Pradyota dynasty - Revision history

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	{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2021}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2021}}

	'''Pradyota dynasty''', also called ''Prthivim Bhoksyanti'' (lit. enjoying the earth),{{sfn\|Thapar\|2013\|p=295}} is an ancient [[India]]n dynasty, which ruled over [[Avanti (Ancient India)\|Avanti]] and [[Magadha]], though most of the [[Puranas]] ''(except a manuscript of the [[Brahmanda Purana]], preserved in the [[University of Dhaka]])'' say that this dynasty succeeded the ~~Barhadratha (rawani)~~ dynasty in [[Magadha]].<ref>Misra, V.S. (2007). ''Ancient Indian Dynasties'', Mumbai: Baratiya Vidya Bhavan, {{ISBN\|81-7276-413-8}}, p. 300</ref> The dynasty ruled for 138 years.{{sfn\|Thapar\|2013\|p=295}}		'''Pradyota dynasty''', also called ''Prthivim Bhoksyanti'' (lit. enjoying the earth),{{sfn\|Thapar\|2013\|p=295}} is an ancient [[India]]n dynasty, which ruled over [[Avanti (Ancient India)\|Avanti]] and [[Magadha]], though most of the [[Puranas]] ''(except a manuscript of the [[Brahmanda Purana]], preserved in the [[University of Dhaka]])'' say that this dynasty succeeded the [[Brihadratha dynasty]] in [[Magadha]].<ref>Misra, V.S. (2007). ''Ancient Indian Dynasties'', Mumbai: Baratiya Vidya Bhavan, {{ISBN\|81-7276-413-8}}, p. 300</ref> The dynasty ruled for 138 years.{{sfn\|Thapar\|2013\|p=295}}

	{{Infobox country		{{Infobox country
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	\|year_start = 682 BCE		\|year_start = 682 BCE
	\|year_end = 544 BCE		\|year_end = 544 BCE
	\|p1 = Brihadratha		\|p1 = Brihadratha dynasty
	\|p2 = Vedic period		\|p2 = Vedic period
	\|s1 = Haryanka dynasty		\|s1 = Haryanka dynasty
	\| capital = [[Rajgir\|Rajagriha]]		\| capital = [[Rajgir\|Rajagriha]]
	\|common_languages = [[~~Magadhi Prakrit]], [[Prakrit\|Other Prakrits~~]]		\|common_languages = [[Sanskrit]]
	\|government_type = Monarchy		\|government_type = Monarchy
	\|today = [[India]]		\|today = [[India]]
	\| religion = [[~~Jainism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Brahmanism~~]]		\| religion = [[Hinduism]]
	\|demonym=\|area_km2=\|area_rank=\|GDP_PPP=\|GDP_PPP_year=\|HDI=\|HDI_year=}}		\|demonym=\|area_km2=\|area_rank=\|GDP_PPP=\|GDP_PPP_year=\|HDI=\|HDI_year=}}

			[[File:Magadha.GIF\|thumb\|[[Magadha]]]]

	''Pradyota'' is the founder of the dynasty and ruler of [[Avanti (Ancient India)\|Avanti]] & [[Magadha]].		''Pradyota'' is the founder of the dynasty and ruler of [[Avanti (Ancient India)\|Avanti]] & [[Magadha]].
	Pradyota dynasty was Second dynasty who ruled Magadha. Pradyota was son of Pulika (''Punika''), who is said to have killed '''Ripunjaya''' of [[~~Brihadratha \|~~Brihadratha dynasty]] at [[Rajagriha]], to make his son the king.		Pradyota dynasty was Second dynasty who ruled Magadha. Pradyota was son of Pulika (''Punika''), who is said to have killed '''[[Ripunjaya]]''' of [[Brihadratha dynasty]] at [[Rajagriha]], to make his son the king.

	Pradyota dynasty was preceded by [[~~Brihadratha \|~~Brihadratha dynasty]] and succeeded by [[Haryanka dynasty]] of [[Magadha]]. Pradyota is said to have ruled for 23 years.{{sfn\|Kailash Chand Jain\|1972\|p=101}}		Pradyota dynasty was preceded by [[Brihadratha dynasty]] and succeeded by [[Haryanka dynasty]] of [[Magadha]]. Pradyota is said to have ruled for 23 years.{{sfn\|Kailash Chand Jain\|1972\|p=101}}

