Prafulla Chaki - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 10:37, 23 December 2022
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	{{Short description\|Indian freedom fighter (~~1888-1908~~)}}		{{Short description\|Indian freedom fighter (1888–1908)}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=September ~~2016~~}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=September 2022}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=September ~~2020~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2022}}
	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| name = Prafulla Chaki		\| name = Prafulla Chaki
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	\| known_for = Role in Indian freedom struggle		\| known_for = Role in Indian freedom struggle
	\| movement = [[Indian independence movement]]		\| movement = [[Indian independence movement]]
			\| organization =[[Jugantar]]
	}}		}}

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	'''Prafulla Chandra Chaki''' {{IPAc-en\|audio=Prafulla chaki.ogg}} ({{lang-bn\|প্রফুল্ল চাকী}}, ''Prafulla Chaki'' alias Dinesh Chandra Roy) (10 December 1888 – 1 May 1908) was an Indian revolutionary associated with the [[Jugantar]] group of revolutionaries who carried out assassinations against [[British Raj\|British colonial]] officials in an attempt to secure [[Indian independence movement\|Indian independence]].		'''Prafulla Chandra Chaki''' {{IPAc-en\|audio=Prafulla chaki.ogg}} ({{lang-bn\|প্রফুল্ল চাকী}}, ''Prafulla Chaki'' alias Dinesh Chandra Roy) (10 December 1888 – 1 May 1908) was an Indian revolutionary associated with the [[Jugantar]] group of revolutionaries who carried out assassinations against [[British Raj\|British colonial]] officials in an attempt to secure [[Indian independence movement\|Indian independence]].

	Prafulla and [[Khudiram Bose]] tried to assassinate the district judge, Mr. Kingsford, by throwing bombs at the carriage in which Kingsford was supposed to travel, but he was not in the carriage, and two British women were killed. Prafulla committed suicide when he was about to be arrested by the Police. Khudiram was arrested and tried for the murder of the two women and sentenced to death.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1765978/ \| title=Calcutta High Court Khudiram Bose vs Emperor on 13 July, 1908 \| publisher=Indian Kanoon \| access-date=5 June ~~2018~~}}</ref><ref name="Guha1971p131">{{cite book \|author=Arun Chandra Guha \|year=1971 \|title=First spark of revolution: the early phase of India's struggle for independence, 1900-1920 \|publisher=Orient Longman \|page=131 \|oclc=254043308 \|quote=Khudiram was suspected and arrested there [at Waini station] ... Khudiram was tried ... was sentenced to death and hanged in the Muzaffarpur jail ... on 19 August 1908.}}</ref> [[Mahatma Gandhi]] denounced the violence and regretted the deaths of two women. He stated "that the Indian people will not win their freedom through these methods".<ref name="Shankar1996">{{cite book\|author=Rama Hari Shankar\|title=Gandhi's encounter with the Indian revolutionaries\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F0duAAAAMAAJ\|year=1996\|publisher=Siddharth Publications\|isbn=978-81-7220-079-4\|page=48}}</ref><ref name="Jhunjhunwala2015">{{cite book\|author=Lakshiminiwas Jhunjhunwala\|title=Panorama\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NmtsCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA149\|year=2015\|publisher=Ocean Books Pvt. Limited\|isbn=978-81-8430-312-4\|page=149}}</ref><ref name="(Mahatma)1962">{{cite book\|author=Mahatma Gandhi\|author-link=Mahatma Gandhi\|title=Collected works\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tz9uAAAAMAAJ\|year=1962\|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India\|page=223}}</ref><ref name="DasMishra1978">{{cite book\|author1=Bhaskar Chandra Das\|author2=G. P. Mishra\|title=Gandhi in to-day's India\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EnceAAAAMAAJ\|year=1978\|publisher=Ashish\|page=51\|isbn=9788170240464\|oclc=461855455}}</ref> However, [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] in his newspaper ''[[Kesari (newspaper)\|Kesari]]'', defended the two young men and called for immediate ''swaraj.'' This was followed by the immediate arrest of Tilak by the British colonial government on charges of sedition.<ref>{{Cite news \|title=The story of our independence: Six years of jail for Tilak \|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/the-story-of-our-independence-six-years-of-jail-for-tilak/story-vC1VtfmXEj4WfMPC2qiR5J.html \|date=2015-08-08 \|work=Hindustan Times \|access-date=2018-08-11}}</ref>		Prafulla and [[Khudiram Bose]] tried to assassinate the district judge, Mr. Douglas Kingsford, by throwing bombs at the carriage in which Kingsford was supposed to travel, but he was not in the carriage, and two British women were killed. Prafulla committed suicide when he was about to be arrested by the Police. Khudiram was arrested and tried for the murder of the two women and sentenced to death.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1765978/ \| title=Calcutta High Court Khudiram Bose vs Emperor on 13 July, 1908 \| publisher=Indian Kanoon \| access-date=5 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="Guha1971p131">{{cite book \|author=Arun Chandra Guha \|year=1971 \|title=First spark of revolution: the early phase of India's struggle for independence, 1900-1920 \|publisher=Orient Longman \|page=131 \|oclc=254043308 \|quote=Khudiram was suspected and arrested there [at Waini station] ... Khudiram was tried ... was sentenced to death and hanged in the Muzaffarpur jail ... on 19 August 1908.}}</ref> [[Mahatma Gandhi]] denounced the violence and regretted the deaths of two women. He stated "that the Indian people will not win their freedom through these methods".<ref name="Shankar1996">{{cite book\|author=Rama Hari Shankar\|title=Gandhi's encounter with the Indian revolutionaries\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F0duAAAAMAAJ\|year=1996\|publisher=Siddharth Publications\|isbn=978-81-7220-079-4\|page=48}}</ref><ref name="Jhunjhunwala2015">{{cite book\|author=Lakshiminiwas Jhunjhunwala\|title=Panorama\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NmtsCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA149\|year=2015\|publisher=Ocean Books Pvt. Limited\|isbn=978-81-8430-312-4\|page=149}}</ref><ref name="(Mahatma)1962">{{cite book\|author=Mahatma Gandhi\|author-link=Mahatma Gandhi\|title=Collected works\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tz9uAAAAMAAJ\|year=1962\|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India\|page=223}}</ref><ref name="DasMishra1978">{{cite book\|author1=Bhaskar Chandra Das\|author2=G. P. Mishra\|title=Gandhi in to-day's India\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EnceAAAAMAAJ\|year=1978\|publisher=Ashish\|page=51\|isbn=9788170240464\|oclc=461855455}}</ref> However, [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] in his newspaper ''[[Kesari (newspaper)\|Kesari]]'', defended the two young men and called for immediate ''swaraj.'' This was followed by the immediate arrest of Tilak by the British colonial government on charges of sedition.<ref>{{Cite news \|title=The story of our independence: Six years of jail for Tilak \|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/the-story-of-our-independence-six-years-of-jail-for-tilak/story-vC1VtfmXEj4WfMPC2qiR5J.html \|date=2015-08-08 \|work=Hindustan Times \|access-date=2018-08-11}}</ref>

