CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

2023-08-15T07:35:51Z

Removed empty portal template using script

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:05, 15 August 2023
Line 94:		Line 94:

	== External links ==		== External links ==
	~~{{Portal\|Biography\|India\|Literature~~
	}}
	* {{Official website\|http://www.prabodhankar.org/node/11\|name=Works of Prabodhankar Thackeray}} {{In lang\|mr}}		* {{Official website\|http://www.prabodhankar.org/node/11\|name=Works of Prabodhankar Thackeray}} {{In lang\|mr}}

->Suonii180: Removed unknown parameter from infobox

2021-12-16T01:57:28Z

Removed unknown parameter from infobox

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:27, 16 December 2021
Line 16:		Line 16:
	\| nationality = [[Indian people\|Indian]]		\| nationality = [[Indian people\|Indian]]
	\| education =		\| education =
	\| alma_mater = [[Calcutta ~~University~~]]		\| alma_mater = [[University of Calcutta]]
	\| occupation = Writer, politician, [[social activist]]		\| occupation = Writer, politician, [[social activist]]
	\| years_active =		\| years_active =
Line 26:		Line 26:
	\| awards =		\| awards =
	\| footnotes =		\| footnotes =
	~~\| box_width =~~
	}}		}}
	'''Keshav Sitaram Thackeray''' (17 September 1885 – 20 November 1973); born '''Keshav Sitaram Panvelkar'''; also known as '''Keshav Sitaram Thakre''' and '''Keshav Sitaram Dhodapkar'''; commonly known by his pen name '''Prabodhankar Thackeray''', was an Indian social reformer. He campaigned against superstitions, [[untouchability]], [[child marriage]] and [[dowry]]. He was also a prolific author.		'''Keshav Sitaram Thackeray''' (17 September 1885 – 20 November 1973; born '''Keshav Sitaram Panvelkar''', also known as '''Keshav Sitaram Thakre''' and '''Keshav Sitaram Dhodapkar''', commonly known by his pen name '''Prabodhankar Thackeray'''), was an Indian social reformer. He campaigned against superstitions, [[untouchability]], [[child marriage]] and [[dowry]]. He was also a prolific author.

	He was one of the key leaders of the [[Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti]] which successfully campaigned for the linguistic state of [[Maharashtra]]. He was the father of [[Bal Thackeray]], who founded the [[Shiv Sena]], a pro-[[Marathi language\|Marathi]] [[Hindu nationalist]] party leader. He is also the grandfather of [[Shiv Sena]] supremo and current [[Chief minister of Maharashtra]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]] and [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]] chief [[Raj Thackeray]]. There is a school in Pune named after him.		He was one of the key leaders of the [[Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti]] which successfully campaigned for the linguistic state of [[Maharashtra]]. He was the father of [[Bal Thackeray]], who founded the [[Shiv Sena]], a pro-[[Marathi language\|Marathi]] [[Hindu nationalist]] party leader. He is also the grandfather of [[Shiv Sena]] supremo and current [[Chief minister of Maharashtra]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]] and [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]] chief [[Raj Thackeray]]. There is a school in Pune named after him.

imported>Dawnpope: Many edits of category, portal and official website.

2021-08-11T19:12:34Z

Many edits of category, portal and official website.

New page

{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Prabodhankar Thackeray
| image = Prabodhankar Thackeray 2002 stamp of India.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Thackeray on a 2002 stamp of India
| birth_name = Keshav Sitaram Panvelkar
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1885|09|17}}
| birth_place = [[Panvel]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day [[Maharashtra]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1973|11|20|1885|09|17}}
| death_place = Bombay, Maharashtra, India (present-day [[Mumbai]])
| spouse = Ramabai Thackeray
| death_cause =
| nationality = [[Indian people|Indian]]
| education =
| alma_mater = [[Calcutta University]]
| occupation = Writer, politician, [[social activist]]
| years_active =
| movement = [[Samyukta Maharashtra]] Movement
| parents = Sitaram Panvelkar
| children = 8, including [[Bal Thackeray]]
| relatives = [[Uddhav Thackeray]], [[Raj Thackeray]], Jayaprakash Tipnis
| callsign =
| awards =
| footnotes =
| box_width =
}}
'''Keshav Sitaram Thackeray''' (17 September 1885 – 20 November 1973); born '''Keshav Sitaram Panvelkar'''; also known as '''Keshav Sitaram Thakre''' and '''Keshav Sitaram Dhodapkar'''; commonly known by his pen name '''Prabodhankar Thackeray''', was an Indian social reformer. He campaigned against superstitions, [[untouchability]], [[child marriage]] and [[dowry]]. He was also a prolific author.

