172.70.218.238: /* References */

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References

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:20, 28 July 2022
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	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}
	[[Category:Polo]]		[[Category:Polo]]
			[[Category:National symbols of Pakistan]]
	{{simple-Wikipedia}}		{{simple-Wikipedia}}

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clean up

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:06, 25 February 2022
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	[[File:Polo 070922 18.jpg\|thumb\|Polo]]		[[File:Polo 070922 18.jpg\|thumb\|Polo]]
	[[File:Campeonato Argentino de Polo 2010 - 5237109478 e7ed034169 o.jpg\|thumb\|Argentine Polo Open Championship]]		[[File:Campeonato Argentino de Polo 2010 - 5237109478 e7ed034169 o.jpg\|thumb\|Argentine Polo Open Championship]]
	'''Polo''' is a [[sport]]. It is played between two [[team]]s of 4 [[:en:player\|player]]s on [[horse]]s, which are called polo ponies. The players try to [[wikt:score\|score]] [[wikt:goal\|goals]] (points) by putting the [[ball]] in the goal. They use long mallets (long sticks). It is the state sport of [[ Ancient Manipur]].<ref>https://www.sportstract.com/guinness-book-of-world-records-1991-says-polo-can-be-traced-to-origins-in-manipur-state-c-3100-b-c-when-it-was-played-as-sagol-kangjei/amp/</ref><ref>https://www.hindustantimes.com/travel/manipur-the-place-where-polo-was-born/story-uyfQePncOT6QVn42yw0ytI_amp.html</ref><ref>https://www.thehindu.com/society/polos-forgotten-matriarchs/article25919688.ece/amp/</ref>		'''Polo''' is a [[sport]]. It is played between two [[team]]s of 4 [[:en:player\|player]]s on [[horse]]s, which are called polo ponies. The players try to [[wikt:score\|score]] [[wikt:goal\|goals]] (points) by putting the [[ball]] in the goal. They use long mallets (long sticks). It is the state sport of [[Ancient Manipur]].<ref>https://www.sportstract.com/guinness-book-of-world-records-1991-says-polo-can-be-traced-to-origins-in-manipur-state-c-3100-b-c-when-it-was-played-as-sagol-kangjei/amp/</ref><ref>https://www.hindustantimes.com/travel/manipur-the-place-where-polo-was-born/story-uyfQePncOT6QVn42yw0ytI_amp.html</ref><ref>https://www.thehindu.com/society/polos-forgotten-matriarchs/article25919688.ece/amp/</ref>

	==Origins==		==Origins==
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	== Polo ponies ==		== Polo ponies ==

	The ponies are 14.2 to 16 hands (1 hand equals 4 [[inch]]es or 10.16 [[centimetre]]s). They weigh between 900 and 1100lbs-pounds- (about 408 and 499 kilos). Ponies can be ridden to play from the age of 5 up to 18 or even 20 years old sometimes. Polo ponies are not actually [[pony\|ponies]] because they are full-sized horses. [[Thoroughbred~~\|Thoroughbreds~~]] are a common horse [[breed]] to use as polo ponies because they are fast and agile.		The ponies are 14.2 to 16 hands (1 hand equals 4 [[inch]]es or 10.16 [[centimetre]]s). They weigh between 900 and 1100lbs-pounds- (about 408 and 499 kilos). Ponies can be ridden to play from the age of 5 up to 18 or even 20 years old sometimes. Polo ponies are not actually [[pony\|ponies]] because they are full-sized horses. [[Thoroughbred]]s are a common horse [[breed]] to use as polo ponies because they are fast and agile.

