Port of Kolkata - Revision history

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2023-08-14T13:43:20Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 19:13, 14 August 2023
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	* [[Sagar Port]]		* [[Sagar Port]]
	* [[Tajpur Port]]		* [[Tajpur Port]]
	~~{{Portal bar\|Transport\|Engineering\|India}}~~

	==References==		==References==

Bot: Removing protection template from an unprotected page

2023-07-01T20:56:10Z

Removing protection template from an unprotected page

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:26, 2 July 2023
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	{{redirect\|Kolkata Port\|the constituency\|Kolkata Port (Vidhan Sabha constituency)}}		{{redirect\|Kolkata Port\|the constituency\|Kolkata Port (Vidhan Sabha constituency)}}
	~~{{pp-move\|small=yes}}~~
	{{short description\|Port in India}}		{{short description\|Port in India}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=March 2017}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=March 2017}}

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2022-12-17T07:29:23Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 12:59, 17 December 2022
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	{{redirect\|Kolkata Port\|the constituency\|Kolkata Port (Vidhan Sabha constituency)}}		{{redirect\|Kolkata Port\|the constituency\|Kolkata Port (Vidhan Sabha constituency)}}
			{{pp-move\|small=yes}}
	{{short description\|Port in India}}		{{short description\|Port in India}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=March ~~2022~~}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=March 2017}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=March ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=March 2017}}
	{{Infobox Port		{{Infobox Port
	\| name = Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port		\| name = Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port
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	\| sizewater =		\| sizewater =
	\| sizeland =		\| sizeland =
	\| size = 4,500 acres<ref name=live>{{cite news \|title=Kolkata Port Trust to lease area as big as London Docklands \|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/oldest-india-port-looks-to-lease-area-as-big-as-london-docklands-11582677194264.html \|access-date=29 February 2020 \|publisher=www.livemint.com \|date=26 February ~~2022~~}}</ref>		\| size = 4,500 acres<ref name=live>{{cite news \|title=Kolkata Port Trust to lease area as big as London Docklands \|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/oldest-india-port-looks-to-lease-area-as-big-as-london-docklands-11582677194264.html \|access-date=29 February 2020 \|publisher=www.livemint.com \|date=26 February 2020}}</ref>
	\| berths = 34 (Kolkata)<ref>{{cite web \|title=BERTH PARTICULARS \|url=https://smportkolkata.shipping.gov.in/showfile.php?layout=2&lang=1&lid=86 \|access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref><br/> 17 (Haldia)<ref>{{cite web \|title=Terminals \|url=https://smportkolkata.shipping.gov.in/index1.php?layout=3&lang=1&level=2&sublinkid=2690&lid=44 \|access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref>		\| berths = 34 (Kolkata)<ref>{{cite web \|title=BERTH PARTICULARS \|url=https://smportkolkata.shipping.gov.in/showfile.php?layout=2&lang=1&lid=86 \|access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref><br/> 17 (Haldia)<ref>{{cite web \|title=Terminals \|url=https://smportkolkata.shipping.gov.in/index1.php?layout=3&lang=1&level=2&sublinkid=2690&lid=44 \|access-date=21 December 2021}}</ref>
	\| wharfs = 86		\| wharfs = 86
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	\| arrivals = 3670 (2017–18)<ref name=t/><ref name=cargoKoPT/>		\| arrivals = 3670 (2017–18)<ref name=t/><ref name=cargoKoPT/>
	\| cargotonnage = 63.983 million tonnes<small>(2019–20)</small><ref name="spm, kolkata">{{cite web \|title=SYAMA PRASAD MOOKERJEE PORT (SMP), KOLKATA ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT FOR THE YEAR 2019-2020 \|url=https://smportkolkata.shipping.gov.in/showfile.php?layout=1&lang=1&lid=4547 \|access-date=9 March 2021}}</ref><ref name=t>{{cite news \| url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/shipping-/-transport/top-ports-record-marginal-upswing-in-fy19-cargo-handling-at-699-mt/articleshow/68761143.cms?from=mdr\|title=Top ports record marginal upswing in FY19 cargo handling at 699 MT\|date= 7 April 2019 \|access-date = 7 January 2020 \| publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref name=cargoKoPT>{{cite web \|url=http://www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in/index1.php?layout=2&lang=1&level=1&sublinkid=83&lid=124 \|title=Kolkata Port Trust - Cargo Statistics \|access-date = 13 June 2017 \| publisher=Kolkata Port Trust}}</ref>		\| cargotonnage = 63.983 million tonnes<small>(2019–20)</small><ref name="spm, kolkata">{{cite web \|title=SYAMA PRASAD MOOKERJEE PORT (SMP), KOLKATA ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT FOR THE YEAR 2019-2020 \|url=https://smportkolkata.shipping.gov.in/showfile.php?layout=1&lang=1&lid=4547 \|access-date=9 March 2021}}</ref><ref name=t>{{cite news \| url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/shipping-/-transport/top-ports-record-marginal-upswing-in-fy19-cargo-handling-at-699-mt/articleshow/68761143.cms?from=mdr\|title=Top ports record marginal upswing in FY19 cargo handling at 699 MT\|date= 7 April 2019 \|access-date = 7 January 2020 \| publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref name=cargoKoPT>{{cite web \|url=http://www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in/index1.php?layout=2&lang=1&level=1&sublinkid=83&lid=124 \|title=Kolkata Port Trust - Cargo Statistics \|access-date = 13 June 2017 \| publisher=Kolkata Port Trust}}</ref>
	\| containervolume = 8,44,762 <small>(2019–20)</small><ref name="spm, kolkata"/><ref>{{cite news\|publisher= Business Line\| title=Containers handled at major ports up 8% at 9.876 million TEUs in FY19\| date=3 April 2019\| access-date=7 January 2020\| url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/containers-handled-at-major-ports-up-8-at-9876-million-teus-in-fy19/article26719290.ece}}</ref>[[Twenty-foot equivalent unit\|TEUs]]<small></small><ref name="JOC">{{cite web \| url = http://www.joc.com/port-news/asian-ports/port-nhava-sheva/india’s-major-ports-see-67-percent-growth-container-volumes_20150407.html \| title = India's major ports see 6.7 percent growth in container volumes \| publisher = JOC.co \| date = 7 April 2015\| access-date = 27 June ~~2022~~}}</ref>		\| containervolume = 8,44,762 <small>(2019–20)</small><ref name="spm, kolkata"/><ref>{{cite news\|publisher= Business Line\| title=Containers handled at major ports up 8% at 9.876 million TEUs in FY19\| date=3 April 2019\| access-date=7 January 2020\| url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/containers-handled-at-major-ports-up-8-at-9876-million-teus-in-fy19/article26719290.ece}}</ref>[[Twenty-foot equivalent unit\|TEUs]]<small></small><ref name="JOC">{{cite web \| url = http://www.joc.com/port-news/asian-ports/port-nhava-sheva/india’s-major-ports-see-67-percent-growth-container-volumes_20150407.html \| title = India's major ports see 6.7 percent growth in container volumes \| publisher = JOC.co \| date = 7 April 2015\| access-date = 27 June 2015}}</ref>
	\| cargovalue =		\| cargovalue =
	\| passengertraffic = 20,396 <small>(2016–17)</small><ref name=passengerKoPT>{{cite web \|url=http://www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in/showfile.php?layout=2&lang=1&lid=1288 \|title=Passenger Traffic at Kolkata Port \|access-date = 18 January 2019\| publisher=Kolkata Port Trust}}</ref>		\| passengertraffic = 20,396 <small>(2016–17)</small><ref name=passengerKoPT>{{cite web \|url=http://www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in/showfile.php?layout=2&lang=1&lid=1288 \|title=Passenger Traffic at Kolkata Port \|access-date = 18 January 2019\| publisher=Kolkata Port Trust}}</ref>
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	\| locode = INCCU<ref name="Locode-1">{{cite web \|title=UN/LOCODE (IN) India \|url=https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/cefact/locode/in.htm		\| locode = INCCU<ref name="Locode-1">{{cite web \|title=UN/LOCODE (IN) India \|url=https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/cefact/locode/in.htm
	\|website=www.unece.org		\|website=www.unece.org
	\|access-date=11 Sep ~~2022~~}}</ref>		\|access-date=11 Sep 2020}}</ref>
	}}		}}

