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{{short description|Indian folk dance}}
{{Infobox dance
| name = Poomaruthan Theyyam
| image = File:Poomaruthan theyyam at Kuttamath Poomala temple 2016.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Poomaruthan theyyam at Kuttamath Poomala temple Kaliyattam in 2016
| native_name = {{lang|ml|പൂമാരുതൻ തെയ്യം}}
| etymology =
| genre = Ritual dance
| origin = [[Kerala]], India
}}
'''Poomaruthan Theyyam''' is a [[Hindu deities|Hindu god]] popular in the [[North Malabar]] region of [[Kerala]], India. This [[theyyam]] is performed in the shrines of the regional Hindu goddess [[Poomala bhagavathy]]. {{lang|ml-Latn|Poomala}} and {{lang|ml-Latn|Poomaruthan}} are worshiped mainly by the [[Thiyya]] community. The main temples where this theyyam is performed are spread over [[Kannur district|Kannur]] and [[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod]] districts.

==Myth==
According to the myth, Poomala [[Devi]] was enjoying the heavenly garden with her friends. she wanted to pick flowers, but the divine guards of the garden stopped it. Poomala sought the help of one of the guard, who was [[shiva]] origin, and was resting inside a blossoming flower, in the form of wind.<ref name="Asianet">{{cite news |title=തീരത്തൊരു കപ്പലുകണ്ടു, കനല്‍ക്കുന്നില്‍ നിന്നിറങ്ങി കടലിലേക്ക് ഓടി തെയ്യം! |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/culture-magazine/story-of-theyyam-running-to-sea-at-oriyarakkavu-sree-vishnu-moorthi-kshethram-rlebpf |work=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ml |access-date=2023-03-21 |archive-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218094916/https://www.asianetnews.com/culture-magazine/story-of-theyyam-running-to-sea-at-oriyarakkavu-sree-vishnu-moorthi-kshethram-rlebpf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rider |first1=Tiger |last2=Vengara |first2=Santhosh |last3=Madapat |first3=Saji |last4=Mavericks |first4=E. P. M. |last5=Muragan |first5=Puli |title=THEYYAM! Gods of God's Own Country: Confessions of a Monkey-Trapped Prodigal Son of The God's Own Country |date=2 October 2022 |publisher=EPM Mavericks LLC |isbn=978-1-958260-76-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fdyREAAAQBAJ&dq=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF&pg=PT321 |language=en |access-date=21 March 2023 |archive-date=21 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321072747/https://books.google.com/books?id=fdyREAAAQBAJ&dq=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF&pg=PT321 |url-status=live }}</ref> Devi called him by his nickname 'Poomarutha' (in Malayalam, 'Poo' means flower and 'maruthan' means wind).<ref name="Asianet"/> He helped Poomala and later became her brotherly friend. Then Poomala and Poomaruthan came to earth to see [[Malabar Coast|Malanad]].

Arya princess Aryapoonkani who was possessed by the deity Poomala, travelled with Poomaruthan in a huge wooden ship made by Vishwakarma.<ref name="Asianet"/> The ship headed for Malanadu approached the Oriyara estuary in [[Cheruvathur]].<ref name="Asianet"/> Myth says the [[Vishnumurthy]], the god of Oriyara temple, welcomed Poomala and Poomaruthan giving them tender coconut water.<ref name="Asianet"/> It is believed that Poomala and Poomaruthan are then enshrined in Oriyara in Kasaragod district.

Another myth says, Poomala and Poomaruthan landed at Kuruvanthata in [[Ezhimala (hill, Kannur)|Ezhimala]] and caught up in the beauty of the countryside, she avoided going back to her native land and decided to stay there.<ref name="Manoramanews">{{cite news |title=കാഴ്ചക്കാരെ പരിച കൊണ്ട് തട്ടി മാറ്റും; ആർപ്പുവിളികളുമായി പൂമാരുതൻ തെയ്യത്തിന്റെ വെള്ളാട്ടം |url=https://www.manoramanews.com/news/kerala/2022/04/22/kasargod-poomaruthan-theyyam.html |work=Manoramanews |language=ml |access-date=2023-03-21 |archive-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218095949/https://www.manoramanews.com/news/kerala/2022/04/22/kasargod-poomaruthan-theyyam.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rider |first1=Tiger |last2=Vengara |first2=Santhosh |last3=Madapat |first3=Saji |last4=Mavericks |first4=E. P. M. |last5=Muragan |first5=Puli |title=THEYYAM! Gods of God's Own Country: Confessions of a Monkey-Trapped Prodigal Son of The God's Own Country |date=2 October 2022 |publisher=EPM Mavericks LLC |isbn=978-1-958260-76-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fdyREAAAQBAJ&dq=%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF+%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF&pg=PT321 |language=en |access-date=21 March 2023 |archive-date=21 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321072750/https://books.google.com/books?id=fdyREAAAQBAJ&dq=%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF+%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF&pg=PT321 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="truecopy">{{Cite web |last=Anil Kumar |first=V. K. |title=ആവീരെ നീരും കൈതേരെ തണലും വെളുത്ത മണലും കുളുത്ത പടലും {{!}} വി. കെ. അനില്‍കുമാര്‍ {{!}} TrueCopy Think |url=https://truecopythink.media/vk-anilkumar-asralan-theyyam-part-2 |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=truecopythink.media |date=2 June 2020 |language=ml |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226052944/https://truecopythink.media/vk-anilkumar-asralan-theyyam-part-2 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hence Kuruvantatha and Ramanthali are also believed to be the first Poomala and Poomaruthan shrines in Kerala.<ref name="truecopy"/>