	== Early life ==		== Early life ==
	Prafulla Chandra Chaki was born in a well to do Jotdar family on 10 December 1888 in Bihar, a village in [[Bogra District\|Bogra district]] of current day [[Bangladesh]], then a part of [[Bengal Presidency]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chaki,_Prafulla\|title=Chaki, Prafulla\|website=Banglapedia\|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> His father's name was Rajnarayan Chaki and mother's name was Swarnomoyee Devi. Rajnarayan's ancestor Prankrishna Chaki (his grandfather) was a residents of Chanchakia, Pabna, Their original surname was Bosu but people living in Chanchakia were also called Chaki. He was the fifth child in his family. Rajnarayan was an employee in the Nagar estate. He started his education at Namuja Janada Prasad English School, an English medium school in Bogra. After completing his primary education he came to Rangpur with his elder brother Pratap Chandra Chaki whose father-in-law was a reputed person in Rangpur. He was expelled from [[Rangpur Zilla School]] in Class 9 for taking part in a students' demonstration that violated East Bengal law. He then joined Rangpur National School where he came in contact with revolutionaries and became a believer and practitioner of revolutionary philosophies.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.istampgallery.com/prafulla-chandra-chaki/\|title=Prafulla Chandra Chaki\|website=istampgallery.com\|date=5 December 2014\|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> He loved horse riding and swimming. As an athlete, he was a renowned wrestler, lathikhalowar (stick-fighter).{{citation needed\|date=August ~~2020~~}}		Prafulla Chandra Chaki was born in a well to do Jotdar family on 10 December 1888 in Bihar, a village in [[Bogra District\|Bogra district]] of current day [[Bangladesh]], then a part of [[Bengal Presidency]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chaki,_Prafulla\|title=Chaki, Prafulla\|website=Banglapedia\|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> His father's name was Rajnarayan Chaki and mother's name was Swarnomoyee Devi. Rajnarayan's ancestor Prankrishna Chaki (his grandfather) was a residents of Chanchakia, Pabna, Their original surname was Bosu but people living in Chanchakia were also called Chaki. He was the fifth child in his family. Rajnarayan was an employee in the Nagar estate. He started his education at Namuja Janada Prasad English School, an English medium school in Bogra. After completing his primary education he came to Rangpur with his elder brother Pratap Chandra Chaki whose father-in-law was a reputed person in Rangpur. He was expelled from [[Rangpur Zilla School]] in Class 9 for taking part in a students' demonstration that violated East Bengal law. He then joined Rangpur National School where he came in contact with revolutionaries and became a believer and practitioner of revolutionary philosophies.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.istampgallery.com/prafulla-chandra-chaki/\|title=Prafulla Chandra Chaki\|website=istampgallery.com\|date=5 December 2014\|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> He loved horse riding and swimming. As an athlete, he was a renowned wrestler, lathikhalowar (stick-fighter).{{citation needed\|date=August 2022}}