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	After slavery was abolished in 1833, there was a high demand for labourers on sugar cane plantations in the British Empire. From 1838 to 1917, the British used this port to ship off over half a million Indians from all over India — mostly from the [[Hindi Belt]] (especially [[Bhojpuri region\|Bhojpur]] and [[Awadh]]) — and take them to places across the world, such as [[Mauritius]], [[Fiji]], [[South Africa]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Guyana]], [[Suriname]], and other [[Caribbean]] islands as [[indentured servitude\|indentured labourers]]. There are millions of [[Mauritians of Indian origin\|Indo-Mauritian]]s, [[Indians in Fiji\|Indo-Fijian]]s, and [[Indo-Caribbeans\|Indo-Caribbean]] people in the world today.		After slavery was abolished in 1833, there was a high demand for labourers on sugar cane plantations in the British Empire. From 1838 to 1917, the British used this port to ship off over half a million Indians from all over India — mostly from the [[Hindi Belt]] (especially [[Bhojpuri region\|Bhojpur]] and [[Awadh]]) — and take them to places across the world, such as [[Mauritius]], [[Fiji]], [[South Africa]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Guyana]], [[Suriname]], and other [[Caribbean]] islands as [[indentured servitude\|indentured labourers]]. There are millions of [[Mauritians of Indian origin\|Indo-Mauritian]]s, [[Indians in Fiji\|Indo-Fijian]]s, and [[Indo-Caribbeans\|Indo-Caribbean]] people in the world today.

