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	[[File:2 tanga 1643 rev.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|1643 silver ''tanga'' coin featuring a standing figure facing right with flag struck for and minted in [[Goa]] during the reign of [[John IV of Portugal\|John IV]]]]		[[File:2 tanga 1643 rev.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|1643 silver ''tanga'' coin featuring a standing figure facing right with flag struck for and minted in [[Goa]] during the reign of [[John IV of Portugal\|John IV]]]]

	The '''rupia''' was the currency of [[Portuguese India]] sometime after 1668 until 1958.<ref name="Bombay1885p22">{{cite book\|author=Asiatic Society of Bombay\|title=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bombay\|url= https://archive.org/details/journalasiatics07bombgoog\|year= 1885\|publisher= Asiatic Society of Bombay\|page =[https://archive.org/details/journalasiatics07bombgoog/page/n227 22]}}</ref> Prior to 1668, the currency unit was ''Xerafim'' (''xerafin'', ''xeraphin''). In 1666, the Portuguese administration struck a silver coin calling it double ''xerafin'' and this was declared equal to a rupia in circulation in India outside of Portuguese possessions.<ref name="Bombay1885p22"/> A ''xerafim'' was a convertible subunit of ''rupia'', and it was unique to Portuguese colonies in India. One rupia equalled two xerafims.<ref>{{cite book\|author1=George S. Cuhaj\|author2=Thomas Michael\|title=Standard Catalog of World Coins - 1801-1900\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K37CNejEk70C&pg=PA736\|year=2012\|publisher=Krause Publications\|isbn=1-4402-3085-4\|page=736}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| title=Definition of XERAFIM \| website=Merriam-Webster \| year=2017 \| url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/xerafim \| access-date=2017-09-20}}</ref>		The '''rupia''' was the currency of [[Portuguese India]] sometime after 1668 until 1958.<ref name="Bombay1885p22">{{cite book\|author=Asiatic Society of Bombay\|title=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bombay\|url= https://archive.org/details/journalasiatics07bombgoog\|year= 1885\|publisher= Asiatic Society of Bombay\|page =[https://archive.org/details/journalasiatics07bombgoog/page/n227 22]}}</ref> Prior to 1668, the currency unit was ''Xerafim'' (''xerafin'', ''xeraphin''). In 1666, the Portuguese administration struck a silver coin calling it double ''xerafin'' and this was declared equal to a rupia in circulation in India outside of Portuguese possessions.<ref name="Bombay1885p22"/> A ''xerafim'' was a convertible subunit of ''rupia'', and it was unique to Portuguese colonies in India. One rupia equalled two xerafims.<ref>{{cite book\|author1=George S. Cuhaj\|author2=Thomas Michael\|title=Standard Catalog of World Coins - 1801-1900\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K37CNejEk70C&pg=PA736\|year=2012\|publisher=Krause Publications\|isbn=978-1-4402-3085-1\|page=736}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| title=Definition of XERAFIM \| website=Merriam-Webster \| year=2017 \| url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/xerafim \| access-date=2017-09-20}}</ref>

	In decades that followed, the double ''xerafin'' came to be known in [[Goa]] and other Portuguese Indian territories simply as rupia (or Portuguese Indian rupia) was subdivided into units such as ''reis'' (''real'') and ''pardao'' that mirrored the currency terms introduced by Portuguese officials in other colonies worldwide.		In decades that followed, the double ''xerafin'' came to be known in [[Goa]] and other Portuguese Indian territories simply as rupia (or Portuguese Indian rupia) was subdivided into units such as ''reis'' (''real'') and ''pardao'' that mirrored the currency terms introduced by Portuguese officials in other colonies worldwide.

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{{short description|Currency of Portuguese India until 1958}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox Currency
| iso_code =
| using_countries = {{flag|Portuguese India}}
| image_1 =
| image_title_1 =
| inflation_rate =
| inflation_source_date =
| subunit_ratio_1 = 10/100
| subunit_name_1 = tanga
| symbol =
| pegged_with =
| used_coins =
| used_banknotes = 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 rupia
| issuing_authority_title = [[Issuing authority]]
| issuing_authority = [[Banco Nacional Ultramarino]]
| issuing_authority_website =
| replaced_by_currency = [[Portuguese Indian escudo|escudo]]
| obsolete_notice = Y
}}
[[File:2 tanga 1643 rev.jpg|thumb|200px|1643 silver ''tanga'' coin featuring a standing figure facing right with flag struck for and minted in [[Goa]] during the reign of [[John IV of Portugal|John IV]]]]

