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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2012}}
{{short description|River in southern India}}
{{Infobox river
| name = South Pennar
| other_name = Thenpennai Ponnaiyar
| map = Tamil Nadu topo deutsch mit Gebirgen.png
| map_caption = Map of the South Pennar river flowing through [[Karnataka]] and [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = States
| subdivision_name2 = [[Karnataka]] and [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type3 = largest city
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bangalore]]
| subdivision_type4 = Cities
| subdivision_name4 = [[Chikballapur]] [[Bangalore]], [[Hosur]] ,[[Krishnagiri]], [[Tiruvannamalai]], ,[[Cuddalore]]

| length = {{Convert|500|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_location=
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg =
| discharge1_max =

| source1 = [[Nandi Hills, India|Nandi Hills]]
| source1_location = [[Chikkaballapura]], [[Karnataka]]
| source1_coordinates=
| source1_elevation = {{Convert|1276|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| mouth = [[Bay of Bengal]]
| mouth_location = [[Cuddalore]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|11.772|N|79.7945|E|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_elevation = {{Convert|0|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right = [[Pambar River (Kerala)|Pambar River]]

|image = File:KRP Dam.jpg
|image_size =
|image_caption = [[Krishnagiri Dam]] across the river
}}

The '''South Pennar River''' (also known as ''Dakshina Pinakini'' in [[Kannada language|Kannada]] and ''Thenpennai or Ponnaiyar'' or ''Pennaiyar'' in [[Tamil language|Tamil]]) is a river in [[India]]. [[Bangalore]], [[Hosur]], [[Tiruvannamalai]], and [[Cuddalore]] are the important cities on the banks of South Pennar river. This is the second longest river in [[Tamil Nadu]], with a length of 497km, after the [[Kaveri]]. [[Chandapura]], [[Anekal]], [[Hosur]], [[Bagalur, Hosur|Bagalur]] and [[Chengam]] are the major industrial settlements on its banks. The river is severely polluted by industrial waste as it flows through major industrial areas in the eastern suburbs of [[Bangalore]].

The river originates in the [[Nandi Hills, India|Nandi Hills]] in the [[Chikkaballapura district]] of Karnataka and flows through Tamil Nadu before emptying into the Bay of Bengal. It has a [[drainage basin|catchment area]] of {{convert|1424|mi2|km2}} located in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu states. Small dams of Kelavarapalli and [[Krishnagiri Dam]]s are built across this river near [[Hosur]] and Krishnagiri.<ref>[http://www.india9.com/i9show/Kelavarapalli-Dam-52422.htm Kelavarapalli dam]</ref> The largest dam on this river, [[Sathanur Reservoir|Sathanur Dam]] with 7.3 Tmcft Gross Capacity is built near Tiruvannamalai. [[Moongilthuraipattu]] Sugar Factory is also situated on the bank of river.

The river is dry for the most part of the year. Water flows during the monsoon season when it is fed by the south-west monsoon in catchment area and the northeast monsoon in Tamil Nadu. However this water flow raises the water table throughout the river basin and feeds numerous reservoirs/tanks.

The old river '''Dakshina Pinakini''' does not exist anymore.<ref>{{cite news |title=TN now lays claim to City sewage |author=P M Raghunandan |location=Bangalore |date=April 23, 2012 |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/244394/tn-now-lays-claim-city.html |publisher=[[Deccan Herald]] |access-date=19 August 2016}}</ref>
Substantial part of [[Bangalore]]'s sewage enters this river via [[Bellandur Lake|Bellandur]] and [[Varthur Lake]]s and other channels.<ref>{{cite news |title=Water from Krishnagiri dam raises a scare |author=S. Prasad |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/04/19/stories/2005041911090300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050419214906/http://www.hindu.com/2005/04/19/stories/2005041911090300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 April 2005 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2005-04-19 |access-date=19 August 2016 }}</ref>

The sand build of the river is quite impressive, suggesting that it may have been a perennial river with much larger water flow in the past. Mention of the river is found in [[Sangam literature|Sangam]] and medieval ([[Tevaram]] - [[Bhakti]] cult era) literature, where it is depicted as rich with lush vegetation on its banks. There are various temples on its banks. It irrigates [[Chikkaballapur district]],[[Bengaluru Rural district]], [[Bengaluru Urban district]],[[Kolar district]][[Krishnagiri district]], [[Dharmapuri district]], [[Tiruvannamalai]], [[Viluppuram district]] and [[Cuddalore district]]. It splits into a delta on which [[Cuddalore]] town is located.

This river is now looted for its rich availability of sand. As the water flow will be only in monsoon seasons, the river is dry in remaining parts of the year.

== See also ==
* [[Arkavathy River]]
* [[Palar River]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hydrography of Karnataka}}
{{Hydrography of Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Rivers of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Rivers of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Rivers of India]]

{{India-river-stub}}

Ponnaiyar River - Revision history

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