	As Kolkata grew in size and importance, merchants in the city demanded the setting up of a port trust in 1863. The colonial government formed a River Trust in 1866, but it soon failed, and administration was again taken up by the government. Finally, in 1870, the Calcutta Port Act (Act V of 1870) was passed, creating the offices of Calcutta Port Commissioners. In 1869 and 1870, eight jetties were built on the Strand. A wet dock was set up at Khidirpur in 1892. The Khidirpur Dock II was completed in 1902. As cargo traffic at the port grew, so did the requirement of more kerosene, leading to the building of a petroleum wharf at Budge Budge in 1896. In 1925, the Garden Reach jetty was added to accommodate greater cargo traffic. A new dock, named King George's Dock, was commissioned in 1928 (it was renamed Netaji Subhash Dock in 1973).<ref name="indianexpress.com" />[[Image:Calcutta 1852.jpg\|thumb\|View of the Calcutta port in 1852\|alt=\|220x220px]]Though the port was conceived to be a commercial port and gateway of [[East India\|eastern India]], the port played a very important role in the [[World War II\|Second World War]]. It was bombed<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2018-12-20\|title=76 years of Japanese bombing in Kolkata: How World War II almost destroyed the city\|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/76-years-of-japanese-bombing-in-kolkata-how-world-war-ii-almost-destroyed-the-city/1419989/\|access-date=2020-06-16\|website=The Financial Express\|language=en-US}}</ref> twice by the [[Imperial Japanese Army\|Japanese forces]]. After [[independence of India\|independence]], the Commissioners for the Port of Kolkata were responsible for the port till January 1975 when Major Port Trusts Act, 1963, came into force. The Port is now run by a Board of Trustees having representatives from the Government, Trade Bodies, various Port Users, Labour Unions and some nominated members. On 12 January 2020, the port was renamed to Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] on the occasion of 150 years of operation of Kolkata Port at [[Netaji Indoor Stadium]].<ref name="NDTV rename 12 Jan">{{cite news \|title="Kolkata Port Trust Renamed As Dr Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port": PM Modi \|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-modi-renames-kolkata-port-trust-as-dr-shyama-prasad-mukherjee-port-2162722 \|access-date=12 January 2020 \|work=NDTV.com \|date=12 January ~~2022~~}}</ref>		As Kolkata grew in size and importance, merchants in the city demanded the setting up of a port trust in 1863. The colonial government formed a River Trust in 1866, but it soon failed, and administration was again taken up by the government. Finally, in 1870, the Calcutta Port Act (Act V of 1870) was passed, creating the offices of Calcutta Port Commissioners. In 1869 and 1870, eight jetties were built on the Strand. A wet dock was set up at Khidirpur in 1892. The Khidirpur Dock II was completed in 1902. As cargo traffic at the port grew, so did the requirement of more kerosene, leading to the building of a petroleum wharf at Budge Budge in 1896. In 1925, the Garden Reach jetty was added to accommodate greater cargo traffic. A new dock, named King George's Dock, was commissioned in 1928 (it was renamed Netaji Subhash Dock in 1973).<ref name="indianexpress.com" />[[Image:Calcutta 1852.jpg\|thumb\|View of the Calcutta port in 1852\|alt=\|220x220px]]Though the port was conceived to be a commercial port and gateway of [[East India\|eastern India]], the port played a very important role in the [[World War II\|Second World War]]. It was bombed<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2018-12-20\|title=76 years of Japanese bombing in Kolkata: How World War II almost destroyed the city\|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/76-years-of-japanese-bombing-in-kolkata-how-world-war-ii-almost-destroyed-the-city/1419989/\|access-date=2020-06-16\|website=The Financial Express\|language=en-US}}</ref> twice by the [[Imperial Japanese Army\|Japanese forces]]. After [[independence of India\|independence]], the Commissioners for the Port of Kolkata were responsible for the port till January 1975 when Major Port Trusts Act, 1963, came into force. The Port is now run by a Board of Trustees having representatives from the Government, Trade Bodies, various Port Users, Labour Unions and some nominated members. On 12 January 2020, the port was renamed to Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] on the occasion of 150 years of operation of Kolkata Port at [[Netaji Indoor Stadium]].<ref name="NDTV rename 12 Jan">{{cite news \|title="Kolkata Port Trust Renamed As Dr Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port": PM Modi \|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-modi-renames-kolkata-port-trust-as-dr-shyama-prasad-mukherjee-port-2162722 \|access-date=12 January 2020 \|work=NDTV.com \|date=12 January 2020}}</ref>
	[[File:Old Port.gif\|thumb\|An image of the old port of Kolkata.\|alt=\|220x220px]]		[[File:Old Port.gif\|thumb\|An image of the old port of Kolkata.\|alt=\|220x220px]]
	The port is part of the [[21st Century Maritime Silk Road]] that runs from the Chinese coast via the [[Suez Canal]] to the Mediterranean, there to the Upper Adriatic region of [[Trieste]] with its rail connections to [[Central Europe\|Central]] and [[Eastern Europe]].<ref>[https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/kolkata-lone-indian-link-in-china-s-mega-maritime-silk-road-115032800744_1.html Kolkata - lone Indian link in China's mega Maritime Silk Road]</ref><ref>[https://www.asiainglobalaffairs.in/reflections/the-great-maritime-game/ The Great Maritime Game]</ref><ref>[https://www.globalasia.org/v10no3/cover/indias-take-on-chinas-silk-road-ambivalence-with-lurking-worries_gareth-price India’s Take on China’s Silk Road: Ambivalence With Lurking Worries]</ref>		The port is part of the [[21st Century Maritime Silk Road]] that runs from the Chinese coast via the [[Suez Canal]] to the Mediterranean, there to the Upper Adriatic region of [[Trieste]] with its rail connections to [[Central Europe\|Central]] and [[Eastern Europe]].<ref>[https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/kolkata-lone-indian-link-in-china-s-mega-maritime-silk-road-115032800744_1.html Kolkata - lone Indian link in China's mega Maritime Silk Road]</ref><ref>[https://www.asiainglobalaffairs.in/reflections/the-great-maritime-game/ The Great Maritime Game]</ref><ref>[https://www.globalasia.org/v10no3/cover/indias-take-on-chinas-silk-road-ambivalence-with-lurking-worries_gareth-price India’s Take on China’s Silk Road: Ambivalence With Lurking Worries]</ref>

