Prabalgad - Revision history

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2022-10-02T14:41:26Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 20:11, 2 October 2022
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	== Geography ==		== Geography ==

	Prabalgad lies on the ~~prabal~~ plateau between Matheran and Panvel and can be easily spotted from the Mumbai-Pune expressway. The [[Ulhas River]] runs to the east of the fort while the "Gadhi River" runs to the west. The [[Patalganga River]] is to the south.		Prabalgad lies on the Prabal plateau between Matheran and Panvel and can be easily spotted from the Mumbai-Pune expressway. The [[Ulhas River]] runs to the east of the fort while the "Gadhi River" runs to the west. The [[Patalganga River]] is to the south.

	The forts of [[Chanderi]] and Peb are to the west. The [[Manikgad]] Fort is to the south while the [[Karnala fort]] is located towards the north.		The forts of Chanderi and Peb are to the west. The Manikgad Fort is to the south while the [[Karnala fort]] is located towards the north.

	[[Kalavantin Durg]] is a 685m high pinnacle on the northern edge of the Prabal plateau. It is located near the Machi and near the Vajepur village.<ref name="Kapadia2004">{{cite book\|author=Harish Kapadia\|title=Trek the Sahyadris\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oICZM5HKRbAC&pg=PA58\|date=1 March 2004\|publisher=Indus Publishing\|isbn=978-81-7387-151-1\|pages=57–58}}</ref>		[[Kalavantin Durg]] is a 685m high pinnacle on the northern edge of the Prabal plateau. It is located near the Machi and near the Vajepur village.<ref name="Kapadia2004">{{cite book\|author=Harish Kapadia\|title=Trek the Sahyadris\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oICZM5HKRbAC&pg=PA58\|date=1 March 2004\|publisher=Indus Publishing\|isbn=978-81-7387-151-1\|pages=57–58}}</ref>

UpdateBot at 09:57, 1 July 2022

2022-07-01T09:57:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:27, 1 July 2022
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			{{Short description\|Fort in India}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2017}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2017}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2017}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2017}}
	{{Infobox military ~~structure~~		{{Infobox military installation
	\| name = Prabalgad		\| name = Prabalgad
	\| native_name = प्रबळगड		\| native_name = प्रबळगड
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	\| height =		\| height =
	\| ownership = Government of India		\| ownership = Government of India
	\| controlledby = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg\|border\|33x30px]] [[Maratha Empire]] (1657) <br>{{flagicon\|India}} [[Government of India]] (1947-)		\| controlledby = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg\|border\|33x30px]] [[Maratha Empire]] (1657) <br />{{flagicon\|India}} [[Government of India]] (1947-)
	}}		}}

	'''Prabalgad''' (also known as '''Muranjan''', '''Pradhangad''' or '''Prabalmachi''') is a fort located between [[Matheran]] and [[Panvel]] and comes under the [[Raigad District]] in the state of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].		'''Prabalgad''' (also known as '''Muranjan''', '''Pradhangad''' or '''Prabalmachi''') is a fort located between [[Matheran]] and [[Panvel]] and comes under the [[Raigad District]] in the state of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].

	The Prabalgad Fort stands at an elevation of {{Convert\|2300\|feet}} in the [[Western Ghats]]. The fort was previously known as ''Muranjan'' until it was taken over and renamed by the [[Maratha]] forces under [[Shivaji]]'s rule.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Chhatrapati Sambhaji\|author=Kamal Shrikrishna Gokhale\|year=1978\|publisher=Navakamal Publications\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=43gBAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> Its sister fort is [[Irshalgad]].<ref name=Offbeat>{{cite book \| title=Offbeat Tracks in Maharashtra \| publisher=Popular Prakashan \| author=Gunaji, Milind \| year=2010 \| pages=50–52 \| isbn=9788179915783}}</ref> Right next to Prabalgad, to its north, lies the steep [[Kalavantin Durg\|Kalavantin pinnacle]].		The Prabalgad Fort stands at an elevation of {{Convert\|2300\|feet}} in the [[Western Ghats]]. The fort was previously known as ''Muranjan'' until it was taken over and renamed by the [[Maratha]] forces under [[Chatrapati Shivaji]]'s rule.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Chhatrapati Sambhaji\|author=Kamal Shrikrishna Gokhale\|year=1978\|publisher=Navakamal Publications\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=43gBAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> Its sister fort is [[Irshalgad]].<ref name=Offbeat>{{cite book \| title=Offbeat Tracks in Maharashtra \| publisher=Popular Prakashan \| author=Gunaji, Milind \| year=2010 \| pages=50–52 \| isbn=9788179915783}}</ref> Right next to Prabalgad, to its north, lies the steep [[Kalavantin Durg\|Kalavantin pinnacle]].