He was one of the key leaders of the [[Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti]] which successfully campaigned for the linguistic state of [[Maharashtra]]. He was the father of [[Bal Thackeray]], who founded the [[Shiv Sena]], a pro-[[Marathi language|Marathi]] [[Hindu nationalist]] party leader. He is also the grandfather of [[Shiv Sena]] supremo and current [[Chief minister of Maharashtra]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]] and [[Maharashtra Navnirman Sena]] chief [[Raj Thackeray]]. There is a school in Pune named after him.

== Early life ==

Keshav Thackeray (born Keshav Panvelkar) was born on 17 September 1885 in [[Panvel]] in a family. According to his autobiography ''Mazhi Jeevangatha'', one of his ancestors was a [[kiladar|Killedar]] of the [[Dhodap]] fort during the [[Maratha empire|Maratha rule]].<ref name="JM_2001">{{cite book|author=Jñāneśa Mahārāva|title=Thackeray, life & style|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZWduAAAAMAAJ|access-date=7 September 2012|year=2001|publisher=Pushpa Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7448-092-7 | page = 24 }}</ref> His great-grandfather Krushnaji Madhav Dhodapkar ("Appasaheb") resided in [[Pali, Raigad]], while his grandfather Ramchandra "Bhikoba" Dhodapkar settled in [[Panvel]]. Keshav's father Sitaram adopted the surname "Panvelkar" as per the tradition, but while admitting his son in the school, he gave him the surname "Thakre", which was apparently their original traditional family name before "Dhodapkar".<ref name="Sree_ON_2012">{{cite web |url=http://www.oneindia.com/2012/11/18/why-bal-thackeray-had-an-english-surname-1100587.html |title=Why Bal Thackeray had an English surname |author=Sreekumar |publisher=One India |date=18 November 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.tarunbharat.net/Encyc/2012/9/9/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A5%AB-%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96.aspx?NB=&lang=3&m1=&m2=&p1=&p2=&p3=&p4=&PageType=N |title=प्रबोधनकारांनी काय लिहून ठेवले आहे? |author=Baban Walke |newspaper=[[Tarun Bharat]] |date=9 September 2012 |language=Marathi }}</ref> An admirer of the India-born British writer [[William Makepeace Thackeray]], Keshav later [[anglicisation|anglicized]] the spelling of his surname to "Thackeray".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-20389849 |title=The legacy of Bal Thackeray |author=Soutik Biswas |date=19 November 2012 |publisher=BBC }}</ref><ref name="Sree_ON_2012"/>

When Keshav was still a teenager, his father died in a [[bubonic plague|plague]] epidemic, in 1902. Keshav was educated at Panvel, [[Kalyan, India|Kalyan]], [[Baramati]] and [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai). Outside the Bombay Presidency, he studied at the Victoria High School in [[Dewas]] ([[Central Provinces]]), and later, at the [[Calcutta University]].<ref name="Keshav_Mazhi_Jeevangatha">{{cite book | title = माझी जीवनगाथा (Mazhi Jeevangatha) | language = Marathi | author = Keshav Thackeray | url = http://www.prabodhankar.com/sites/default/files/1_16prakaran.pdf | access-date = 7 September 2012 }}</ref> He finally settled in Bombay.

== Social and Political activism ==

Keshav Thackeray's own [[CKP]] caste ranked just next to the [[Brahmins]] in the caste hierarchy, but he refused to accept this old social hierarchy.<ref>{{cite book | author=Vaibhav Purandare | title=Bal Thackeray and the rise of Shiv Sena | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JS1hBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT34 | access-date=2 June 2018 | date=27 February 2013 | publisher= Roli Books|page=34| isbn=9788174369918 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=Communal Identity in India: Its Construction and Articulation in the Twentieth Century | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ZtztAAAAIAAJ&q=chandraseniya |author= Bidyut Chakrabarty |year= 2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=138|isbn = 9780195663303|quote= Of the six groups, four are Brahmins; one is high non-Brahmin caste, Chandraseniya Kayashth Prabhu (CKP), ranking next only to the Brahmins; and the other is a cultivating caste, Maratha (MK), belonging to the middle level of the hierarchy.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | title = The American Economic Review – Volume 96, Issues 3–4 |page = 1228 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RC6yAAAAIAAJ&q=pathare|publisher = Nashville, Tenn. American Economic Association | year=2006 |quote= High castes include all the Brahmin jatis, as well as a few other elite jatis (CKP and Pathare Prabhus).Low castes include formerly untouchable and backward castes (Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Castes, as defined by the government of India). Medium castes are drawn mostly from the cultivator jatis, such as the Marathas and the Kunbis, as well as other traditional vocations that were not considered to be ritually impure.}}</ref> He is often described as a social activist or social reformer for his rejection of caste system.<ref name="Quack2011">{{cite book | author=Johannes Quack | title=Disenchanting India:Organized Rationalism and Criticism of Religion in India: Organized Rationalism and Criticism of Religion in India | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=55wFpydSZ8oC&pg=PA263 | access-date=1 September 2012 | date=22 November 2011 | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=978-0-19-981260-8 | pages=263–}}</ref>