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← Older revision		Revision as of 17:36, 30 January 2022
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	{{redirect\|Kolkata Port\|the constituency\|Kolkata Port (Vidhan Sabha constituency)}}		{{redirect\|Kolkata Port\|the constituency\|Kolkata Port (Vidhan Sabha constituency)}}
	~~{{pp-move\|small=yes}}~~
	{{short description\|Port in India}}		{{short description\|Port in India}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=March 2017}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=March 2017}}

imported>VNC200 at 03:16, 30 August 2021

2021-08-30T03:16:57Z

New page

{{redirect|Kolkata Port|the constituency|Kolkata Port (Vidhan Sabha constituency)}}
{{pp-move|small=yes}}
{{short description|Port in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Infobox Port
| name = Syama Prasad Mukherjee Port Trust
| image = Kolkata port Trust logo.png
| image_size =150px
| country = {{flagicon|India}} India
| location = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| coordinates ={{coord|22|32|46|N|88|18|53|E|display=inline,title}}
| opened = {{start date and age|df=yes|1870}}
| operated = Syama Prasad Mukherjee Port Trust
| owner = Syama Prasad Mukherjee Port Trust, [[Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (India)|Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways]], [[Government of India]]
| type = Coastal breakwater, riverine, large seaport
| sizewater =
| sizeland =
| size = 4,500 acres<ref name=live>{{cite news |title=Kolkata Port Trust to lease area as big as London Docklands |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/oldest-india-port-looks-to-lease-area-as-big-as-london-docklands-11582677194264.html |access-date=29 February 2020 |publisher=www.livemint.com |date=26 February 2020}}</ref>
| berths = 28 (Kolkata) 12 (Haldia)
| wharfs =86
| piers =
| employees = 3,600<ref name=live/>
| leadershiptitle =
| leader =
| blankdetailstitle1 = Official name
| blankdetails1 = Syama Prasad Mukherjee Port
| blankdetailstitle2 = Main trades
| blankdetails2 = Automobiles, motorcycles and general industrial cargo including iron ore, granite, coal, fertilizers, petroleum products, and containers '''Major exports:''' Iron ore, leather, cotton textiles '''Major imports:''' Wheat, raw cotton, machinery, iron & steel
| blankdetailstitle3 = Stacking area
| blankdetails3 = 134722 sqm
| blankdetails4 =
| arrivals = 3670 (2017-2018)<ref name=t/><ref name=cargoKoPT/>
| cargotonnage = 63.983 million tonnes(2019-2020)<ref name="spm, kolkata">{{cite web |title=SYAMA PRASAD MOOKERJEE PORT (SMP), KOLKATA ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT FOR THE YEAR 2019-2020 |url=https://smportkolkata.shipping.gov.in/showfile.php?layout=1&lang=1&lid=4547 |access-date=9 March 2021}}</ref><ref name=t>{{cite news | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/shipping-/-transport/top-ports-record-marginal-upswing-in-fy19-cargo-handling-at-699-mt/articleshow/68761143.cms?from=mdr|title=Top ports record marginal upswing in FY19 cargo handling at 699 MT|date= 7 April 2019 |access-date = 7 January 2020 | publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref name=cargoKoPT>{{cite web |url=http://www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in/index1.php?layout=2&lang=1&level=1&sublinkid=83&lid=124 |title=Kolkata Port Trust - Cargo Statistics |access-date = 13 June 2017 | publisher=Kolkata Port Trust}}</ref>
| containervolume = 8,44,762 (2019-2020)<ref name="spm, kolkata"/><ref>{{cite news|publisher= Business Line| title=Containers handled at major ports up 8% at 9.876 million TEUs in FY19| date=3 April 2019| access-date=7 January 2020| url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/containers-handled-at-major-ports-up-8-at-9876-million-teus-in-fy19/article26719290.ece}}</ref>[[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEUs]]<ref name="JOC">{{cite web | url = http://www.joc.com/port-news/asian-ports/port-nhava-sheva/india’s-major-ports-see-67-percent-growth-container-volumes_20150407.html | title = India's major ports see 6.7 percent growth in container volumes | publisher = JOC.co | date = 7 April 2015| access-date = 27 June 2015}}</ref>
| cargovalue =
| passengertraffic = 20,396 (2016-17)<ref name=passengerKoPT>{{cite web |url=http://www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in/showfile.php?layout=2&lang=1&lid=1288 |title=Passenger Traffic at Kolkata Port |access-date = 18 January 2019| publisher=Kolkata Port Trust}}</ref>
| revenue = {{INRconvert|2622|c}} (2020-2021)<ref name="T">{{cite news |title=Calcutta Port Trust posts 26% surplus hike |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/business/calcutta-port-trust-posts-26-surplus-hike/cid/1812297 |access-date=25 April 2021 |publisher=www.telegraphindia.com |date=12 April 2021}}</ref>
| profit = {{INRconvert|104|c}} (2020-2021)<ref name="T"/>
| website = {{URL|http://www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in/}}
|locode=INCCU<ref name="Locode-1">{{cite web |title=UN/LOCODE (IN) India |url=https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/cefact/locode/in.htm
|website=www.unece.org
|access-date=11 Sep 2020}}</ref>}}