	== History ==		== History ==

	The Prabalgad Fort was built by the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] to keep an eye on the [[Karnala Fort\|Panvel Fort]] and the [[Durgadi Fort\|Kalyan Fort]] in the North Konkan area.{{cn\|date=September 2019}} Around 1458 A.D, "Malik Ahmad" the prime minister of the kingdom of Ahmednagar, took over the fort during his conquest of Konkan.<ref>{{cite book\|title=The Kingdom of Ahmadnagar\|author=Radhey Shyam\|year=1966\|isbn=978-81-208-2651-9\|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publisher\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5C4hBqKdkEsC\|page=28}}</ref>{{verification ~~failed~~\|date=September 2019}} After disintegration of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]], the fort remained with the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]].		The Prabalgad Fort was built by the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] to keep an eye on the [[Karnala Fort\|Panvel Fort]] and the [[Durgadi Fort\|Kalyan Fort]] in the North Konkan area.{{citation needed\|date=September 2019}} Around 1458 A.D, "Malik Ahmad" the prime minister of the kingdom of Ahmednagar, took over the fort during his conquest of Konkan.<ref>{{cite book\|title=The Kingdom of Ahmadnagar\|author=Radhey Shyam\|year=1966\|isbn=978-81-208-2651-9\|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publisher\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5C4hBqKdkEsC\|page=28}}</ref>{{failed verification\|date=September 2019}} After disintegration of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]], the fort remained with the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]].

	During the collapse of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]], [[Shahaji]] led a helping hand against the separate forces of the [[Mughal Empire]] and the [[Adil Shahi dynasty]]. After the collapse of the Sultanate, he moved to Muranjan along with his wife [[Jijabai]] and son [[Shivaji]] for a brief period of time.		During the collapse of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]], [[Shahaji]] led a helping hand against the separate forces of the [[Mughal Empire]] and the [[Adil Shahi dynasty]]. After the collapse of the Sultanate, he moved to Muranjan along with his wife [[Jijabai]] and son [[Shivaji]] for a brief period of time.

	However, following [[Shahaji]]'s defeat and the agreement of [[Mahuli]], North Konkan along with the fort, was ceded to Mughals who granted ruling authority of the area to Adilshah of [[Bijapur]].<ref>{{cite book \| title=The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies , Volumes 7-9 \| publisher=Institute of Historical Studies \| year=1968 \| pages=187}}</ref> Shivaji conquered the fort from the Mughals in 1657 A.D, after which he established himself in the [[Kalyan, India\|Kalyan]]-[[Bhivandi]] area.<ref name="new history">{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vXEfAAAAIAAJ&q~~=Prabalgad&dq~~=Prabalgad \| title=New History of the Marathas: Shivaji and his line (1600-1707) \| publisher=Phoenix Publications \| author=Govind Sakharam Sardesai \| year=1957 \| pages=115}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2um1AAAAIAAJ&q~~=Prabalgad&dq~~=Prabalgad \| title=Life of Shivaji, founder of the Maratha Empire , Volume 1 \| publisher=Sunita Publications \| author=Nilkant Sadashiv Takakhav, Kr̥shṇarāva Arjuna Keḷūsakara \| year=1985 \| pages=226–227}}</ref>		However, following [[Shahaji]]'s defeat and the agreement of [[Mahuli]], North Konkan along with the fort, was ceded to Mughals who granted ruling authority of the area to Adilshah of [[Bijapur]].<ref>{{cite book \| title=The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies , Volumes 7-9 \| publisher=Institute of Historical Studies \| year=1968 \| pages=187}}</ref> Shivaji conquered the fort from the Mughals in 1657 A.D, after which he established himself in the [[Kalyan, India\|Kalyan]]-[[Bhivandi]] area.<ref name="new history">{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vXEfAAAAIAAJ&q=Prabalgad \| title=New History of the Marathas: Shivaji and his line (1600-1707) \| publisher=Phoenix Publications \| author=Govind Sakharam Sardesai \| year=1957 \| pages=115}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2um1AAAAIAAJ&q=Prabalgad \| title=Life of Shivaji, founder of the Maratha Empire , Volume 1 \| publisher=Sunita Publications \| author=Nilkant Sadashiv Takakhav, Kr̥shṇarāva Arjuna Keḷūsakara \| year=1985 \| pages=226–227}}</ref>