	Palaka's reign started in (659–635 BCE) according to ''Visarasreni'' of [[Merutunga]].{{sfn\|Kailash Chand Jain\|1991\|p=85}} He was the son of Chanda Pradyota of Magadha.{{sfn\|Kailash Chand Jain\|1991\|p=81}} He is said to have conquered [[Kosambi]].{{sfn\|Kailash Chand Jain\|1972\|p=101}} Palaka is said to have ruled for 25 years.{{sfn\|Kailash Chand Jain\|1972\|p=102}}		Palaka's reign started in (659–635 BCE) according to ''Visarasreni'' of [[Merutunga]].{{sfn\|Kailash Chand Jain\|1991\|p=85}} He was the son of Chanda Pradyota of Magadha.{{sfn\|Kailash Chand Jain\|1991\|p=81}} He is said to have conquered [[Kosambi]].{{sfn\|Kailash Chand Jain\|1972\|p=101}} Palaka is said to have ruled for 25 years.{{sfn\|Kailash Chand Jain\|1972\|p=102}}
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	*Visakhayupa (635–585 BCE)		*Visakhayupa (635–585 BCE)
	*Ajaka (585–564 BCE)		*Ajaka (585–564 BCE)
	*~~[[Nandivardhana]] or~~ Varttivarddhana (564–544 BCE)		*Varttivarddhana (564–544 BCE)

	==See also==		==See also==

223.233.86.226 at 14:53, 19 August 2021

2021-08-19T14:53:51Z

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{{Short description|Second dynasty who ruled Magadha}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2021}}

'''Pradyota dynasty''', also called ''Prthivim Bhoksyanti'' (lit. enjoying the earth),{{sfn|Thapar|2013|p=295}} is an ancient [[India]]n dynasty, which ruled over [[Avanti (Ancient India)|Avanti]] and [[Magadha]], though most of the [[Puranas]] ''(except a manuscript of the [[Brahmanda Purana]], preserved in the [[University of Dhaka]])'' say that this dynasty succeeded the Barhadratha (rawani) dynasty in [[Magadha]].<ref>Misra, V.S. (2007). ''Ancient Indian Dynasties'', Mumbai: Baratiya Vidya Bhavan, {{ISBN|81-7276-413-8}}, p. 300</ref> The dynasty ruled for 138 years.{{sfn|Thapar|2013|p=295}}

{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Pradyota dynasty
|common_name = Pradyota dynasty
|year_start = 682 BCE
|year_end = 544 BCE
|p1 = Brihadratha
|p2 = Vedic period
|s1 = Haryanka dynasty
| capital = [[Rajgir|Rajagriha]]
|common_languages = [[Magadhi Prakrit]], [[Prakrit|Other Prakrits]]
|government_type = Monarchy
|today = [[India]]
| religion = [[Jainism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Brahmanism]]
|demonym=|area_km2=|area_rank=|GDP_PPP=|GDP_PPP_year=|HDI=|HDI_year=}}

''Pradyota'' is the founder of the dynasty and ruler of [[Avanti (Ancient India)|Avanti]] & [[Magadha]].
Pradyota dynasty was Second dynasty who ruled Magadha. Pradyota was son of Pulika (''Punika''), who is said to have killed '''Ripunjaya''' of [[Brihadratha |Brihadratha dynasty]] at [[Rajagriha]], to make his son the king.

Pradyota dynasty was preceded by [[Brihadratha |Brihadratha dynasty]] and succeeded by [[Haryanka dynasty]] of [[Magadha]]. Pradyota is said to have ruled for 23 years.{{sfn|Kailash Chand Jain|1972|p=101}}

Palaka's reign started in (659–635 BCE) according to ''Visarasreni'' of [[Merutunga]].{{sfn|Kailash Chand Jain|1991|p=85}} He was the son of Chanda Pradyota of Magadha.{{sfn|Kailash Chand Jain|1991|p=81}} He is said to have conquered [[Kosambi]].{{sfn|Kailash Chand Jain|1972|p=101}} Palaka is said to have ruled for 25 years.{{sfn|Kailash Chand Jain|1972|p=102}}

Visakhayupa, Ajaka, Nandivardhana is said to have ruled for 50, 21 and 20 years respectively.{{sfn|Kailash Chand Jain|1972|p=102}}

==List of Rulers==
Five Kings of Pradyota dynasty ruled for 138 years from 682–544 BCE.