'''Port of Kolkata''' or '''Kolkata Port''' ('''KoPT'''), officially known as '''Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port Trust''', is the only riverine major [[port]] of India,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Business Portal of India : Infrastructure : National Level Infrastructure : Maritime Transport : Ports|url=https://archive.india.gov.in/business/infrastructure/ports.php|access-date=2020-06-16|website=archive.india.gov.in}}</ref> located in the city of [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], around {{convert|126|mi|km|order=flip}} from the sea.<ref name="historyKoPT">{{cite web |url=http://www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in/index_new.html |title=Calcutta Port Trust - Brief History |access-date=11 February 2013 |publisher=Calcutta Port Trust |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313003421/http://www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in/index_new.html |archive-date=13 March 2007 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> It is the oldest operating port in India<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/close-to-150-years-country-s-oldest-port-staring-at-threats-from-proposed-ports-in-odisha-and-bengal/story-PjuxNUKHMZVRESwJ1zjmXO.html|title=Close to 150 years, country's oldest port staring at threats from proposed ports in Odisha and Bengal|last=Bhattacharya|first=Snigdhendu|date=2017-05-05|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2018-04-04|language=en}}</ref> and was constructed by the [[British East India Company]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-03-10/kolkata-port-plans-upgrade-to-stave-off-competition.html|title=Kolkata Port plans upgrade to stave off competition|last=Acharya|first=Shangkar|date=Mar 10, 2018|work=Kathmandu Post|access-date=2018-04-04|language=en}}</ref> Kolkata is a freshwater port with no variation in salinity.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/kolkata-port-trust-renamed-after-syama-prasad-mukherjee-announces-pm-modi/articleshow/73211842.cms |title=Kolkata Port Trust renamed after Syama Prasad Mukherjee, announces PM Modi |date=12 January 2020 |access-date=31 March 2020 |work=The Times Of India}}</ref> The port has two distinct dock systems — Kolkata Docks at Kolkata and a deep water dock at [[Haldia Dock Complex]], [[Haldia]].

In the 19th century, the Kolkata Port was the premier port in [[British Raj|British India]]. After slavery was abolished in 1833, there was a high demand for labourers on sugar cane plantations in the British Empire. From 1838 to 1917, the British used this port to ship off over half a million Indians from all over India — mostly from the [[Hindi Belt]] (especially [[Bhojpuri region|Bhojpur]] and [[Awadh]]) — and take them to places across the world, such as [[Mauritius]], [[Fiji]], [[South Africa]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Guyana]], [[Suriname]], and other [[Caribbean]] islands as [[indentured servitude|indentured labourers]]. There are millions of [[Mauritians of Indian origin|Indo-Mauritian]]s, [[Indians in Fiji|Indo-Fijian]]s, and [[Indo-Caribbeans|Indo-Caribbean]] people in the world today.

After [[independence of India|independence]], the port's importance decreased because of factors including the [[Partition of Bengal (1947)]], reduction in the size of the port [[hinterland]], and economic stagnation in [[East India|eastern India]].

It has a vast hinterland comprising the entire North East of India including [[West Bengal]], [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Assam]], North East Hill States and two landlocked neighbouring countries namely, [[Nepal]] and [[Bhutan]] and also the [[Autonomous Region of Tibet]] (China). With the turn of the century, the volume of throughput has again started increasing steadily. As of March 2018, the port is capable of processing annually 650,000 containers, mostly from Nepal, Bhutan, and India's northeastern states.<ref name=":0" />

==History==
[[File:The Old Fort, the Playhouse, Holwell's Monument from Views of Calcutta.jpg|thumb|right|The Old Fort, the Playhouse, Holwell's Monument from Views of Calcutta]]
In the early 16th century, the Portuguese first used the present location of the port to anchor their ships, since they found the upper reaches of the Hooghly river, beyond Kolkata, unsafe for navigation. Job Charnock, an employee and administrator of the [[British East India Company]], is believed to have founded a trading post at the site in 1690. Since the area was situated on the river with jungle on three sides, it was considered safe from enemy invasion. After the abolition of slavery in the British Empire in 1833, this port was used to ship lakhs of Indians as ‘indentured labourers’ to far-flung territories throughout the Empire.<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{Cite web|date=2020-01-13|title=Explained: The significance of the Kolkata port, renamed by PM Modi|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/significance-of-the-kolkata-port-renamed-by-pm-modi-6213004/|access-date=2020-06-16|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