	During the attack by Shivaji, the fort was governed by "Kesar Singh", a Mughal sardar, and was the only fort to put up a strong resistance. Singh died during the battle in October 1657.<ref name="new history"/><ref>{{cite book\| title= Shivaji and the Maratha art of war\|author=Murlidhar Balkrishna Deopujari\|year=1973\|publisher=Vidarbha Samshodhan Mandal\|page=61\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF8MAAAAIAAJ}}</ref> Kesar Singh's mother hid herself and her grandchild during the attack. Shivaji, in an act of kindness made sure the lady and the child were allowed a safe passage out.<ref>{{cite book \| title=Shivaji: The Portrait of a Patriot \| publisher=Orient Longmans \| author=V. B. Kulkarni \| year=1963 \| pages=46}}</ref><ref name=mumbaimirror>{{cite web\|title=Prabalgad – Glory at its best\|author=Ambika Sharma\|url=http://m.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?Page=article&sectname=Travel%20-%20Quick%20Trip&sectid=127&contentid=200904062009040613232881192e4a8f0\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130924144107/http://m.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?Page=article&sectname=Travel%20-%20Quick%20Trip&sectid=127&contentid=200904062009040613232881192e4a8f0\|archive-date=24 September 2013\|df=dmy-all}}</ref>		During the attack by Shivaji, the fort was governed by "Kesar Singh", a Mughal sardar, and was the only fort to put up a strong resistance. Singh died during the battle in October 1657.<ref name="new history"/><ref>{{cite book\| title= Shivaji and the Maratha art of war\|author=Murlidhar Balkrishna Deopujari\|year=1973\|publisher=Vidarbha Samshodhan Mandal\|page=61\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF8MAAAAIAAJ}}</ref> Kesar Singh's mother hid herself and her grandchild during the attack. Shivaji, in an act of kindness made sure the lady and the child were allowed a safe passage out.<ref>{{cite book \| title=Shivaji: The Portrait of a Patriot \| publisher=Orient Longmans \| author=V. B. Kulkarni \| year=1963 \| pages=46}}</ref><ref name=mumbaimirror>{{cite web\|title=Prabalgad – Glory at its best\|author=Ambika Sharma\|url=http://m.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?Page=article&sectname=Travel%20-%20Quick%20Trip&sectid=127&contentid=200904062009040613232881192e4a8f0\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130924144107/http://m.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?Page=article&sectname=Travel%20-%20Quick%20Trip&sectid=127&contentid=200904062009040613232881192e4a8f0\|archive-date=24 September 2013\|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

	In the year 1826, [[Umaji Naik]], a freedom fighter and his associates were believed to have made the fort as their home for a brief period of time. {{citation needed\|date=July 2017}}		In the year 1826, [[Umaji Naik]], a freedom fighter and his associates were believed to have made the fort as their home for a brief period of time. {{citation needed\|date=July 2017}}
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	[[Kalavantin Durg]] is a 685m high pinnacle on the northern edge of the Prabal plateau. It is located near the Machi and near the Vajepur village.<ref name="Kapadia2004">{{cite book\|author=Harish Kapadia\|title=Trek the Sahyadris\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oICZM5HKRbAC&pg=PA58\|date=1 March 2004\|publisher=Indus Publishing\|isbn=978-81-7387-151-1\|pages=57–58}}</ref>		[[Kalavantin Durg]] is a 685m high pinnacle on the northern edge of the Prabal plateau. It is located near the Machi and near the Vajepur village.<ref name="Kapadia2004">{{cite book\|author=Harish Kapadia\|title=Trek the Sahyadris\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oICZM5HKRbAC&pg=PA58\|date=1 March 2004\|publisher=Indus Publishing\|isbn=978-81-7387-151-1\|pages=57–58}}</ref>

