CleanupBot: clean up, typos fixed: stateman → statesman

2023-11-24T05:15:09Z

clean up, typos fixed: stateman → statesman

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:45, 24 November 2023
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	Athens from Alexander to Antony by Christian Habicht p119</ref> However, Polybius's ''Histories'' is also useful in analyzing the different Hellenistic versions of history and of use as a more credible illustration of events during the [[Hellenistic period]].		Athens from Alexander to Antony by Christian Habicht p119</ref> However, Polybius's ''Histories'' is also useful in analyzing the different Hellenistic versions of history and of use as a more credible illustration of events during the [[Hellenistic period]].

	*Book XXXIV discussed geographical matters and the importance of geography in a historical account and in a ~~stateman~~'s education. Unfortunately, this book has been almost entirely lost.		*Book XXXIV discussed geographical matters and the importance of geography in a historical account and in a statesman's education. Unfortunately, this book has been almost entirely lost.

	===Sources===		===Sources===
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	Aside from the narrative of the historical events, Polybius also included three books of digressions. Book 34 was entirely devoted to questions of geography and included some trenchant criticisms of [[Eratosthenes]], whom he accused of passing on popular preconceptions or ''laodogmatika''. Book 12 was a disquisition on the writing of history, citing extensive passages of lost historians, such as [[Callisthenes]] and [[Theopompus]]. Most influential was Book 6, which describes Roman political, military, and moral institutions, which he considered key to Rome's success; it presented Rome as having a mixed constitution in which [[monarchical]], [[aristocratic]] and popular elements existed in stable equilibrium. This enabled Rome to escape, for the time being, the cycle of eternal revolutions (''[[anacyclosis]]'') faced by those with singular constitutions (i.e. many of the Greeks and the Macedonians). While Polybius was not the first to advance this view, his account provides the most cogent illustration of the ideal for later political theorists.		Aside from the narrative of the historical events, Polybius also included three books of digressions. Book 34 was entirely devoted to questions of geography and included some trenchant criticisms of [[Eratosthenes]], whom he accused of passing on popular preconceptions or ''laodogmatika''. Book 12 was a disquisition on the writing of history, citing extensive passages of lost historians, such as [[Callisthenes]] and [[Theopompus]]. Most influential was Book 6, which describes Roman political, military, and moral institutions, which he considered key to Rome's success; it presented Rome as having a mixed constitution in which [[monarchical]], [[aristocratic]] and popular elements existed in stable equilibrium. This enabled Rome to escape, for the time being, the cycle of eternal revolutions (''[[anacyclosis]]'') faced by those with singular constitutions (i.e. many of the Greeks and the Macedonians). While Polybius was not the first to advance this view, his account provides the most cogent illustration of the ideal for later political theorists.