When the prominent Marathi historian [[Vishwanath Kashinath Rajwade|VK Rajwade]] the upper-caste [[Kshatriya]] status claimed by the [[Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu]] (CKP) caste in a 1916 essay, Thackeray became one of his fiercest critics, and denounced his research as casteist.<ref name="Prachi2007">{{cite book | author=Prachi Deshpande | title=Creative Pasts: Historical Memory And Identity in Western India, 1700–1960 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U5FdJnnDhSwC&pg=PA181 | access-date=1 September 2012 | year=2007 | publisher=Columbia University Press | isbn=978-0-231-12486-7 | pages=181–}}</ref> He wrote a text outlining the identity of the CKP caste, and its contributions to the [[Maratha empire]]. In this text, ''Gramanyachya Sadhyant Itihas'', Thackeray talked about the discrimination suffered by other communities at the hands of the Brahmins during the Maratha rule.<ref name="Rao2009">{{cite book | author=Anupama Rao | title=The Caste Question: Dalits and the Politics of Modern India | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tDRiJ3HZVPQC&pg=PA304 | access-date=1 September 2012 | date=13 October 2009 | publisher=University of California Press | isbn=978-0-520-25761-0 | pages=304–}}</ref> He was not much concerned about the ritual caste status, but sought to prove that many non-Brahmin communities (specifically the CKPs) had played a major role in the history of the Maratha empire. He wrote that the CKPs "provided the cement" for [[Shivaji]]'s [[swaraj]] (self-rule) "with their blood", and supported him even before the Kshatriyas of [[Rajput]] origin joined him.<ref name="Prachi2007"/> Thackeray also replied to him in the Marathi book ''Kodandache Tanatkar'' (1918). Thackeray was supported in his defence by another writer Keshav Trimbak Gupte who replied to Rajwade in his [[sanskrit]] and Marathi book ''Rajwadyanchi Gagabhatti''(1919) in which he produced verbatim the letters written by the [[Shankaracharya]] in 1830 formally endorsing the CKPs Kshatriya status by referring to them as ''Chandraseniya Kshatriyas'' and letters from [[Varanasi|Banares]] Brahmins (1779, 1801) and [[Pune]] Brahmins ratified by [[Bajirao II]] himself in 1796 that gave them privilege over the [[Vedas]].<ref name="MiltonWagle">{{cite book|title=Religion and Society in Maharashtra|editor=Milton Israel and N.K.Wagle|publisher=Center for South Asian Studies, University of Toronto, Canada|year= 1987|quote= page 173:''Rajvadyanchi Gagabhatti'' appendix 4, pp-1-21. The Shankaracharya's letter contains three documents which he produces verbatim, two from Banares Brahmins (1779, 1801) proving the CKPs vedokta and one from Pune Brahmins award Ratified by Bajirav II in 1796...page 170: The sankaracharya in his 1827 and november 1830 letter cites the sastric support for the kshatriyahood of the ckps:[names of many religious scriptures]. His trump card is the [name/section names of religious scriptures] where the CKP are explicitly referred to as 'Chandraseniya Kshatriyas'}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title= Studies in Modern Indian History: A Regional Survey|publisher= Institute of Historical studies, Calcutta|author= Siba Pada Sen|page= 82|quote= Sitaram Thakare replied to him in a virulent language in his Kodandache Tanatkar (1918). A similar work was done by K.T.Gupte who replied to Rajwade in his Rajwadyanchi Gagabhatti (1919)}}</ref>

Prabodhankar with his followers would ridicule the social evil of [[dowry]] by having a fake marriage procession, wearing entirely black, and following a donkey with a wedding head-band carrying the message, ''A person taking dowry is going for a marriage.'' Some Brahmins sued him for his anti-dowry demonstrations but the British Judge supported him by asking: 'Why is the police harassing Prabodhankar when he is fighting for a good cause?'<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/jul/08thack.htm|title=Thackeray goes down memory lane, and longs for gutsy leadership|access-date=2 June 2018|year=2008}}</ref>