*[[Pradyota|Pradyota Mahasena]] (682–659 BCE)
*Palaka (659–635 BCE)
*Visakhayupa (635–585 BCE)
*Ajaka (585–564 BCE)
*[[Nandivardhana]] or Varttivarddhana (564–544 BCE)

==See also==
*[[Pradyota]]
*[[Brihadratha]]
*[[Haryanka dynasty]]
*[[Avanti-Magadhan Wars]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}
===Sources===
* {{citation |last=Jain |first=Kailash Chand |author-link=Kailash Chand Jain |title=Malwa Through the Ages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3O7q7cU7k0C |date=1972 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |edition=First |isbn=978-81-208-0805-8 |ref={{sfnref|Kailash Chand Jain|1972}} }}
* {{citation |last=Jain |first=Kailash Chand |author-link=Kailash Chand Jain |title=Lord Mahāvīra and His Times |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8-TxcO9dfrcC |date=1991 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |isbn=978-81-208-0805-8 |ref={{sfnref|Kailash Chand Jain|1991}} }}
* {{citation |last=Singh |first=Upinder |author-link=Upinder Singh |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pq2iCwAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Pearson PLC]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-81-317-1677-9 |ref={{sfnref|Upinder Singh|2016}}}}
* {{citation |last=Thapar |first=Romila |author-link=Romila Thapar |title=The Past Before Us|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aei9AAAAQBAJ |year=2013 |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |isbn=978-0-674-72651-2 }}

{{start box}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Avanti (India)|Avanti dynasties]]
| years =
| before = [[Vitihotra dynasty]]
| after = [[Haryanka dynasty]]
}}
{{end box}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Dynasties of Bengal]]
[[Category:Dynasties of India]]
[[Category:Magadha]]
[[Category:History of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Avanti (India)]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:52, 22 March 2026
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	'''Pradyota dynasty''' was a ruling dynasty of [[Avanti (Ancient India)\|Avanti]], founded by Pradyota, after his father Punika, a minister in the court of the king of Ujjaini, the northern part of the former Avanti kingdom, and placed his own son on the throne in 546 BCE.~~<~~ref~~>~~{{cite book\|last= Jain\|first= Kailash Chand\|title= Malwa through the Ages\|page=99\|quote=The Purānas wrongly mention Pradyota and Bimbisara as rulers of Magadha separated by a interval of over 150 years.They were in fact contemporaries ruling over Avanti and Magadha respectively as known to us from Buddhist, Jain and other Sanskrit works. The mistake of including the Avanti rulers in the Magadha list probably a rose on account of the sovereignty established by Avanti over Magadha.}}~~<~~/ref~~>~~		'''Pradyota dynasty''' was a ruling dynasty of [[Avanti (Ancient India)\|Avanti]], founded by Pradyota, after his father Punika, a minister in the court of the king of Ujjaini, the northern part of the former Avanti kingdom, and placed his own son on the throne in 546 BCE.<ref>{{cite book\|last= Jain\|first= Kailash Chand\|title= Malwa through the Ages\|page=99\|quote=The Purānas wrongly mention Pradyota and Bimbisara as rulers of Magadha separated by a interval of over 150 years.They were in fact contemporaries ruling over Avanti and Magadha respectively as known to us from Buddhist, Jain and other Sanskrit works. The mistake of including the Avanti rulers in the Magadha list probably a rose on account of the sovereignty established by Avanti over Magadha.}}</ref>

	'Pradyota or Chanda Pradyota' was the founder of the dynasty and the ruler of [[Avanti (Ancient India)\|Avanti]]. Pradyota was the son of Pulika (or Punika), who is said to have killed previous King [[Ripunjaya]] of [[Brihadratha dynasty]] at [[Ujjain]], to make his son the king. Pradyota is said to have ruled for 23 years.{{sfn\|Kailash Chand Jain\|1972\|p=101}}		'Pradyota or Chanda Pradyota' was the founder of the dynasty and the ruler of [[Avanti (Ancient India)\|Avanti]]. Pradyota was the son of Pulika (or Punika), who is said to have killed previous King [[Ripunjaya]] of [[Brihadratha dynasty]] at [[Ujjain]], to make his son the king. Pradyota is said to have ruled for 23 years.{{sfn\|Kailash Chand Jain\|1972\|p=101}}
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	The relations between Pradyota and the [[Surasena\|Śūrasena kingdom]] were also close, with the Śaurasenī king Subāhu being nicknamed {{transliteration\|sa\|Avantiputra}} ("son of Avanti") because he was the son of either an Avantika princess or of Pradyota himself.{{sfn\|Jain\|1972\|p=98-104}}		The relations between Pradyota and the [[Surasena\|Śūrasena kingdom]] were also close, with the Śaurasenī king Subāhu being nicknamed {{transliteration\|sa\|Avantiputra}} ("son of Avanti") because he was the son of either an Avantika princess or of Pradyota himself.{{sfn\|Jain\|1972\|p=98-104}}