	===Climate===		===Climate===
	Prabalgad has a [[tropical monsoon climate]] (Am) with little to no rainfall from November to May and extremely heavy rainfall from June to September with moderately heavy showers in October.		Prabalgad has a [[tropical monsoon climate]] (Am) with little to no rainfall from November to May and extremely heavy rainfall from June to September with moderately heavy showers in October.
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	\|Nov precipitation mm=14		\|Nov precipitation mm=14
	\|Dec precipitation mm=3		\|Dec precipitation mm=3
	\|source 1 = <ref>https://en.climate-data.org/~~location~~/527203/</ref>		\|source 1 = <ref>{{Cite web\|title=Prabalgad Machi climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Prabalgad Machi weather averages - Climate-Data.org\|url=https://en.climate-data.org/asia/india/maharashtra/prabalgad-machi-527203/\|access-date=2021-12-25\|website=en.climate-data.org}}</ref>
	}}		}}

imported>Alivardi: Rv: as per MOS:HON

2021-03-20T13:47:52Z

Rv: as per MOS:HON

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox military structure
| name = Prabalgad
| native_name = प्रबळगड
| partof = maharastra
| location = [[Raigad District]], [[Maharashtra]]
| image = Prabal machi.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = [[Kalavantin Durg]] and Prabalgad
| pushpin_map =India Maharashtra#India
| pushpin_mapsize =300
| pushpin_map_caption =Shown within [[Maharashtra]]
| coordinates = {{coord|18.9734|73.2243|type:landmark_region:IN-MH|format=dms|display=inline}}
| type = Hill fort
| code =
| height =
| ownership = Government of India
| controlledby = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|33x30px]] [[Maratha Empire]] (1657) <br>{{flagicon|India}} [[Government of India]] (1947-)
}}

'''Prabalgad''' (also known as '''Muranjan''', '''Pradhangad''' or '''Prabalmachi''') is a fort located between [[Matheran]] and [[Panvel]] and comes under the [[Raigad District]] in the state of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].

The Prabalgad Fort stands at an elevation of {{Convert|2300|feet}} in the [[Western Ghats]]. The fort was previously known as ''Muranjan'' until it was taken over and renamed by the [[Maratha]] forces under [[Shivaji]]'s rule.<ref>{{cite book|title=Chhatrapati Sambhaji|author=Kamal Shrikrishna Gokhale|year=1978|publisher=Navakamal Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=43gBAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> Its sister fort is [[Irshalgad]].<ref name=Offbeat>{{cite book | title=Offbeat Tracks in Maharashtra | publisher=Popular Prakashan | author=Gunaji, Milind | year=2010 | pages=50–52 | isbn=9788179915783}}</ref> Right next to Prabalgad, to its north, lies the steep [[Kalavantin Durg|Kalavantin pinnacle]].

== History ==

The Prabalgad Fort was built by the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] to keep an eye on the [[Karnala Fort|Panvel Fort]] and the [[Durgadi Fort|Kalyan Fort]] in the North Konkan area.{{cn|date=September 2019}} Around 1458 A.D, "Malik Ahmad" the prime minister of the kingdom of Ahmednagar, took over the fort during his conquest of Konkan.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Kingdom of Ahmadnagar|author=Radhey Shyam|year=1966|isbn=978-81-208-2651-9|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publisher|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5C4hBqKdkEsC|page=28}}</ref>{{verification failed|date=September 2019}} After disintegration of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]], the fort remained with the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]].

During the collapse of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]], [[Shahaji]] led a helping hand against the separate forces of the [[Mughal Empire]] and the [[Adil Shahi dynasty]]. After the collapse of the Sultanate, he moved to Muranjan along with his wife [[Jijabai]] and son [[Shivaji]] for a brief period of time.

However, following [[Shahaji]]'s defeat and the agreement of [[Mahuli]], North Konkan along with the fort, was ceded to Mughals who granted ruling authority of the area to Adilshah of [[Bijapur]].<ref>{{cite book | title=The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies , Volumes 7-9 | publisher=Institute of Historical Studies | year=1968 | pages=187}}</ref> Shivaji conquered the fort from the Mughals in 1657 A.D, after which he established himself in the [[Kalyan, India|Kalyan]]-[[Bhivandi]] area.<ref name="new history">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vXEfAAAAIAAJ&q=Prabalgad&dq=Prabalgad | title=New History of the Marathas: Shivaji and his line (1600-1707) | publisher=Phoenix Publications | author=Govind Sakharam Sardesai | year=1957 | pages=115}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2um1AAAAIAAJ&q=Prabalgad&dq=Prabalgad | title=Life of Shivaji, founder of the Maratha Empire , Volume 1 | publisher=Sunita Publications | author=Nilkant Sadashiv Takakhav, Kr̥shṇarāva Arjuna Keḷūsakara | year=1985 | pages=226–227}}</ref>

