.isical.ac.in/jspui/handle/10263/1622 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313103219/http://library.isical.ac.in/jspui/handle/10263/1622 |archive-date=13 March 2014}}</ref> This analysis was described by his first scientific article in 1922.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Anthropological observations on the Anglo-Indians of Calcutta. Part I. Analysis of male stature |journal=Records of the Indian Museum |volume=23 |pages=1–96 |author=Mahalanobis, P. C. |year=1922 |url=https://archive.org/stream/recordsofindianm23192indi#page/n7/mode/2up}}</ref> During the course of these studies he found a way of comparing and grouping populations using a multivariate distance measure. This measure, denoted "''D''2" and now [[eponymous]]ly named [[Mahalanobis distance]], is independent of measurement scale.<ref name="frs"/> Mahalanobis also took an interest in physical anthropology and in the accurate measurement of skull measurements for which he developed an instrument that he called the "profiloscope".<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/07341512.2015.1127459 |title=Profiling the profiloscope: Facialization of race technologies and the rise of biometric nationalism in inter-war British India |journal=History and Technology |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=376–396 |year=2016 |last1=Mukharji |first1=Projit Bihari |s2cid=146570565}}</ref>

===Sample survey===
His most important contributions are related to large-scale sample surveys. He introduced the concept of pilot surveys and advocated the usefulness of [[Sampling (statistics)|sampling]] methods. Early surveys began between 1937 and 1944 and included topics such as consumer expenditure, tea-drinking habits, public opinion, crop acreage and plant disease. [[Harold Hotelling]] wrote: "No technique of random sample has, so far as I can find, been developed in the United States or elsewhere, which can compare in accuracy with that described by Professor Mahalanobis" and Sir [[Ronald Aylmer Fisher|R. A. Fisher]] commented that "The ISI has taken the lead in the original development of the technique of sample surveys, the most potent fact-finding process available to the administration".<ref name="frs"/>

He introduced a method for estimating crop yields which involved statisticians sampling in the fields by cutting crops in a circle of diameter 4 feet. Others such as [[P.V.Sukhatme|P. V. Sukhatme]] and V. G. Panse who began to work on crop surveys with the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] and the [[Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute]] suggested that a survey system should make use of the existing administrative framework. The differences in opinion led to acrimony and there was little interaction between Mahalanobis and agricultural research in later years.<ref>Rao, J. N. K. (2006) Interplay Between Sample Survey Theory and Practice: An Appraisal. Survey Methodology Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 117–138. Statistics Canada, Catalogue No. 12-001 [http://www.statcan.ca/english/ads/12-001-XIE/12-001-XIE20050029040.pdf PDF] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070331150401/http://www.statcan.ca/english/ads/12-001-XIE/12-001-XIE20050029040.pdf |date=31 March 2007 }}</ref><ref>Adhikari, B. P. (1990). "Social construction of the statistical estimation of crop yield". Paper presented at the XII World Congress of Sociology of the International Sociological Association, Madrid, Spain.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Evolution of Statistics in India|last=Ghosh|first=J. K.|author2=P. Maiti |author3=T. J. Rao |author4= B. K. Sinha |journal=Revue Internationale de Statistique|volume=67|issue=1|year=1999|pages=13–34|doi=10.2307/1403563|jstor=1403563}}</ref>

==Later life==
In later life, Mahalanobis was a member of the planning commission contributed prominently to newly independent India's five-year plans starting from the second. In the second five-year plan he emphasized [[industrialization]] on the basis of a two-sector model.<ref name="frs"/> His variant of [[Wassily Leontief]]'s [[Input-output model]], the [[Mahalanobis model]], was employed in the [[Five-year plans of India#Second plan (1956-1961)|Second Five Year Plan]], which worked towards the rapid industrialisation of India and with other colleagues at his institute, he played a key role in the development of a statistical infrastructure. He encouraged a project to assess deindustrialization in India and correct some previous census methodology errors and entrusted this project to [[Daniel Thorner]].<ref name=Das>Das, Gurucharan. (2000) ''India Unbound: The Social and Economic Revolution from Independence to the Global Information Age''. Anchor Books. p. 432 {{ISBN|0-375-41164-X}}</ref>

In the 1950s, Mahalanobis played a critical role in the campaign to bring India its first digital computers.<ref name="Nikhil Menon, Modern Asian Studies">{{cite journal|doi=10.1017/S0026749X16000135|title='Fancy Calculating Machine': Computers and planning in independent India|journal=Modern Asian Studies|volume=52|issue=2|pages=421–457|year=2017|last1=Menon|first1=Nikhil|s2cid=148820998 }}</ref>

Mahalanobis also had an abiding interest in cultural pursuits and served as secretary to [[Rabindranath Tagore]] (about whom he would write in the ''Journal of the Oriental Society of Australia''), particularly during the latter's foreign travels, and also worked at his [[Visva-Bharati University]], for some time. He received India's second highest civilian award, the [[Padma Vibhushan]] from the [[Government of India]] for his contribution to science and services to the country.