	Under Pradyota, the Avanti kingdom controlled the important sea port city of [[Bharuch\|Bharukaccha]],~~<~~ref~~>~~{{cite book \|last=Majumdar \|first=M. R. \|author-link= \|date=1960 \|title=Historical and Cultural Chronology of Gujarat \|url= \|location=[[Vadodara]], [[India]] \|publisher=[[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] \|page=26 \|isbn=}}~~<~~/ref~~>~~ from where trade was carried out with states of ancient [[Western Asia]] such as the [[Neo-Babylonian Empire\|Neo-Babylonian]] and [[Persians\|Persian]] [[Achaemenid Empire\|Achaemenid]] empires.~~<~~ref~~>~~{{cite book \|last=Patil \|first=Devendrakumar Rajaram \|author-link= \|date=1952 \|title=The Cultural Heritage of Madhya Bharat \|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.1284 \|location=[[Gwalior]], [[Madhya Bharat]], [[India]] \|publisher=Department of Archaeology, Government of [[Madhya Bharat]] \|page=14 \|isbn=}}~~<~~/ref~~>~~		Under Pradyota, the Avanti kingdom controlled the important sea port city of [[Bharuch\|Bharukaccha]],<ref>{{cite book \|last=Majumdar \|first=M. R. \|author-link= \|date=1960 \|title=Historical and Cultural Chronology of Gujarat \|url= \|location=[[Vadodara]], [[India]] \|publisher=[[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]] \|page=26 \|isbn=}}</ref> from where trade was carried out with states of ancient [[Western Asia]] such as the [[Neo-Babylonian Empire\|Neo-Babylonian]] and [[Persians\|Persian]] [[Achaemenid Empire\|Achaemenid]] empires.<ref>{{cite book \|last=Patil \|first=Devendrakumar Rajaram \|author-link= \|date=1952 \|title=The Cultural Heritage of Madhya Bharat \|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.1284 \|location=[[Gwalior]], [[Madhya Bharat]], [[India]] \|publisher=Department of Archaeology, Government of [[Madhya Bharat]] \|page=14 \|isbn=}}</ref>

	Pradyota also engaged in hostilities with the kingdom of [[Vatsa]], against which he carried out an initially successful military campaign until its king [[Śatānīka]] was able to repel him. Śatānīka later died of dysentery while Pradyota was carrying out a second campaign against Vatsa, around 495 BCE.~~<~~ref name="Smith"~~>~~{{cite journal \|last=Smith \|first=R. Morton \|date=1957 \|title=On the Ancient Chronology of India (II) \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/596129 \|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society \|volume=77 \|issue=4 \|pages=266–280 \|doi= 10.2307/596129\|jstor=596129 \|access-date=24 June 2022 \|archive-date=23 June 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623203211/https://www.jstor.org/stable/596129 \|url-status=live \|url-access=subscription }}~~<~~/ref~~>~~ According to Jain sources, the queen-regent of Vatsa after Śatānīka's death was his widow Mṛgavatī, who was also the sister of Pradyota's wife Śivā; Mṛgavatī repeatedly rejected the demands of Pradyota to marry her during her regency and made Pradyota wait until Udayana had grown up into a capable ruler, at which point she joined the Jain [[Digambara\|{{transliteration\|sa\|Nirgrantha}}]] order with the permission of Pradyota and in the presence of Mahāvīra, before whom Pradyota could not refuse her request, and entrusted Udayana to Pradyota.{{sfn\|Sikdar\|1964\|p=500}} Based on these sources, it can be inferred that Pradyota had captured Udayana in the campaign during which Śatānīka had died.~~<~~ref name="Smith"/~~>~~ Pradyota married his daughter Vāsavadattā to Udayana, and restored him to the throne of Vatsa,{{sfn\|Jain\|1972\|p=98-104}} although Udayana henceforth remained under Pradyota's influence.~~<~~ref name="Smith"/~~>~~		Pradyota also engaged in hostilities with the kingdom of [[Vatsa]], against which he carried out an initially successful military campaign until its king [[Śatānīka]] was able to repel him. Śatānīka later died of dysentery while Pradyota was carrying out a second campaign against Vatsa, around 495 BCE.<ref name="Smith">{{cite journal \|last=Smith \|first=R. Morton \|date=1957 \|title=On the Ancient Chronology of India (II) \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/596129 \|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society \|volume=77 \|issue=4 \|pages=266–280 \|doi= 10.2307/596129\|jstor=596129 \|access-date=24 June 2022 \|archive-date=23 June 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623203211/https://www.jstor.org/stable/596129 \|url-status=live \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> According to Jain sources, the queen-regent of Vatsa after Śatānīka's death was his widow Mṛgavatī, who was also the sister of Pradyota's wife Śivā; Mṛgavatī repeatedly rejected the demands of Pradyota to marry her during her regency and made Pradyota wait until Udayana had grown up into a capable ruler, at which point she joined the Jain [[Digambara\|{{transliteration\|sa\|Nirgrantha}}]] order with the permission of Pradyota and in the presence of Mahāvīra, before whom Pradyota could not refuse her request, and entrusted Udayana to Pradyota.{{sfn\|Sikdar\|1964\|p=500}} Based on these sources, it can be inferred that Pradyota had captured Udayana in the campaign during which Śatānīka had died.<ref name="Smith"/> Pradyota married his daughter Vāsavadattā to Udayana, and restored him to the throne of Vatsa,{{sfn\|Jain\|1972\|p=98-104}} although Udayana henceforth remained under Pradyota's influence.<ref name="Smith"/>