	== Revolutionary activities ==		== Revolutionary activities ==
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	== The Muzaffarpur killing ==<!-- This section is linked from [[Indian independence movement]] -->		== The Muzaffarpur killing ==<!-- This section is linked from [[Indian independence movement]] -->
	Khudiram and Prafulla watched the usual movements of Kingsford and prepared a plan to kill him. On the evening of 30 April 1908, the duo was waiting in front of the gate of European Club for Kingsford's carriage to arrive. When a vehicle came out of the gate, a bomb was thrown into the carriage. There was a mistake towards identification by them, as the vehicle was ~~not~~ carrying ~~Kingsford, but~~ wife ~~and daughter~~ of ~~Mr Pringle Kennedy,~~ a ~~leading pleader at Muzaffarpur Bar~~. ~~The daughter died soon after~~ and ~~his wife succumbed to her injuries~~.<ref name="Chaturvedi2007"/> ~~The revolutionaries fled.~~		Khudiram and Prafulla watched the usual movements of Kingsford and prepared a plan to kill him. On the evening of 30 April 1908, the duo was waiting in front of the gate of European Club for Kingsford's carriage to arrive. When a vehicle came out of the gate, a bomb was thrown into the carriage. There was a mistake towards identification by them, as the vehicle was carrying the daughter and the wife of a local congressman. Both were killed by the bomb, and the revolutionaries fled.<ref name="Chaturvedi2007"/>

	== The manhunt and suicide ==		== The manhunt and suicide ==
	Prafulla and Khudiram took separate routes to escape. Prafulla reached Samastipur where he was provided shelter by a railway staff member, Triguna Charan Ghosh. Ghosh also provided him with an inter-class ticket for boarding the night train due for [[Mokama]].<ref name="Chaturvedi2007"/> Nandalal Banerjee, a police officer travelling in the same compartment grew suspicious of Prafulla and attempted to arrest him on the Mokama railway station platform. But Prafulla committed suicide by shooting himself using his own revolver.<ref>{{cite book \|author=Arun Chandra Guha \|year=1971 \|title=First spark of revolution: the early phase of India's struggle for independence, 1900-1920 \|publisher=Orient Longman \|page=131 \|oclc=254043308 \|quote=A Bengali police officer, Nandalal Banerji was also travelling in the same compartment ... Nandalal suspected Prafulla and tried to arrest him. But Prafulla was quite alert; he put his revolver under his own chin and pulled the trigger ... This happened on the Mokama station platform on 2nd May, 1908.}}</ref> His head was severed from his body and sent to Kolkata to be identified by Khudiram who unfortunately got captured.<ref name="Chaturvedi2007"/>		Prafulla and Khudiram took separate routes to escape.<ref name="Chaturvedi2007"/> Nandalal Banerjee, a police officer travelling in the same compartment grew suspicious of Prafulla and attempted to arrest him on the Mokama railway station platform. But Prafulla committed suicide by shooting himself using his own revolver.<ref>{{cite book \|author=Arun Chandra Guha \|year=1971 \|title=First spark of revolution: the early phase of India's struggle for independence, 1900-1920 \|publisher=Orient Longman \|page=131 \|oclc=254043308 \|quote=A Bengali police officer, Nandalal Banerji was also travelling in the same compartment ... Nandalal suspected Prafulla and tried to arrest him. But Prafulla was quite alert; he put his revolver under his own chin and pulled the trigger ... This happened on the Mokama station platform on 2nd May, 1908.}}</ref> His head was severed from his body and sent to Kolkata to be identified by Khudiram who unfortunately got captured.<ref name="Chaturvedi2007"/>
	[[File:Martyr_Prafulla_Chaki,_Samadhi_ceremony_(front).jpg\|thumb\|Martyr Prafulla Chaki, Samadhi ceremony (front)]]		[[File:Martyr_Prafulla_Chaki,_Samadhi_ceremony_(front).jpg\|thumb\|Martyr Prafulla Chaki, Samadhi ceremony (front)]]
	[[File:Martyr_Prafulla_Chaki,_Samadhi_ceremony_(leftside).jpg\|thumb\|Martyr Prafulla Chaki, Samadhi ceremony (leftside)]]		[[File:Martyr_Prafulla_Chaki,_Samadhi_ceremony_(leftside).jpg\|thumb\|Martyr Prafulla Chaki, Samadhi ceremony (leftside)]]
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	[[Category:Revolutionaries of Bengal during British Rule]]		[[Category:Revolutionaries of Bengal during British Rule]]
	[[Category:Anti-British establishment revolutionaries from East Bengal]]		[[Category:Anti-British establishment revolutionaries from East Bengal]]
	~~[[Category:Bengali people]]~~
	[[Category:1888 births]]		[[Category:1888 births]]
	[[Category:1908 deaths]]		[[Category:1908 deaths]]
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	[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]		[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
	[[Category:Suicides by firearm in India]]		[[Category:Suicides by firearm in India]]
			[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
	[[Category:People from Bogra District]]		[[Category:People from Bogra District]]
	[[Category:1908 suicides]]		[[Category:1908 suicides]]