The '''rupia''' was the currency of [[Portuguese India]] sometime after 1668 until 1958.<ref name="Bombay1885p22">{{cite book|author=Asiatic Society of Bombay|title=Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bombay|url= https://archive.org/details/journalasiatics07bombgoog|year= 1885|publisher= Asiatic Society of Bombay|page =[https://archive.org/details/journalasiatics07bombgoog/page/n227 22]}}</ref> Prior to 1668, the currency unit was ''Xerafim'' (''xerafin'', ''xeraphin''). In 1666, the Portuguese administration struck a silver coin calling it double ''xerafin'' and this was declared equal to a rupia in circulation in India outside of Portuguese possessions.<ref name="Bombay1885p22"/> A ''xerafim'' was a convertible subunit of ''rupia'', and it was unique to Portuguese colonies in India. One rupia equalled two xerafims.<ref>{{cite book|author1=George S. Cuhaj|author2=Thomas Michael|title=Standard Catalog of World Coins - 1801-1900|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K37CNejEk70C&pg=PA736|year=2012|publisher=Krause Publications|isbn=1-4402-3085-4|page=736}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Definition of XERAFIM | website=Merriam-Webster | year=2017 | url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/xerafim | access-date=2017-09-20}}</ref>

In decades that followed, the double ''xerafin'' came to be known in [[Goa]] and other Portuguese Indian territories simply as rupia (or Portuguese Indian rupia) was subdivided into units such as ''reis'' (''real'') and ''pardao'' that mirrored the currency terms introduced by Portuguese officials in other colonies worldwide.

==History==
Before 1871, the rupia was subdivided into 750 ''bazarucos'', 600 ''réis'' (singular: ''real''), 20 ''pardaus'' or 10 ''tangas''. A rupia equaled two ''xerafims''. After 1871, 960 réis or 16 tangas (worth 60 réis) equalled 1 rupia. The rupia was equal in value to the [[Indian rupee]]. This meant the tanga was equal in value to the [[Indian anna]]. In 1958, the currency was replaced by the [[Portuguese Indian escudo|escudo]] at the rate of 1 rupia = 6 escudos.

==Coins==
[[Image:IPT001.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Coin of [[Portuguese India]], one rupia of 1882.]]
[[Goa]], [[Daman District, India|Damão]] and [[Diu, India|Diu]] issued their own coinages until the middle of the 19th century. Damão issued [[copper]] 3, 15, 30 and 60 réis coins until 1854 when the mint closed. Diu issued [[lead]] and [[tin]] 5 and 10 bazarucos together with tin 20 bazarucos, copper 30 and 60 réis and [[silver]] 150 and 300 réis and 1 rupia. The Diu mint closed in 1859.

[[Goa]] issued the most diverse coinage of the three mints. In addition to tin ''bastardo'', there were copper coins in denominations of 3, {{frac|4|1|2}}, 6, {{frac|7|1|2}}, 9, 10, 12 and 15 réis, {{frac|2}} and 1 tanga, silver coins for {{frac|2}} and 1 tanga, {{frac|2}} and 1 pardau, and 1 rupia, and [[gold]] 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 xerafins. The Goa mint was closed by the British in 1869.

Following the closure of the last local mint, coins were imported from Portugal beginning in 1871. This new coinage coincided with the reform of the subdivisions of the rupia. Copper coins were introduced in denominations of 3, 5, 10 and 15 réis, {{frac|2}} and 1 tanga. In 1881, copper {{frac|8}} tanga and silver {{frac|8}}, {{frac|4}}, {{frac|2}} and 1 rupia coins were introduced. Bronze replaced copper in 1901, whilst cupro-nickel 2 and 4 tangas were introduced in 1934, followed by {{frac|2}} and 1 rupia in 1947 and 1952, respectively.

==Banknotes==
[[Image:Port rupia.JPG|200px|right|Portuguese 1 Rupia, 1924]]
The first paper money issued specifically for Portuguese India was issued by the ''Junta da Fazenda Pública'' in 1882 in denominations of 10 and 20 rupias. These were followed in 1883 by notes issued by the General Government (''Governo Geral'') for 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 rupias.

In 1906, the ''[[Banco Nacional Ultramarino]]'' took over the issuance of paper money, issuing notes for 5, 10, 20 and 50 rupias. In 1917, notes were added for 4 and 8 tangas, 1 and {{frac|2|1|2}} rupias. These were the only issue of tanga denominated notes, whilst the {{frac|2|1|2}} rupia notes were issued until 1924 and the 1 rupia until 1929. 100 and 500 rupias notes were reintroduced in 1924.

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
*{{numis cite SCWC|date=1991}}
*{{numis cite SCWPM|date=1994}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Money}}
* [http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/pm_indoportuguese.aspx Indo-Portuguese Issues]

{{Rupee|state=collapsed}}
{{Historic Indian currency and coinage}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Modern obsolete currencies]]
[[Category:Historical currencies of India]]
[[Category:Portuguese India]]
[[Category:Economic history of Portugal]]
[[Category:1958 disestablishments in Portuguese India]]
[[Category:19th-century establishments in Portuguese India]]

Portuguese Indian rupia - Revision history

->Citation bot: Alter: isbn. Upgrade ISBN10 to ISBN13. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Modern obsolete currencies | #UCB_Category 251/482

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