	A key theme of ''The Histories'' is good leadership, and Polybius dedicates considerable time to outlining how the good statesman should be rational, knowledgeable, virtuous and composed. The character of the Polybian statesman is exemplified in that of [[Philip II of Macedon\|Philip II]], who Polybius believed exhibited both excellent military prowess and skill, as well as proficient ability in diplomacy and moral leadership.<ref>Plb.5.9-12 and {{cite book \|title=Philip V of Macedon in Polybius's Histories \|last= Nicholson\|first= Emma\|year= 2023 \|publisher= Oxford University Press \|isbn= 9780192866769}}, pp. 291-295 </ref> His beliefs about Philip's character led Polybius to reject the historian [[Theopompus]]' description of Philip's private, drunken debauchery. For Polybius, it was inconceivable that such an able and effective statesman could have had an immoral and unrestrained private life as described by Theopompus.<ref>Plb. 8.9.3-4</ref> The consequences of bad leadership are also highlighted throughout the ''Histories''. Polybius saw, for instance, the character and leadership of the later [[Philip V of Macedon]], one of Rome's leading adversaries in the Greek East, as the opposite of his earlier exemplary namesake. Philip V became increasingly tyrannical, irrational and impious following brilliant military and political success in his youth; this resulted, Polybius believed, in his abandonment by his Greek allies and his eventual defeat by Rome in 197 BC.<ref name="Nicholson 2023a">{{cite book \|title=Philip V of Macedon in Polybius's Histories \|last= Nicholson\|first= Emma\|year= 2023 \|publisher= Oxford University Press \|isbn= 9780192866769}}, pp. 59-100, 184-227</ref>		A key theme of ''The Histories'' is good leadership, and Polybius dedicates considerable time to outlining how the good statesman should be rational, knowledgeable, virtuous and composed. The character of the Polybian statesman is exemplified in that of [[Philip II of Macedon\|Philip II]], who Polybius believed exhibited both excellent military prowess and skill, as well as proficient ability in diplomacy and moral leadership.<ref>Plb.5.9-12 and {{cite book \|title=Philip V of Macedon in Polybius's Histories \|last= Nicholson\|first= Emma\|year= 2023 \|publisher= Oxford University Press \|isbn= 9780192866769}}, pp. 291-295</ref> His beliefs about Philip's character led Polybius to reject the historian [[Theopompus]]' description of Philip's private, drunken debauchery. For Polybius, it was inconceivable that such an able and effective statesman could have had an immoral and unrestrained private life as described by Theopompus.<ref>Plb. 8.9.3-4</ref> The consequences of bad leadership are also highlighted throughout the ''Histories''. Polybius saw, for instance, the character and leadership of the later [[Philip V of Macedon]], one of Rome's leading adversaries in the Greek East, as the opposite of his earlier exemplary namesake. Philip V became increasingly tyrannical, irrational and impious following brilliant military and political success in his youth; this resulted, Polybius believed, in his abandonment by his Greek allies and his eventual defeat by Rome in 197 BC.<ref name="Nicholson 2023a">{{cite book \|title=Philip V of Macedon in Polybius's Histories \|last= Nicholson\|first= Emma\|year= 2023 \|publisher= Oxford University Press \|isbn= 9780192866769}}, pp. 59-100, 184-227</ref>

	Other important themes running throughout ''The Histories'' include the role of Fortune in the affairs of nations, how a leader might weather bravely these changes of fortune with dignity,<ref>Plb. 1.1.1-2</ref> the educational value of history and how it should demonstrate cause and effect (or [[Apodicticity\|''apodeiktike'']]) to provide lessons for statesmen, and that historians should be "men of action" to gain appropriate experience so as to understand how political and military affairs are likely to pan out ([[Pragmatics\|''pragmatikoi'']]).		Other important themes running throughout ''The Histories'' include the role of Fortune in the affairs of nations, how a leader might weather bravely these changes of fortune with dignity,<ref>Plb. 1.1.1-2</ref> the educational value of history and how it should demonstrate cause and effect (or [[Apodicticity\|''apodeiktike'']]) to provide lessons for statesmen, and that historians should be "men of action" to gain appropriate experience so as to understand how political and military affairs are likely to pan out ([[Pragmatics\|''pragmatikoi'']]).

Bharatwiki Socrates: Created page with "{{Short description|Ancient Greek historian}} {{Other uses}} {{Infobox philosopher | name = Polybius | image = Stele des Polybios.jpg | image_upright = | alt = Grey slab | caption = The stele of Kleitor depicting Polybius, Hellenistic art, 2nd century BC, Museum of Roman CivilizationJohn Ma. (2013). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=u3LfaRlHLfwC&dq=Polybios+Stele+Kleitor&pg=PA282 Statues..."

2023-11-24T05:11:19Z

Created page with "{{Short description|Ancient Greek historian}} {{Other uses}} {{Infobox philosopher | name = Polybius | image = Stele des Polybios.jpg | image_upright = | alt = Grey slab | caption = The stele of Kleitor depicting Polybius, Hellenistic art, 2nd century BC, Museum of Roman Civilization<ref>John Ma. (2013). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=u3LfaRlHLfwC&dq=Polybios+Stele+Kleitor&pg=PA282 Statues..."

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Polybius - Revision history

CleanupBot: clean up, typos fixed: stateman → statesman