->Chris the speller: punct, cap

2021-10-31T05:21:53Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 10:51, 31 October 2021
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			{{Short description\|Indian freedom fighter (1888-1908)}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=September 2016}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=September 2016}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2020}}
	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| name = [[Prafulla~~]] [[~~Chaki]]		\| name = Prafulla Chaki
	\| native_name = প্রফুল্ল চাকী		\| native_name = প্রফুল্ল চাকী
	\| native_name_lang = bn		\| native_name_lang = bn
	\| image = Prafulla Chaki.jpg		\| image = Prafulla Chandra Chaki.jpg
	\| caption = ~~Prafulla Chaki alias Dinesh Chandra Roy~~		\| caption =
	\| birth_date = {{birth date\|df=yes\|1888\|12\|10}}		\| birth_date = {{birth date\|df=yes\|1888\|12\|10}}
	\| birth_place = [[Bogra District\|Bogra district]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (~~presently~~ in [[Bangladesh]])		\| birth_place = [[Bogra District\|Bogra district]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (now in Bangladesh)
	\| death_date = {{death date and age\|df=yes\|1908\|05\|01\|1888\|12\|10}}		\| death_date = {{death date and age\|df=yes\|1908\|05\|01\|1888\|12\|10}}
	\| death_place = Mokama Ghat Railway Station, ~~Dist.~~ Patna, Bihar, [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]		\| death_place = Mokama Ghat Railway Station, [[Patna, Bihar]], Bengal Presidency, British India
	~~\| nationality = [[Indian people\|Indian]]~~		\| occupation = [[Freedom fighters of India]]
	\| occupation = [[Freedom fighters of India]]		\| known_for = Role in Indian freedom struggle
	\| known_for = Role in Indian freedom struggle		\| movement = [[Indian independence movement]]
	\| movement = [[Indian independence movement]]
	}}		}}

	{{Anushilan Samiti}}		{{Anushilan Samiti}}
	'''Prafulla Chandra Chaki''' {{IPAc-en\|audio=Prafulla chaki.ogg}} ({{lang-bn\|প্রফুল্ল চাকী}} ''~~Profullo~~ Chaki'' alias Dinesh Chandra Roy) (10 December 1888 – 1 May 1908) was an Indian revolutionary associated with the [[Jugantar]] group of revolutionaries who carried out assassinations against [[British Raj\|British colonial]] officials in an attempt to secure [[Indian independence movement\|Indian independence]].		'''Prafulla Chandra Chaki''' {{IPAc-en\|audio=Prafulla chaki.ogg}} ({{lang-bn\|প্রফুল্ল চাকী}}, ''Prafulla Chaki'' alias Dinesh Chandra Roy) (10 December 1888 – 1 May 1908) was an Indian revolutionary associated with the [[Jugantar]] group of revolutionaries who carried out assassinations against [[British Raj\|British colonial]] officials in an attempt to secure [[Indian independence movement\|Indian independence]].