During the attack by Shivaji, the fort was governed by "Kesar Singh", a Mughal sardar, and was the only fort to put up a strong resistance. Singh died during the battle in October 1657.<ref name="new history"/><ref>{{cite book| title= Shivaji and the Maratha art of war|author=Murlidhar Balkrishna Deopujari|year=1973|publisher=Vidarbha Samshodhan Mandal|page=61|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF8MAAAAIAAJ}}</ref> Kesar Singh's mother hid herself and her grandchild during the attack. Shivaji, in an act of kindness made sure the lady and the child were allowed a safe passage out.<ref>{{cite book | title=Shivaji: The Portrait of a Patriot | publisher=Orient Longmans | author=V. B. Kulkarni | year=1963 | pages=46}}</ref><ref name=mumbaimirror>{{cite web|title=Prabalgad – Glory at its best|author=Ambika Sharma|url=http://m.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?Page=article&sectname=Travel%20-%20Quick%20Trip&sectid=127&contentid=200904062009040613232881192e4a8f0|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130924144107/http://m.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?Page=article&sectname=Travel%20-%20Quick%20Trip&sectid=127&contentid=200904062009040613232881192e4a8f0|archive-date=24 September 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In the year 1826, [[Umaji Naik]], a freedom fighter and his associates were believed to have made the fort as their home for a brief period of time. {{citation needed|date=July 2017}}

== Geography ==

Prabalgad lies on the prabal plateau between Matheran and Panvel and can be easily spotted from the Mumbai-Pune expressway. The [[Ulhas River]] runs to the east of the fort while the "Gadhi River" runs to the west. The [[Patalganga River]] is to the south.

The forts of [[Chanderi]] and Peb are to the west. The [[Manikgad]] Fort is to the south while the [[Karnala fort]] is located towards the north.

[[Kalavantin Durg]] is a 685m high pinnacle on the northern edge of the Prabal plateau. It is located near the Machi and near the Vajepur village.<ref name="Kapadia2004">{{cite book|author=Harish Kapadia|title=Trek the Sahyadris|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oICZM5HKRbAC&pg=PA58|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=978-81-7387-151-1|pages=57–58}}</ref>
===Climate===
Prabalgad has a [[tropical monsoon climate]] (Am) with little to no rainfall from November to May and extremely heavy rainfall from June to September with moderately heavy showers in October.
{{Weather box
|width = auto
| location = Prabalgad
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan high C = 27.9
| Feb high C = 28.9
| Mar high C = 31.2
| Apr high C = 32.8
| May high C = 32.9
| Jun high C = 30.0
| Jul high C = 27.1
| Aug high C = 26.9
| Sep high C = 27.7
| Oct high C = 30.2
| Nov high C = 29.8
| Dec high C = 28.8

| Jan mean C = 21.5
| Feb mean C = 22.3
| Mar mean C = 25.0
| Apr mean C = 27.3
| May mean C = 28.3
| Jun mean C = 26.7
| Jul mean C = 24.8
| Aug mean C = 24.4
| Sep mean C = 24.6
| Oct mean C = 25.5
| Nov mean C = 23.9
| Dec mean C = 22.3
| year mean C =
| Jan low C = 15.1
| Feb low C = 15.8
| Mar low C = 18.9
| Apr low C = 21.8
| May low C = 23.7
| Jun low C = 23.4
| Jul low C = 22.5
| Aug low C = 22.0
| Sep low C = 21.6
| Oct low C = 20.9
| Nov low C = 18.1
| Dec low C = 15.8
|precipitation colour= green
|Jan precipitation mm=0
|Feb precipitation mm=0
|Mar precipitation mm=0
|Apr precipitation mm=5
|May precipitation mm=23
|Jun precipitation mm=694
|Jul precipitation mm=1983
|Aug precipitation mm=1357
|Sep precipitation mm=584
|Oct precipitation mm=119
|Nov precipitation mm=14
|Dec precipitation mm=3
|source 1 = <ref>https://en.climate-data.org/location/527203/</ref>
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|18.971193|73.225293|type:landmark|display=title}}

{{Forts in Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Forts in Raigad district]]