After slavery was abolished in 1833, there was a high demand for labourers on sugar cane plantations in the British Empire. From 1838 to 1917, the British used this port to ship off over half a million Indians from all over India — mostly from the [[Hindi Belt]] (especially [[Bhojpuri region|Bhojpur]] and [[Awadh]]) — and take them to places across the world, such as [[Mauritius]], [[Fiji]], [[South Africa]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Guyana]], [[Suriname]], and other [[Caribbean]] islands as [[indentured servitude|indentured labourers]]. There are millions of [[Mauritians of Indian origin|Indo-Mauritian]]s, [[Indians in Fiji|Indo-Fijian]]s, and [[Indo-Caribbeans|Indo-Caribbean]] people in the world today.
As Kolkata grew in size and importance, merchants in the city demanded the setting up of a port trust in 1863. The colonial government formed a River Trust in 1866, but it soon failed, and administration was again taken up by the government. Finally, in 1870, the Calcutta Port Act (Act V of 1870) was passed, creating the offices of Calcutta Port Commissioners. In 1869 and 1870, eight jetties were built on the Strand. A wet dock was set up at Khidirpur in 1892. The Khidirpur Dock II was completed in 1902. As cargo traffic at the port grew, so did the requirement of more kerosene, leading to the building of a petroleum wharf at Budge Budge in 1896. In 1925, the Garden Reach jetty was added to accommodate greater cargo traffic. A new dock, named King George's Dock, was commissioned in 1928 (it was renamed Netaji Subhash Dock in 1973).<ref name="indianexpress.com" />[[Image:Calcutta 1852.jpg|thumb|View of the Calcutta port in 1852|alt=|220x220px]]Though the port was conceived to be a commercial port and gateway of [[East India|eastern India]], the port played a very important role in the [[World War II|Second World War]]. It was bombed<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-20|title=76 years of Japanese bombing in Kolkata: How World War II almost destroyed the city|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/76-years-of-japanese-bombing-in-kolkata-how-world-war-ii-almost-destroyed-the-city/1419989/|access-date=2020-06-16|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref> twice by the [[Imperial Japanese Army|Japanese forces]]. After [[independence of India|independence]], the Commissioners for the Port of Kolkata were responsible for the port till January 1975 when Major Port Trusts Act, 1963, came into force. The Port is now run by a Board of Trustees having representatives from the Government, Trade Bodies, various Port Users, Labour Unions and some nominated members. On 12 January 2020, the port was renamed to Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] on the occasion of 150 years of operation of Kolkata Port at [[Netaji Indoor Stadium]].<ref name="NDTV rename 12 Jan">{{cite news |title="Kolkata Port Trust Renamed As Dr Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port": PM Modi |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-modi-renames-kolkata-port-trust-as-dr-shyama-prasad-mukherjee-port-2162722 |access-date=12 January 2020 |work=NDTV.com |date=12 January 2020}}</ref>
[[File:Old Port.gif|thumb|An image of the old port of Kolkata.|alt=|220x220px]]
The port is part of the [[21st Century Maritime Silk Road]] that runs from the Chinese coast via the [[Suez Canal]] to the Mediterranean, there to the Upper Adriatic region of [[Trieste]] with its rail connections to [[Central Europe|Central]] and [[Eastern Europe]].<ref>[https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/kolkata-lone-indian-link-in-china-s-mega-maritime-silk-road-115032800744_1.html Kolkata - lone Indian link in China's mega Maritime Silk Road]</ref><ref>[https://www.asiainglobalaffairs.in/reflections/the-great-maritime-game/ The Great Maritime Game]</ref><ref>[https://www.globalasia.org/v10no3/cover/indias-take-on-chinas-silk-road-ambivalence-with-lurking-worries_gareth-price India’s Take on China’s Silk Road: Ambivalence With Lurking Worries]</ref>

==Terminals==

===Dock systems===
The Kolkata Port Trust (KoPT) manages two separate dock agglomerations, the Kolkata Dock System (KDS) and the Haldia Dock Complex (HDC).

====Kolkata Dock System====
[[File:Kidderpore Dry Dock.jpeg|thumb|Kidderpore Dry Dock, {{circa|1905}}|alt=|220x220px]]
[[File:Kolkata_port_20170924_100222.jpg|thumb|Khidirpore Dock of Syama Prasad Mukherjee Port Trust]]
[[File:A Ship in Hoogly River.jpg|thumb|A Ship in [[Hoogly river|Hoogly River]] at the Port of Kolkata|alt=|220x220px]]
[[File:Clock Tower Kidderpore Dock.jpg|thumb|Clock Tower Kidderpore Dock]]
[[File:Indenture Memorial, Kidderepore.jpg|thumb|Indenture Memorial, Kidderepore]]
It is situated on the left bank of the [[Hooghly River]] at about {{convert|203|km|mi|abbr=on}} upstream from the sea. The [[pilotage]] station is at Gasper/ Saugor roads, 145 Kilometres to the south of the KDS (around 58 km from the sea). The system consists of:<ref>{{cite web|title=Kolkata Dock System (KDS)|url=http://www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in/}}</ref>
* Kidderpore Docks (K.P. Docks) : 18 Berths, 6 [[Buoy]]s / [[Mooring (watercraft)|Mooring]]s and 3 [[Drydock|Dry Docks]]
* [[Subhas Chandra Bose|Netaji Subhas]] Docks (N.S. Docks): 10 Berths, 2 [[Buoy]]s / [[Mooring (watercraft)|Mooring]]s and 2 [[Drydock|Dry Docks]]
* [[Budge Budge]] River Moorings : 6 Petroleum [[Wharve]]s
* Anchorages : [[Diamond Harbour]], Saugor Road, Sandheads

Apart from this, there are around 80 major [[jetty|riverine jetties]], and many minor jetties, and a large number of ship breaking berths.