	Prafulla and [[Khudiram Bose]] tried to assassinate the ~~District Judge~~, Mr. Kingsford by throwing bombs at the carriage in which Kingsford was supposed to travel but he was not in the carriage and two British women were killed. Prafulla committed suicide when he was about to be arrested by the Police. Khudiram was arrested and tried for the murder of the two women and sentenced to death.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1765978/ \| title=Calcutta High Court Khudiram Bose vs Emperor on 13 July, 1908 \| publisher=Indian Kanoon \| access-date=5 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="Guha1971p131">{{cite book \|author=Arun Chandra Guha \|year=1971 \|title=First spark of revolution: the early phase of India's struggle for independence, 1900-1920 \|publisher=Orient Longman \|page=131 \|oclc=254043308 \|quote=Khudiram was suspected and arrested there [at Waini station] ... Khudiram was tried ... was sentenced to death and hanged in the Muzaffarpur jail ... on 19 August 1908.}}</ref> [[~~Mohandas Karamchand~~ Gandhi]] ~~did not approve this~~ violence and regretted the deaths of two women. He stated "that the Indian people will not win their freedom through these methods".<ref name="Shankar1996">{{cite book\|author=Rama Hari Shankar\|title=Gandhi's encounter with the Indian revolutionaries\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F0duAAAAMAAJ\|year=1996\|publisher=Siddharth Publications\|isbn=978-81-7220-079-4\|page=48}}</ref><ref name="Jhunjhunwala2015">{{cite book\|author=Lakshiminiwas Jhunjhunwala\|title=Panorama\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NmtsCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA149\|year=2015\|publisher=Ocean Books Pvt. Limited\|isbn=978-81-8430-312-4\|page=149}}</ref><ref name="(Mahatma)1962">{{cite book\|author=Mahatma Gandhi\|author-link=Mahatma Gandhi\|title=Collected works\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tz9uAAAAMAAJ\|year=1962\|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India\|page=223}}</ref><ref name="DasMishra1978">{{cite book\|author1=Bhaskar Chandra Das\|author2=G. P. Mishra\|title=Gandhi in to-day's India\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EnceAAAAMAAJ\|year=1978\|publisher=Ashish\|page=51\|isbn=9788170240464\|oclc=461855455}}</ref> However, [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] in his newspaper ''[[Kesari (newspaper)\|Kesari]]'', defended the two young men and called for immediate ''swaraj.'' This was followed by the immediate arrest of Tilak by the British colonial government on charges of sedition.<ref>{{Cite news \|title=The story of our independence: Six years of jail for Tilak \|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/the-story-of-our-independence-six-years-of-jail-for-tilak/story-vC1VtfmXEj4WfMPC2qiR5J.html \|date=2015-08-08 \|work=Hindustan Times \|access-date=2018-08-11}}</ref>		Prafulla and [[Khudiram Bose]] tried to assassinate the district judge, Mr. Kingsford, by throwing bombs at the carriage in which Kingsford was supposed to travel, but he was not in the carriage, and two British women were killed. Prafulla committed suicide when he was about to be arrested by the Police. Khudiram was arrested and tried for the murder of the two women and sentenced to death.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1765978/ \| title=Calcutta High Court Khudiram Bose vs Emperor on 13 July, 1908 \| publisher=Indian Kanoon \| access-date=5 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="Guha1971p131">{{cite book \|author=Arun Chandra Guha \|year=1971 \|title=First spark of revolution: the early phase of India's struggle for independence, 1900-1920 \|publisher=Orient Longman \|page=131 \|oclc=254043308 \|quote=Khudiram was suspected and arrested there [at Waini station] ... Khudiram was tried ... was sentenced to death and hanged in the Muzaffarpur jail ... on 19 August 1908.}}</ref> [[Mahatma Gandhi]] denounced the violence and regretted the deaths of two women. He stated "that the Indian people will not win their freedom through these methods".<ref name="Shankar1996">{{cite book\|author=Rama Hari Shankar\|title=Gandhi's encounter with the Indian revolutionaries\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F0duAAAAMAAJ\|year=1996\|publisher=Siddharth Publications\|isbn=978-81-7220-079-4\|page=48}}</ref><ref name="Jhunjhunwala2015">{{cite book\|author=Lakshiminiwas Jhunjhunwala\|title=Panorama\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NmtsCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA149\|year=2015\|publisher=Ocean Books Pvt. Limited\|isbn=978-81-8430-312-4\|page=149}}</ref><ref name="(Mahatma)1962">{{cite book\|author=Mahatma Gandhi\|author-link=Mahatma Gandhi\|title=Collected works\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tz9uAAAAMAAJ\|year=1962\|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India\|page=223}}</ref><ref name="DasMishra1978">{{cite book\|author1=Bhaskar Chandra Das\|author2=G. P. Mishra\|title=Gandhi in to-day's India\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EnceAAAAMAAJ\|year=1978\|publisher=Ashish\|page=51\|isbn=9788170240464\|oclc=461855455}}</ref> However, [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] in his newspaper ''[[Kesari (newspaper)\|Kesari]]'', defended the two young men and called for immediate ''swaraj.'' This was followed by the immediate arrest of Tilak by the British colonial government on charges of sedition.<ref>{{Cite news \|title=The story of our independence: Six years of jail for Tilak \|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/the-story-of-our-independence-six-years-of-jail-for-tilak/story-vC1VtfmXEj4WfMPC2qiR5J.html \|date=2015-08-08 \|work=Hindustan Times \|access-date=2018-08-11}}</ref>

	== Early life ==		== Early life ==
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	[[Barin Ghosh]] brought Prafulla to [[Kolkata]] and he was enlisted in the [[Jugantar]] party. His first assignment was to kill Sir [[Joseph Bampfylde Fuller]] (1854-1935), the first Lieutenant Governor of the new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam. However, the plan did not materialize.		[[Barin Ghosh]] brought Prafulla to [[Kolkata]] and he was enlisted in the [[Jugantar]] party. His first assignment was to kill Sir [[Joseph Bampfylde Fuller]] (1854-1935), the first Lieutenant Governor of the new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam. However, the plan did not materialize.