Keshav Thackeray played an important role in the [[Samyukta Maharashtra]] movement aimed at establishing the linguistic state of [[Maharashtra]].<ref name="Prakash2010">{{cite book | author=Gyan Prakash | title=Mumbai Fables | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OlN6y5-ZLJMC&pg=PA228 | access-date=1 September 2012 | date=21 September 2010 | publisher=Princeton University Press | isbn=978-0-691-14284-5 | pages=228–}}</ref> He joined the movement in 1951, demanding the inclusion of the [[Dang District, India|Dang district]] in Maharashtra instead of neighbouring [[Gujarat]] state. He was one of the founding members of the [[Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti]], which campaigned for the formation of Maharashtra and the inclusion of [[Belgaum]] and [[Mumbai]] in it.

== Literary career ==

Keshav Thackeray wrote in the [[Marathi language]]. He started a fortnightly magazine named ''Prabodhan'' ("Enlighten"), which is the origin of his pen name Prabodhankar.<ref name="JM_2001"/> His other [[Marathi language]] works include the following:

; Autobiography
* Mazhi Jeevangatha ("My autobiography")

; Historical research
* ''Pratapsingh Chhatrapati and Rango Bapuji''
* ''Gramanyachya Sadhyant Itihas Arthat Nokarashiche Banda'' (A Comprehensive History of Rebellion or the Revolt of the Bureaucrats),<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/thackeray-family-traces-origin-to-bihar-says-new-book/article29424604.ece|title=Thackeray family traces origin to Bihar, says new book|last=Hebbar|first=Nistula|date=2019-09-16|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-09-16|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> published by Yashwant Shivram Raje in 1919, at Mumbai
* ''Bhikshushahiche Band''
* ''Kodandacha Tanatkar''

; Opinion
* ''Dagalbaaj Shivaji''
* ''[[Devalacha dharma aani dharmaachi devale]]''

; Translation
* {{transl|hi|Hindu janancha rhaas aani adhapaat}}
* ''Shanimahatmya''
* ''Shetkaryanche Swarajya'' (The self-rule of the farmers)

; Plays
* ''Khara Brahman''
* ''Sangeet Vidhinishedh''
* ''Taklele Por''
* ''Sangeet Seetashuddhi''

; Biographies
* ''Shri Sant Gadgebaba''
* ''Pandit Ramabai Saraswati''

; Collected Articles
* ''Uth Marathya Uth'' (Arise Marathi People Arise; This is a collection of his 12 articles which appeared in the weekly 'Marmik', following the establishment of [[Shiv Sena]], first published in 1973, it will be published again in 2013 by 'Navta Book World')

== Personal life ==

Keshav Thackeray's wife was Ramabai Thackeray, who died around 1943. He had 8 children: [[Bal Thackeray]], Shrikant Thackeray (father of [[Raj Thackeray]]), Ramesh Thackeray, Prabhavati (Pama) Tipnis, Sarla Gadkari, Susheela Gupte, Sanjeevani Karandikar, and Sudha Sule. Prabodhankar Thackeray also had two brothers named Vinayakrao Thackeray and Yeshwant Thackeray.

==Accolades==
Maharashtra Chief Minister [[Devendra Fadnavis]] unveiled a portrait of Prabodhankar inside the hall at BMC, which he said was long overdue.
Fadnavis said "Prabodhankar Ji fought against all the odds when the society was in the grip of illiteracy, untouchability, superstitions, and created an atmosphere of public opinion against these social evils". His grandson [[Uddhav Thackeray]] also outlined the social reformist contributions by his grandfather in the abolishing of child marriage, untouchability and enabling women empowerment.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/maha-cm-unveils-prabodhankar-thackeray-s-portrait-at-bmc-hq-117010200873_1.html|title=Maha CM unveils Prabodhankar Thackeray's portrait at BMC HQ|access-date=2 June 2018|year=2017}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Portal|Biography|India|Literature
}}
* {{Official website|http://www.prabodhankar.org/node/11|name=Works of Prabodhankar Thackeray}} {{In lang|mr}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thackeray, Prabondhankar}}
[[Category:Bal Thackeray]]
[[Category:Marathi-language writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:People from Raigad district]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:1973 deaths]]
[[Category:Politicians from Mumbai]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biographers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:Thackeray family (Maharashtra)]]
[[Category:Writers about activism and social change]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian male writers]]

Prabodhankar Thackeray - Revision history

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

->Suonii180: Removed unknown parameter from infobox

imported>Dawnpope: Many edits of category, portal and official website.