==Worship==
[[File:Kuttamath poomala bhagavathy temple Cheruvathur 01.jpg|thumb|Shrines of Poomaruthan (left) and Poomala bhagavathy (right) at Kuttamath poomala bhagavathy temple, Cheruvathur, Kasaragod district, Kerala]]
Poomala and Poomaruthan are worshiped mainly by the [[Thiyya]] community in North Malabar.<ref>{{cite news |title=തീയ്യൻമാർ ഈഴവരല്ല... മോരും മുതിരയും പോലെ വ്യത്യസ്തം, തീയ്യനെന്ന് തന്നെ വിളിക്കണം |url=https://malayalam.samayam.com/local-news/kannur/thiyyas-are-not-ezhavas-says-theeyyakshemasabha/articleshow/80742726.cms?story=5 |work=Samayam Malayalam |publisher=Times of India |language=ml |access-date=2023-03-21 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226001445/https://malayalam.samayam.com/local-news/kannur/thiyyas-are-not-ezhavas-says-theeyyakshemasabha/articleshow/80742726.cms?story=5 |url-status=live }}</ref> Poomaruthan is performed as in [[theyyam]] in the Poomala shrine.<ref name="Theyyam">{{cite book |last1=DR. M. V. VISHNU |first1=NAMBOODIRI |title=Theyyam - A Ritual Art Form of Malabar |date=2015 |publisher=[[Kerala Bhasha Institute]] |isbn=9789385313493}}</ref><ref name="Manoramanews"/> But the Poomala bhagavathy does not have theyyam form.<ref name="Theyyam"/>

==Theyyam==
[[File:Poomaruthan theyyam at Kuttamath Poomala temple 2016 2.jpg|thumb|Poomaruthan theyyam knocking the valyakars with shields during Kuttamath Poomala bhagavathy temple Kaliyattam in 2016]]
There is special face art and body art for Poomaruthan theyyam. Theyyam also wears a costume like a black mustache and beard on his face. The head has a large wooden crown-like ornamentation, known as Mudi. The night theyyam performance known as ''vellattam'' has a small Mudi and the day theyyam has a large Mudi. Theyyam holds a sword and wooden shield in both hands. Poomaruthan's ritualistic dance is accompanied by lively movements of twirling the shield and swinging the sword. All the materials used for costumes, face art and body art are from natural substances.<ref>{{Cite web |title=എല്ലാ കലകളുടേയും സങ്കലനം, തലമുറകളിലേക്കിറങ്ങിപ്പടർന്ന ലഹരി {{!}} തെയ്യക്കാലം -ഭാഗം 1 |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/in-depth/series/theyyam-season-in-kerala-theyyam-and-agriculture-relation-theyyam-make-up-1.8086553 |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]] |date=29 November 2022 |language=ml |archive-date=2023-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320160412/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/in-depth/series/theyyam-season-in-kerala-theyyam-and-agriculture-relation-theyyam-make-up-1.8086553 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Theyyam would knock the valyakars (ritual assistants associated with the temple) and even the onlookers with shields while performing.<ref name="Manoramanews"/> Valyakars would gather around with shouts to get hit from Theyyam and to excite Theyyam.<ref name="Manoramanews"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Poomaruthan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Poomaruthan, Theyyam}}
{{Culture of Kerala}}

[[Category:Ritual dances]]
[[Category:Dances of Kerala]]
[[Category:Regional Hindu gods]]
[[Category:Theyyam]]
[[Category:Kerala folklore]]
[[Category:Hindu folk deities]]

Poomaruthan Theyyam - Revision history

BrigitteHosking: new a article.