====Haldia Dock Complex====
{{Main|Haldia Port}}
It is situated at around {{convert|60|km|mi}} away from the pilotage station. The complex consists of:
* Impounded Dock. System with 12 Berths
* 3 Oil Jetties in the River
* 3 [[Barge]] Jetties in the River for handling Oil carried by Barges.
* Haldia Anchorage for [[Lighter Aboard Ship|lash]] vessels.

All the docks are impounded dock systems with [[Lock (water transport)|locks]] from [[river]].

====Dry Dock====
KoPT has the largest [[Drydock|dry dock]] facility in India . These dry docks cater to the diverse repair and maintenance needs of the vessels calling on the Eastern Ports of India. In addition, shipbuilding facilities are also available in these dry docks. All the dry docks are inside the impounded dock system. There are five dry docks of which three are in Kidderpore Dock and two are in Netaji Subhas Dock.<ref name=historyKoPT/>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Dry Docks of Kolkata Port Trust
! Dock !! Dry Dock Number !! Size
|-
| Netaji Subhas Dock || 1 || {{convert|172.21|m|ft}} x {{convert|22.86|m|ft}}
|-
| Netaji Subhas Dock || 2 || {{convert|172.21|m|ft}} x {{convert|22.86|m|ft}}
|-
| Kidderpore Dock || 1 || {{convert|160.02|m|ft}} x {{convert|19.5|m|ft}}
|-
| Kidderpore Dock || 2 || {{convert|142.95|m|ft}} x {{convert|19.5|m|ft}}
|-
| Kidderpore Dock || 3 || {{convert|102.1|m|ft}} x {{convert|14.63|m|ft}}
|}

There is a fully-fledged repair workshop including Diesel Engine Overhauling Unit, Structural Shop, Heavy and Light Machine Shop, Forging Shop, Electrical Shop and a Chain Testing/Repair Shop with 2500 KN capacity Tensile Compression Testing Machine to support various activities in the dry dock.

====Pilotage====
Due to the constraints of the river (like [[silting]], [[Bar (landform)|sandbars]] etc.) no seagoing vessel above 200 [[Gross tonnage|GT]] is allowed to navigate without a qualified [[Marine Pilots|pilot]] of the Kolkata Port Trust. The total pilotage distance to KDS is {{convert|221|km|mi}}, comprising {{convert|148|km|mi}} in river and {{convert|75|km|mi}} in sea, and for HDC is {{convert|121|km|mi}}, comprising {{convert|46|km|mi}} in river and {{convert|75|km|mi}} in sea.

====Navigational Aids====

=====Lighthouse=====
* Sagar Lighthouse is situated at Middleton Point on the [[Sagar Island]] {{convert|1.5|km|mi}} inshore. It is visible from a distance of {{convert|28|km|mi}} in clear weather.<ref name=historyKoPT/>
* Dariapur Lighthouse is situated on the right bank of [[Hooghly River]] south of Rasulpur river and about {{convert|2.7|km|mi}} inshore. It is visible from a distance of {{convert|35|km|mi}} in clear weather.<ref name=historyKoPT/>

=====Light Vessels=====
* There are four unmanned light vessels to aid in navigation.
* U.G.L.F. located at
* L.G.L.F. located at
* Talent WK L.V. located at
* Eastern Channel L.V. located at

=====Automatic Tide Gauges=====
These are maintained at [[Tribeni, Hooghly|Tribeni]], Garden Reach, [[Diamond Harbour]] and [[Haldia]] for round-the-clock recording of tidal data, which is used for the prediction of tides and preparation of tide tables by [[Survey of India]].

=====Semaphores=====
These are maintained at Akra, Moyapur, Hooghly Point, Balari, Gangra and Sagar for displaying rises of tide for the convenience of various vessels navigating, dredging and surveying in the River Hooghly. The semaphores used to display the tide level at these localities on a mast by the position of the meter and decimeter arms which were manually rotated with the rise and fall of every decimeter of tidal level. However these semaphores are no longer functional and instead, tidal levels are broadcast over VHF radio every half an hour from all the above stations except at Balari.

=====River Marks and Buoys=====
A total of 500 (of which 140 are lighted) [[Buoy|River Marks and Buoys]] are maintained by the KoPT. These are extremely useful in facilitating night navigation, pilotage and dredging. These lights are operated either by grid electricity, by battery or by dissolved [[Acetylene|Marine Acetylene Gas]]. There is also 1 boat buoy, 30 lighted buoys and 72 unlit buoys marking the navigational channel from Sandheads to Kolkata. It has one of the longest navigational channels in the world.

=====Differential Global Positioning System (Differential GPS)=====
In the wide estuary, position fixing with reference to shore objects to be viewed from the deck of a vessel, is very difficult. In 1983 KoPT introduced the Electronic Position Fixing System "[[Syledis]]" for position fixing of the vessels plying in the wide estuary of the [[Hooghly river]]. The shore-based Syledis Position Fixing System was functioning round the clock with the help of the Syledis Stations located at [[Haldia]], [[Raichak]], Dadanpatra Bar and Frazergunj. The system was effectively utilized for the purpose of hydrographic survey and dredging. KoPT has now replaced the Syledis Position Fixing System by Differential GPS (Differential Global Position Fixing System). This latest state-of the art technology provides improved location accuracy of up to 10 cm.

