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	\| name = Prakaram		\| name = Prakaram
	\| subheader = <!--Name of text in original language-->		\| subheader = <!--Name of text in original language-->
	\| image = ~~Thiruparaithurai (20)~~.jpg		\| image = 3rd Corridor, Ramnath Swamy Temple, Rameswarm.jpg
	\| background = #FFC569		\| background = #FFC569
	\| alt = <!-- alt-text here for accessibility; see [[MOS:ACCESS]] -->		\| alt = <!-- alt-text here for accessibility; see [[MOS:ACCESS]] -->
	\| caption = ~~Image~~ of Prakaram ~~in [[Thirupparaithurai]]~~		\| caption = Prakaram of Ramanathaswamy temple, the temple with the largest Prakaram
	\| religion =		\| religion =
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	\|orig_lang_code = <!--Language code drawn from [[List of ISO 639-1 codes]], required to have native_wikisource work--!>		\|orig_lang_code = <!--Language code drawn from [[List of ISO 639-1 codes]], required to have native_wikisource work-->
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	A '''prakaram''' (प्राकारः in [[Sanskrit]]), also spelled '''pragaram''' or '''pragaaram''') in [[Indian architecture]] is an outer part around the [[Hindu temple]] sanctum. They may be enclosed or open and are typically enclosed for the innermost prakaram.		A '''prakaram''' (प्राकारः in [[Sanskrit]]), also spelled '''pragaram''' or '''pragaaram''') in [[Indian architecture]] is an outer part around the [[Hindu temple]] sanctum. They may be enclosed or open and are typically enclosed for the innermost prakaram. As per Hindu religious practices, devotees start to come around the outer prakarams to the inner most before entering the sanctum.

			Most of the historic South Indian cities like [[Madurai]], [[Srirangam]], [[Sirkali]], [[Thiruvarur]] and [[Chidambaram]] were built around large temples in the center of the city. The streets of the city act as extension of the prakarams of the temple. [[Ramanathaswamy Temple]] has outer set of corridors is reputed to be the longest prakaram in the world.

	==Temple architecture==		==Temple architecture==
			[[Image:Thiruparaithurai (20).jpg\|250px\|thumb\|Image of Prakaram in [[Thirupparaithurai]]]]
	In the [[Hindu temple]], the prakaram is the temple compound around the sanctum. Typically a Hindu temple<ref>{{cite book		In the [[Hindu temple]], the prakaram is the temple compound around the sanctum. Typically a Hindu temple<ref>{{cite book
	\| first=Francis D.K.		\| first=Francis D.K.
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	\|title=Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent - Glossary		\|title=Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent - Glossary
	\|access-date=2007-01-08		\|access-date=2007-01-08
	}}</ref>		}}</ref> Usually large Hindu temples have one or more prakarams.<ref>{{cite web
	~~[[Image:Brihadeshwara temple complex.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|Prakaram of [[Brihadeeswarar Temple]] with Sanctum on the right]]~~
	Usually large Hindu temples have one or more prakarams.<ref>{{cite web
	\|url = http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/india/glossary1.html		\|url = http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/india/glossary1.html
	\|title = Glossary of Indian Art		\|title = Glossary of Indian Art
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	\|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100101092351/http://art-and-archaeology.com/india/glossary1.html		\|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100101092351/http://art-and-archaeology.com/india/glossary1.html
	\|archive-date = 2010-01-01		\|archive-date = 2010-01-01
	}}</ref>		}}</ref> The Prakaram acts as circumambulatory passage to the devotees to come around the sanctum. Based on the size of the temple, there can be more than one Prakaram with the smaller one enclosed within the larger.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Beyond The Gopurams: A Woman's Spiritual Journey Through South India\|page=622\|first=Priti \|last=Aisola\|publisher=SCB Distributors\|year=2014\|isbn=9788183283687}}</ref> As per Hindu religious practices, devotees start to come around the outer prakarams to the inner most before entering the sanctum. This is indicative of the belief that the devotees have to lose the outermost bondage to the inner most one before attaining divinity. The method is also indicative of reduction of noises in the outer space to the inner most to increase communiion with god.<ref>{{cite book\|title=மன அமைதிக்கு உதவும் ஆன்மிகம்\|publisher=Bharathi Puthakalayam\|last=Selvaraj\|first=Dr. Kamala\|isbn=81-8201-043-8\|page=7}}</ref> [[Ramanathaswamy Temple]] has outer set of corridors is reputed to be the longest in the world, measuring about 6.9 m in height, 400 feet each in the east and west and about 640 feet in the north and the south. The inner corridors are about 224 feet each in the east and the west and about 352 feet each in the north and the south.<ref>{{cite book \| last=T. \| first=Ramamurthy \| year=2007 \| title=Engineering in Rocks For Slopes Foundations And Tunnels
			\| place=Delhi \| publisher= PHI Learning Private Limited \| edition=2bd \| isbn=978-81-203-3275-1 \|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Ls1MSleftQ8C&q=rameshwaram+temple&pg=PA28 \|ref=T.\|page=28}}</ref>