	Next, Prafulla, along with '''[[Khudiram Bose]] was chosen for the ~~assassinati'''on~~ of Kingsford, the magistrate of [[Muzaffarpur]], [[Bihar]]. Kingsford, during his previous tenure as the Chief Presidency Magistrate of [[Kolkata\|Calcutta]], was unpopular for passing harsh and cruel sentences on young political workers of Bengal. He was also noted for inflicting corporal punishments on such workers. This led to the planning of his murder, and Chaki and Bose were selected and sent to Muzaffarpur to execute this task.<ref name="Chaturvedi2007">{{cite book\|author=Ritu Chaturvedi\|title=Bihar Through the Ages\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cn9AcbAL0m4C&pg=PA340\|year=2007\|publisher=Sarup & Sons\|isbn=978-81-7625-798-5\|page=340}}</ref> Prafulla took the fake name of 'Dinesh Chandra Roy' in this operation.<ref>{{Cite book \|author=Hitendra Patel \|year=2008 \|title=Khudiram Bose Revolutionary Extraordinaire \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9qhDQAAQBAJ&q=prafulla+chaki+name+dinesh&pg=PT58 \|publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting \|isbn=9788123022789}}</ref>		Next, Prafulla, along with '''[[Khudiram Bose]]''' was chosen for the assassination of Kingsford, the magistrate of [[Muzaffarpur]], [[Bihar]]. Kingsford, during his previous tenure as the Chief Presidency Magistrate of [[Kolkata\|Calcutta]], was unpopular for passing harsh and cruel sentences on young political workers of Bengal. He was also noted for inflicting corporal punishments on such workers. This led to the planning of his murder, and Chaki and Bose were selected and sent to Muzaffarpur to execute this task.<ref name="Chaturvedi2007">{{cite book\|author=Ritu Chaturvedi\|title=Bihar Through the Ages\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cn9AcbAL0m4C&pg=PA340\|year=2007\|publisher=Sarup & Sons\|isbn=978-81-7625-798-5\|page=340}}</ref> Prafulla took the fake name of 'Dinesh Chandra Roy' in this operation.<ref>{{Cite book \|author=Hitendra Patel \|year=2008 \|title=Khudiram Bose Revolutionary Extraordinaire \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9qhDQAAQBAJ&q=prafulla+chaki+name+dinesh&pg=PT58 \|publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting \|isbn=9788123022789}}</ref>

	== The Muzaffarpur killing ==<!-- This section is linked from [[Indian independence movement]] -->		== The Muzaffarpur killing ==<!-- This section is linked from [[Indian independence movement]] -->
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	== The manhunt and suicide ==		== The manhunt and suicide ==
	Prafulla and Khudiram took separate routes to escape. Prafulla reached Samastipur where he was provided shelter by a railway staff member, Triguna Charan Ghosh. Ghosh also provided him with an inter-class ticket for boarding the night train due for [[Mokama]].<ref name="Chaturvedi2007"/> Nandalal Banerjee, a police officer travelling in the same compartment grew suspicious of Prafulla and attempted to arrest him on the Mokama railway station platform. But Prafulla committed suicide by shooting himself using his own revolver.<ref>{{cite book \|author=Arun Chandra Guha \|year=1971 \|title=First spark of revolution: the early phase of India's struggle for independence, 1900-1920 \|publisher=Orient Longman \|page=131 \|oclc=254043308 \|quote=A Bengali police officer, Nandalal Banerji was also travelling in the same compartment ... Nandalal suspected Prafulla and tried to arrest him. But Prafulla was quite alert; he put his revolver under his own chin and pulled the trigger ... This happened on the Mokama station platform on 2nd May, 1908.}}</ref> His head was severed from his body and sent to Kolkata to be identified by Khudiram who unfortunately got captured.<ref name="Chaturvedi2007"/> Khudiram was later arrested and hanged to death. Following this incident, inspector Nandalal was assassinated by two young revolutionaries, [[Srishh Pal]] and Ranen Ganguly.<ref>{{Cite book\|title=Sansad Bangali Charitavidhan (Bengali)\|last=Subodh ch. Sengupta & Anjali Basu\|first=Vol - I\|publisher=Sahitya Sansad\|year=2002\|isbn=978-81-85626-65-9\|location=Kolkata\|pages=541}}</ref> Their relatives live in Uttar and Dakhin Dinajpur, West Bengal. Pratap Chanda Chaki's great grandson Subrata Chaki lives in Kolkata.		Prafulla and Khudiram took separate routes to escape. Prafulla reached Samastipur where he was provided shelter by a railway staff member, Triguna Charan Ghosh. Ghosh also provided him with an inter-class ticket for boarding the night train due for [[Mokama]].<ref name="Chaturvedi2007"/> Nandalal Banerjee, a police officer travelling in the same compartment grew suspicious of Prafulla and attempted to arrest him on the Mokama railway station platform. But Prafulla committed suicide by shooting himself using his own revolver.<ref>{{cite book \|author=Arun Chandra Guha \|year=1971 \|title=First spark of revolution: the early phase of India's struggle for independence, 1900-1920 \|publisher=Orient Longman \|page=131 \|oclc=254043308 \|quote=A Bengali police officer, Nandalal Banerji was also travelling in the same compartment ... Nandalal suspected Prafulla and tried to arrest him. But Prafulla was quite alert; he put his revolver under his own chin and pulled the trigger ... This happened on the Mokama station platform on 2nd May, 1908.}}</ref> His head was severed from his body and sent to Kolkata to be identified by Khudiram who unfortunately got captured.<ref name="Chaturvedi2007"/>
			[[File:Martyr_Prafulla_Chaki,_Samadhi_ceremony_(front).jpg\|thumb\|Martyr Prafulla Chaki, Samadhi ceremony (front)]]
			[[File:Martyr_Prafulla_Chaki,_Samadhi_ceremony_(leftside).jpg\|thumb\|Martyr Prafulla Chaki, Samadhi ceremony (leftside)]]
			Khudiram was later arrested and hanged to death. Following this incident, inspector Nandalal was assassinated by two young revolutionaries, [[Srishh Pal]] and Ranen Ganguly.<ref>{{Cite book\|title=Sansad Bangali Charitavidhan (Bengali)\|last=Subodh ch. Sengupta & Anjali Basu\|first=Vol - I\|publisher=Sahitya Sansad\|year=2002\|isbn=978-81-85626-65-9\|location=Kolkata\|pages=541}}</ref> Their relatives live in Uttar and Dakhin Dinajpur, West Bengal. Pratap Chanda Chaki's great grandson Subrata Chaki lives in Kolkata.