== Satellite ports ==
{{Main|Haldia Port}}

== Connections ==

{{Empty section|date=September 2020}}

==Statistics==

In the [[fiscal year]] 2013–14, Port of Kolkata handled {{convert|41.386|e6MT|e6ST|abbr=off}} of cargo. This is significantly less than {{convert|53.143|e6MT|e6ST|abbr=off}} of cargo it handled in 2005–06. However, the number of vessels handled at Kolkata Port during 2013–2014 was the highest among all [[Ports in India#Major ports|Indian Major Ports]]. KoPT handled 17.1% of the total number of vessels, which worked at Indian Major Ports in 2011–2012; significant improvement over 2011-12 which was 16%. During the fiscal year 2011{{En dash}}2012, 3183 vessels called at KoPT.<ref name=operationsKoPT>{{cite web |url=http://www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in/cargostatistics.html |title=Kolkata Port Trust - Cargo Statistics |access-date=17 December 2014 |publisher=Kolkata Port Trust |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905184451/http://kolkataporttrust.gov.in/cargostatistics.html |archive-date=5 September 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The average turn around time per vessel was 4.18 days for Kolkata Dock System and 3.37 for Haldia Dock Complex.<ref name="annualRptKoPT2015">{{cite web |url=http://www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in/showfile.php?layout=1&lang=1&lid=1552 |title=Administrative Report 2014-15 |date=2015 |access-date=8 July 2016 |publisher=Kolkata Port Trust}}</ref><ref name="performanceKoPT">{{cite web | url=http://www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in/Performa1_new.html | title=Kolkata Port Trust - Performance Indicators | access-date=17 December 2014 | publisher=Kolkata Port Trust | archive-url=https://archive.today/20140211213434/http://www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in/Performa1_new.html | archive-date=11 February 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Operational Indicators of Port of Kolkata<ref name=passengerKoPT/><ref name="annualRptKoPT2015" /><ref name="containersKoPT">{{cite web |url=http://www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in/page4.htm |title=Kolkata Port Trust - Container Statistics |access-date=11 February 2013 |publisher=Kolkata Port Trust |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204002846/http://www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in/page4.htm |archive-date=4 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="trafficKoPT">{{cite web |url=http://www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in/page2.htm |title=TRAFFIC HANDLED AT KOLKATA PORT |access-date=17 December 2014 |publisher=Kolkata Port Trust |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217221909/http://www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in/page2.htm |archive-date=17 December 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
! Category !! 2014{{En dash}}15 !! 2013{{En dash}}14 !! 2012{{En dash}}13 !! 2011{{En dash}}12 !! Unit
|-
| [[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|Containers (number)]] || align="right" |630,094 || align="right"|562,020 || align="right"|600,426 || align="right"|552,241 ||
|-
| Import Cargo || align="right"|36.25 || align="right"|27.42 || align="right"|27.02 || align="right"|27.97 || million [[Tonne|metric tonnes]]
|-
| Export Cargo || align="right"|10.05 || align="right"|13.96 || align="right"|12.91 || align="right"|15.28 || million [[Tonne|metric tonnes]]
|-
| Passenger Traffic || align="right"|39,552 || align="right"|42,514 || align="right"|40,349 || align="right"|52,239 ||
|-
| Number of Ships Handled || align="right"|3,230 || align="right"|3,225 || align="center"|N/A || align="center"|N/A ||
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Financial Indicators of Port of Kolkata<ref name="annualRptKoPT2015" />
! Category !! 2014–15 !! 2013–14 !! 2012–13 !! 2011–12 !! 2010–11
|-
| Operating Income || align="right"|{{INRconvert|1867.69|c}} || align="right"|{{INRconvert|1896.14|c}} || align="right"|{{INRconvert|1402.20|c}} || align="right"|{{INRconvert|1693.19|c}} || align="right"|{{INRconvert|1607.20|c}}
|-
| Operating Expenditure || align="right"|{{INRconvert|1936.13|c}} || align="right"|{{INRconvert|1966.37|c}} || align="right"|{{INRconvert|1700.42|c}} || align="right"|{{INRconvert|1554.95|c}} || align="right"|{{INRconvert|1463.15|c}}
|-
| Net Surplus || align="right"|{{INRconvert|-68.46|c}} || align="right"|{{INRconvert|-70.23|c}} || align="right"|{{INRconvert|-298.22|c}} || align="right"|{{INRconvert|138.24|c}} || align="right"|{{INRconvert|144.05|c}}
|}

==See also==
* [[Farakka Port]]
* [[Ports in India]]
* [[Ports in West Bengal]]
* [[Sagar Port]]
* [[Tajpur Port]]
{{Portal bar|Transport|Engineering|India}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070313003421/http://www.kolkataporttrust.gov.in/index_new.html Kolkata Port Trust]

{{Kolkata topics}}
{{Ports in West Bengal}}
{{Major ports in India}}

[[Category:Transport in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Ports and harbours of West Bengal|Kolkata]]
[[Category:World War II sites in India]]
[[Category:1870 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kolkata]]