Mahalanobis died on 28 June 1972, a day before his seventy-ninth birthday. Even at this age, he was still active doing research work and discharging his duties as the secretary and director of the [[Indian Statistical Institute]] and as the honorary statistical advisor to the Cabinet of the Government of India.{{Citation needed|date= February 2022}}

==Honours==
[[File:PC Mahalanobis 1993 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Mahalanobis on a 1993 stamp of India]]
* Fellow of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] (FASc, 1935)
* Fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]] (FNA, 1935)
* Officer of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (Civil Division), [[1942 New Year Honours]] list<ref name="gazette">{{London Gazette |issue=35399 |date=30 December 1941 |page=24 |supp=y |nolink=y}}</ref>
* [[Weldon Memorial Prize]] from the [[University of Oxford]] (1944)
* Fellow of the [[Royal Society]], London (1945)<ref name="frs"/><ref name="royal">[http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqSearch=RefNo=='EC/1945/14'&dsqDb=Catalog Royal Society citation]</ref>
* President of [[Indian Science Congress]] (1950)
* Fellow of the [[Econometric Society]], US (1951)
* Fellow of the [[Pakistan Statistical Society|Pakistan Statistical Association]] (1952)
* Honorary Fellow of the [[Royal Statistical Society]], UK (1954)
* Sir Deviprasad Sarvadhikari Gold Medal (1957)
* Foreign member of the [[Academy of Sciences of the USSR]] (1958)
* Honorary Fellow of [[King's College, Cambridge]] (1959)
* Fellow of the [[American Statistical Association]] (1961)
* Durgaprasad Khaitan Gold Medal (1961)
* Desikottam by Visva Bharati University (1961)
* [[Padma Vibhushan]] (1968)
* Srinivasa Ramanujan Gold Medal (1968)

The government of India decided in 2006 to celebrate Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis's birthday, 29 June, every year as "[[World Statistics Day|National Statistics Day]]" of [[India]].<ref>[http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=22&id=168695&usrsess=1 The Statesman 25 December 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314150007/http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=22&id=168695&usrsess=1 |date=14 March 2008 }}</ref><ref>Mohan, Rakesh 2007 Statistical system of India – some reflections. Reserve Bank of India, Department of Statistical Analysis and Computer Services, Mumbai, 29 June 2007. [http://www.bis.org/review/r070705e.pdf PDF]</ref>

On the occasion of his 125th birth anniversary on 29 June 2018, [[Vice President of India|Indian Vice-President]] [[Venkaiah Naidu|M Venkaiah Naidu]] released a commemorative coin at a programme at ISI, Kolkata.<ref name=":0" />

==See also==
*[[List of Indian mathematicians]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|author=Ashok Rudra|title=Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis: A Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GrzrAAAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-563679-6}}
* {{cite book|author=David Engerman|title=The Price of Aid: The Economic Cold War in India|year=2018|publisher=Harvard University Press}}
* {{cite book|author=A. Mahalanobis|title=Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yx0sAAAAIAAJ|year=1983|publisher=National Book Trust, India}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Sister project links| wikt=no | commons=Category:Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=no | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=q561478}}
* [https://www.britannica.com/biography/P-C-Mahalanobis P.C. Mahalanobis] at the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080725021053/http://www.isibang.ac.in/pcm.htm Biography from ISI Bangalore Website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090305115527/http://ir.isical.ac.in/dspace/handle/1/1173 ISI publication archives]

{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahalanobis, Prasanta Chandra}}
[[Category:1893 births]]
[[Category:1972 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of King's College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Bengali scientists]]
[[Category:Brahmos]]
[[Category:Indian development economists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Statistical Association]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Econometric Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Foreign members of the USSR Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian economists]]
[[Category:Indian institute directors]]
[[Category:People from Bikrampur]]
[[Category:Scientists from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Presidency University, Kolkata alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Presidency University, Kolkata]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in literature & education]]
[[Category:People associated with Santiniketan]]
[[Category:Principals of Presidency University, Kolkata]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Calcutta]]
[[Category:Members of the Planning Commission of India]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Mathematical statisticians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian statisticians]]

Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis - Revision history

Pt.debotosh dey: Made Some Entry Added Tags