	==References==		==References==
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	{{Indian independence movement}}		{{Indian independence movement}}
			{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}
	{{Authority control}}		{{Authority control}}

157.119.204.150 at 14:10, 5 June 2021

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{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = [[Prafulla]] [[Chaki]]
| native_name = প্রফুল্ল চাকী
| native_name_lang = bn
| image = Prafulla Chaki.jpg
| caption = Prafulla Chaki alias Dinesh Chandra Roy
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1888|12|10}}
| birth_place = [[Bogra District|Bogra district]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (presently in [[Bangladesh]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1908|05|01|1888|12|10}}
| death_place = Mokama Ghat Railway Station, Dist. Patna, Bihar, [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| occupation = [[Freedom fighters of India]]
| known_for = Role in Indian freedom struggle
| movement = [[Indian independence movement]]
}}

{{Anushilan Samiti}}
'''Prafulla Chandra Chaki''' {{IPAc-en|audio=Prafulla chaki.ogg}} ({{lang-bn|প্রফুল্ল চাকী}} ''Profullo Chaki'' alias Dinesh Chandra Roy) (10 December 1888 – 1 May 1908) was an Indian revolutionary associated with the [[Jugantar]] group of revolutionaries who carried out assassinations against [[British Raj|British colonial]] officials in an attempt to secure [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]].

Prafulla and [[Khudiram Bose]] tried to assassinate the District Judge, Mr. Kingsford by throwing bombs at the carriage in which Kingsford was supposed to travel but he was not in the carriage and two British women were killed. Prafulla committed suicide when he was about to be arrested by the Police. Khudiram was arrested and tried for the murder of the two women and sentenced to death.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1765978/ | title=Calcutta High Court Khudiram Bose vs Emperor on 13 July, 1908 | publisher=Indian Kanoon | access-date=5 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="Guha1971p131">{{cite book |author=Arun Chandra Guha |year=1971 |title=First spark of revolution: the early phase of India's struggle for independence, 1900-1920 |publisher=Orient Longman |page=131 |oclc=254043308 |quote=Khudiram was suspected and arrested there [at Waini station] ... Khudiram was tried ... was sentenced to death and hanged in the Muzaffarpur jail ... on 19 August 1908.}}</ref> [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]] did not approve this violence and regretted the deaths of two women. He stated "that the Indian people will not win their freedom through these methods".<ref name="Shankar1996">{{cite book|author=Rama Hari Shankar|title=Gandhi's encounter with the Indian revolutionaries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F0duAAAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Siddharth Publications|isbn=978-81-7220-079-4|page=48}}</ref><ref name="Jhunjhunwala2015">{{cite book|author=Lakshiminiwas Jhunjhunwala|title=Panorama|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NmtsCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA149|year=2015|publisher=Ocean Books Pvt. Limited|isbn=978-81-8430-312-4|page=149}}</ref><ref name="(Mahatma)1962">{{cite book|author=Mahatma Gandhi|author-link=Mahatma Gandhi|title=Collected works|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tz9uAAAAMAAJ|year=1962|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India|page=223}}</ref><ref name="DasMishra1978">{{cite book|author1=Bhaskar Chandra Das|author2=G. P. Mishra|title=Gandhi in to-day's India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EnceAAAAMAAJ|year=1978|publisher=Ashish|page=51|isbn=9788170240464|oclc=461855455}}</ref> However, [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] in his newspaper ''[[Kesari (newspaper)|Kesari]]'', defended the two young men and called for immediate ''swaraj.'' This was followed by the immediate arrest of Tilak by the British colonial government on charges of sedition.<ref>{{Cite news |title=The story of our independence: Six years of jail for Tilak |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/the-story-of-our-independence-six-years-of-jail-for-tilak/story-vC1VtfmXEj4WfMPC2qiR5J.html |date=2015-08-08 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=2018-08-11}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Prafulla Chandra Chaki was born in a well to do Jotdar family on 10 December 1888 in Bihar, a village in [[Bogra District|Bogra district]] of current day [[Bangladesh]], then a part of [[Bengal Presidency]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chaki,_Prafulla|title=Chaki, Prafulla|website=Banglapedia|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> His father's name was Rajnarayan Chaki and mother's name was Swarnomoyee Devi. Rajnarayan's ancestor Prankrishna Chaki (his grandfather) was a residents of Chanchakia, Pabna, Their original surname was Bosu but people living in Chanchakia were also called Chaki. He was the fifth child in his family. Rajnarayan was an employee in the Nagar estate. He started his education at Namuja Janada Prasad English School, an English medium school in Bogra. After completing his primary education he came to Rangpur with his elder brother Pratap Chandra Chaki whose father-in-law was a reputed person in Rangpur. He was expelled from [[Rangpur Zilla School]] in Class 9 for taking part in a students' demonstration that violated East Bengal law. He then joined Rangpur National School where he came in contact with revolutionaries and became a believer and practitioner of revolutionary philosophies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.istampgallery.com/prafulla-chandra-chaki/|title=Prafulla Chandra Chaki|website=istampgallery.com|date=5 December 2014|access-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> He loved horse riding and swimming. As an athlete, he was a renowned wrestler, lathikhalowar (stick-fighter).{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