			==Religious significance==
			The Hindu temple structure resembles the human body with all its subtleties.<ref>{{cite book \|last=Rao\|first=Saligrama Krishna Ramachandra \|author2=Rama R. Rao \|author3=Kalpatharu Research Academy \|title=Āgama-kosha\|year=1989\|publisher=Kalpatharu Research Academy}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|last=Subramuniyaswami \|first=Satguru Sivaya \|title=Dancing with Siva: Hinduism's Contemporary Catechism \|year=2002\|publisher=Himalayan Academy \|location=India \|isbn=0-945497-89-X\|ref=Subramuniyaswami\|page=810}}</ref> The five walls encircling one another are the ''koshas'' (sheaths) of human existence.<ref name="Chakrabarti">{{cite book \|title= Indian architectural theory: contemporary uses of Vastu Vidya\|last= Chakrabarti\|first=Vibhuti \|year= 1998\|publisher=Curzon Press\|location=Surrey \|isbn=0-7007-1113-9\|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Oo-dCM_pp7wC&q=kosha+architecture&pg=PA36\|orig-year = 1998\| page=36}}</ref> The outermost is the ''[[Kosha#Kosha\|Annamaya kosha]]'', symbolizing the material body. The second is ''[[Pranamaya\|Pranamaya kosha]]'', symbolizing the sheath of vital force or ''[[prana]]'' (breath). The third is ''[[Kosha#Manomaya kosha\|Manomaya kosha]]'', symbolizing the sheath of the thoughts, the ''mana''. The fourth is the ''[[Vijnanamaya\|Vijnanamaya kosha]]'', symbolizing, the sheath of the intellect. The fifth and innermost is the ''[[Anandamaya\|Anandamaya kosha]]'', symbolizing the sheath of bliss.<ref name="Chakrabarti"/>

			==Temple cities==
			Most of the historic South Indian cities like [[Madurai]], [[Srirangam]], [[Sirkali]], [[Thiruvarur]] and [[Chidambaram]] were built around large temples in the center of the city. The streets of the city act as extension of the prakarams of the temple. These squares retain their traditional names of Aadi, Chittirai, Avani-moola and Masi streets, corresponding to the Tamil month names and also to the festivals associated.<ref name=King72/> The temple prakarams and streets accommodate an elaborate festival calendar in which dramatic processions circumambulate the shrines at varying distances from the centre. The temple chariots used in processions are progressively larger in size based on the size of the concentric streets.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Selby \|first1=Martha Ann \|first2=Indira Viswanathan\|last2= Peterson \|title=Tamil geographies: cultural constructions of space and place in South India \|year=2008 \|publisher=State University of New York Press \|location=New York \|isbn=978-0-7914-7245-3\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B0_lLAechPcC\|page=149}}</ref> Ancient Tamil classics record the temple as the centre of the city and the surrounding streets.<ref>{{cite book\|last2=Bardwell\|first2= Smith\|first1= Holly Baker\|last1= Reynolds\|title=The city as a sacred center: essays on six Asian contexts: Annual meetings\|publisher=BRILL\|isbn=978-90-04-08471-1\|year=1987\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OsAfAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA18\|page=18}}</ref> The city's axes were aligned with the four-quarters of the compass, and the four gateways of the temple provided access to it. The wealthy and higher echelons of the society were placed in streets close to the temple, while the poorest were placed in the fringe streets.<ref name=King72>{{cite book \|last=King \|first=Anthony D. \|title=Buildings and Society: Essays on the Social Development of the Built Environment\|year=2005 \|publisher=Taylor & Francis e-library \|isbn=978-0-203-48075-5\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1HtVU6D2LOUC}}</ref>

	==Notes==		==Notes==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist\|20em}}

	[[Category:Hindu temple architecture]]		[[Category:Hindu temple architecture]]


	~~{{hindu-temple-stub}}~~

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2021-10-22T11:25:57Z

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{{Infobox religious text
| name = Prakaram
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| image = Thiruparaithurai (20).jpg
| background = #FFC569
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| caption = Image of Prakaram in [[Thirupparaithurai]]
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| sutras = 
| verses = 
| native_wikisource = 
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}}
A '''prakaram''' (प्राकारः in [[Sanskrit]]), also spelled '''pragaram''' or '''pragaaram''') in [[Indian architecture]] is an outer part around the [[Hindu temple]] sanctum. They may be enclosed or open and are typically enclosed for the innermost prakaram.

==Temple architecture==
In the [[Hindu temple]], the prakaram is the temple compound around the sanctum. Typically a Hindu temple<ref>{{cite book
| first=Francis D.K.
| last= Ching
| year= 1995
| title= A Visual Dictionary of Architecture
| publisher=John Wiley and Sons
| location=New York
| isbn= 0-471-28451-3
| page= 253}}</ref> prayer hall is generally built in front of the temple's [[sanctum sanctorum]] ([[garbhagriha]]).<ref name="glossary">{{cite web
|url=http://www.indoarch.org/arch_glossary.php
|title=Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent - Glossary
|access-date=2007-01-08
}}</ref>
[[Image:Brihadeshwara temple complex.jpg|200px|thumb|Prakaram of [[Brihadeeswarar Temple]] with Sanctum on the right]]
Usually large Hindu temples have one or more prakarams.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/india/glossary1.html
|title = Glossary of Indian Art
|publisher = art-and-archaeology.com
|access-date = 2007-01-08
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100101092351/http://art-and-archaeology.com/india/glossary1.html
|archive-date = 2010-01-01
}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Hindu temple architecture]]

{{hindu-temple-stub}}

Prakaram - Revision history

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