	Pradyota fought a war against the king [[Pushkarasarin\|Pukkusāti]] of [[Gandhāra (kingdom)\|Gandhāra]], in which he was unsuccessful and was saved only because another war broke out between Pukkusāti and the [[Arjunayanas\|Pāṇḍava]] tribe located in the [[Punjab]] region.{{sfn\|Jain\|1972\|p=98-104}}		Pradyota fought a war against the king [[Pushkarasarin\|Pukkusāti]] of [[Gandhāra (kingdom)\|Gandhāra]], in which he was unsuccessful and was saved only because another war broke out between Pukkusāti and the [[Arjunayanas\|Pāṇḍava]] tribe located in the [[Punjab]] region.{{sfn\|Jain\|1972\|p=98-104}}

	Following Bimbisāra's son [[Ajatashatru\|Ajātasattu]]'s usurpation of the throne of Magadha after killing his father, and after Ajātasattu had started a policy of attacking and conquering the Vajjika League, Pradyota took advantage of his control over Vatsa to plan an attack on the Māgadhī capital of [[Rajgir\|Rājagaha]], in response of which Ajātasattu fortified his capital.{{sfn\|Jain\|1972\|p=98-104}}~~<~~ref name="Smith"/~~>~~		Following Bimbisāra's son [[Ajatashatru\|Ajātasattu]]'s usurpation of the throne of Magadha after killing his father, and after Ajātasattu had started a policy of attacking and conquering the Vajjika League, Pradyota took advantage of his control over Vatsa to plan an attack on the Māgadhī capital of [[Rajgir\|Rājagaha]], in response of which Ajātasattu fortified his capital.{{sfn\|Jain\|1972\|p=98-104}}<ref name="Smith"/>

	===Death===		===Death===
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	===Descendants===		===Descendants===
	In addition to his daughter Vāsavadattā, Pradyota had two sons, named Gopāla and Pālaka, all born from his marriage with the Licchavika princess Śivā.~~<~~ref~~>~~{{cite journal \|last=Gune \|first=P. D. \|date=1920 \|title=PRADYOTA, UDAYANA AND ŚRENIKA — A JAIN LEGEND \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41702319 \|journal=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute \|volume=2 \|issue=1 \|pages=1–21 \|doi= \|jstor=41702319 \|access-date=24 June 2022}}~~<~~/ref~~>~~ Gopāla succeeded Pradyota but abdicated in favour of Pālaka. Pālaka was an unpopular tyrannical leader, and the population of Avanti overthrew him and instead placed Aryaka on the throne.{{sfn\|Jain\|1972\|p=98-104}}		In addition to his daughter Vāsavadattā, Pradyota had two sons, named Gopāla and Pālaka, all born from his marriage with the Licchavika princess Śivā.<ref>{{cite journal \|last=Gune \|first=P. D. \|date=1920 \|title=PRADYOTA, UDAYANA AND ŚRENIKA — A JAIN LEGEND \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41702319 \|journal=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute \|volume=2 \|issue=1 \|pages=1–21 \|doi= \|jstor=41702319 \|access-date=24 June 2022}}</ref> Gopāla succeeded Pradyota but abdicated in favour of Pālaka. Pālaka was an unpopular tyrannical leader, and the population of Avanti overthrew him and instead placed Aryaka on the throne.{{sfn\|Jain\|1972\|p=98-104}}

	Pajjota and his descendants, collectively known as the Pradyota dynasty, ruled over Avanti until it was finally conquered by Magadha in the late 5th century BCE.{{sfn\|Jain\|1972\|p=98-104}}		Pajjota and his descendants, collectively known as the Pradyota dynasty, ruled over Avanti until it was finally conquered by Magadha in the late 5th century BCE.{{sfn\|Jain\|1972\|p=98-104}}