== Revolutionary activities ==
[[Barin Ghosh]] brought Prafulla to [[Kolkata]] and he was enlisted in the [[Jugantar]] party. His first assignment was to kill Sir [[Joseph Bampfylde Fuller]] (1854-1935), the first Lieutenant Governor of the new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam. However, the plan did not materialize.

Next, Prafulla, along with '''[[Khudiram Bose]] was chosen for the assassinati'''on of Kingsford, the magistrate of [[Muzaffarpur]], [[Bihar]]. Kingsford, during his previous tenure as the Chief Presidency Magistrate of [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], was unpopular for passing harsh and cruel sentences on young political workers of Bengal. He was also noted for inflicting corporal punishments on such workers. This led to the planning of his murder, and Chaki and Bose were selected and sent to Muzaffarpur to execute this task.<ref name="Chaturvedi2007">{{cite book|author=Ritu Chaturvedi|title=Bihar Through the Ages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cn9AcbAL0m4C&pg=PA340|year=2007|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-798-5|page=340}}</ref> Prafulla took the fake name of 'Dinesh Chandra Roy' in this operation.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Hitendra Patel |year=2008 |title=Khudiram Bose Revolutionary Extraordinaire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9qhDQAAQBAJ&q=prafulla+chaki+name+dinesh&pg=PT58 |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting |isbn=9788123022789}}</ref>

== The Muzaffarpur killing ==
Khudiram and Prafulla watched the usual movements of Kingsford and prepared a plan to kill him. On the evening of 30 April 1908, the duo was waiting in front of the gate of European Club for Kingsford's carriage to arrive. When a vehicle came out of the gate, a bomb was thrown into the carriage. There was a mistake towards identification by them, as the vehicle was not carrying Kingsford, but wife and daughter of Mr Pringle Kennedy, a leading pleader at Muzaffarpur Bar. The daughter died soon after and his wife succumbed to her injuries.<ref name="Chaturvedi2007"/> The revolutionaries fled.

== The manhunt and suicide ==
Prafulla and Khudiram took separate routes to escape. Prafulla reached Samastipur where he was provided shelter by a railway staff member, Triguna Charan Ghosh. Ghosh also provided him with an inter-class ticket for boarding the night train due for [[Mokama]].<ref name="Chaturvedi2007"/> Nandalal Banerjee, a police officer travelling in the same compartment grew suspicious of Prafulla and attempted to arrest him on the Mokama railway station platform. But Prafulla committed suicide by shooting himself using his own revolver.<ref>{{cite book |author=Arun Chandra Guha |year=1971 |title=First spark of revolution: the early phase of India's struggle for independence, 1900-1920 |publisher=Orient Longman |page=131 |oclc=254043308 |quote=A Bengali police officer, Nandalal Banerji was also travelling in the same compartment ... Nandalal suspected Prafulla and tried to arrest him. But Prafulla was quite alert; he put his revolver under his own chin and pulled the trigger ... This happened on the Mokama station platform on 2nd May, 1908.}}</ref> His head was severed from his body and sent to Kolkata to be identified by Khudiram who unfortunately got captured.<ref name="Chaturvedi2007"/> Khudiram was later arrested and hanged to death. Following this incident, inspector Nandalal was assassinated by two young revolutionaries, [[Srishh Pal]] and Ranen Ganguly.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sansad Bangali Charitavidhan (Bengali)|last=Subodh ch. Sengupta & Anjali Basu|first=Vol - I|publisher=Sahitya Sansad|year=2002|isbn=978-81-85626-65-9|location=Kolkata|pages=541}}</ref> Their relatives live in Uttar and Dakhin Dinajpur, West Bengal. Pratap Chanda Chaki's great grandson Subrata Chaki lives in Kolkata.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite book |last=Mozammel |first=Md. Muktadir Arif |year=2012 |chapter=Chaki, Prafulla |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chaki,_Prafulla |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130616013537/http://muktadhara.net/antibritish.html Muktadhara article]

{{Indian independence movement}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaki, Prafulla}}
[[Category:Anushilan Samiti]]
[[Category:Revolutionaries of Bengal during British Rule]]
[[Category:Anti-British establishment revolutionaries from East Bengal]]
[[Category:Bengali people]]
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1908 deaths]]
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Suicides by firearm in India]]
[[Category:People from Bogra District]]
[[Category:1908 suicides]]