	== Equipment ==		== Equipment ==

SonOfZeus at 13:08, 14 May 2021

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← Older revision		Revision as of 18:38, 14 May 2021
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	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}
	[[Category:Polo\| ]]		[[Category:Polo]]
	~~[[Category:Pakistani culture]]~~		{{simple-Wikipedia}}

WikiDwarf: 1 revision imported: as per requested by user:SonOfZeus

2021-05-14T12:50:19Z

1 revision imported: as per requested by user:SonOfZeus

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:20, 14 May 2021
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2601:640:4000:3170:A92B:B732:D71B:29DF at 19:19, 3 May 2021

2021-05-03T19:19:13Z

New page

[[File:Polo 070922 18.jpg|thumb|Polo]]
[[File:Campeonato Argentino de Polo 2010 - 5237109478 e7ed034169 o.jpg|thumb|Argentine Polo Open Championship]]
'''Polo''' is a [[sport]]. It is played between two [[team]]s of 4 [[:en:player|player]]s on [[horse]]s, which are called polo ponies. The players try to [[wikt:score|score]] [[wikt:goal|goals]] (points) by putting the [[ball]] in the goal. They use long mallets (long sticks). It is the state sport of [[ Ancient Manipur]].<ref>https://www.sportstract.com/guinness-book-of-world-records-1991-says-polo-can-be-traced-to-origins-in-manipur-state-c-3100-b-c-when-it-was-played-as-sagol-kangjei/amp/</ref><ref>https://www.hindustantimes.com/travel/manipur-the-place-where-polo-was-born/story-uyfQePncOT6QVn42yw0ytI_amp.html</ref><ref>https://www.thehindu.com/society/polos-forgotten-matriarchs/article25919688.ece/amp/</ref>

==Origins==
{{Main|Origin of Polo}}
According to the [[Guinness Book of Records]], polo traces its origin to the [[Ancient Manipur]], where it was played as the ''"Sagol Kangjei"'' ({{lang-mni|ꯁꯒꯣꯜ ꯀꯥꯡꯖꯩ}}, {{lang-omp|ꯁꯀꯣꯜ ꯀꯥꯡꯆꯩ|sakol kaangchei|horse-hockey}}) right from 3100 BC.<ref>https://www.sportstract.com/guinness-book-of-world-records-1991-says-polo-can-be-traced-to-origins-in-manipur-state-c-3100-b-c-when-it-was-played-as-sagol-kangjei/amp/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indianpolo.com/manipurpolo/history.asp |title=Archived copy |access-date=2021-03-21 |archive-date=2019-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190211023839/http://www.indianpolo.com/manipurpolo/history.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190211023839/http://www.indianpolo.com/manipurpolo/history.asp</ref><ref>https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/italian-seal-on-manipur-polo-origin-milan-based-writer-to-visit-imphal-to-collect-material-for-book-on-game-s-history/cid/791135</ref>
Various forms of Polo, and similar sports, have been long played, traditionally, throughout a wide range covering [[Assam]] and [[Manipur]] areas of [[India]], [[Kashmir]], [[Nepal]] and [[Tibet]], and the Northern valleys of [[Pakistan]] such as [[Gilgit]], [[Hunza Valley]], [[Baltistan]] and [[Chitral District]] and parts of [[Central Asia]] as well. In ancient [[Persia]], ''Chavgan'', another form of Polo, was also played. It was only in the mid-19th century that colonial officers in [[British India]] began to play this sport and imported it to [[Britain]], where the formal [[Hurlingham Rules]] were then laid down. Later, in the 1890s, Polo was also introduced to the [[United States]].

== The main rules of polo ==
There are two teams both with 4 players. They play on a [[field]] which is 300 yards long (about 275 meters) and 160 or 200 yards wide (about 146 and 183 meters). There are goalposts (long sticks in the ground) 8 yards (7.32 meters) [[wikt:apart|apart]] at each end of the field. To score, the ball has to go between the other team's goalposts, which is called a [[wikt:goal|goal]].

The game is 4, 6 or 8 periods (units of time) of 7 [[minute]]s, which are called ''chukkas''. Between chukkas, players change ponies.

In a game there are 2 [[umpire]]s on horses and a [[referee]] on the side.

Players are given a foul if they break the rules. These rules keep the horses and riders safe. One rule in polo is called the "line of the ball" or just the "line". The "line" is an invisible line between the ball and the player that has the ball. A player has the ball if they are the closest to make a play on the ball. The "line" is in the same direction as this player is traveling and extends as far as the player is able to safely stop their horse. If another player crosses the "line" (that is, if another player runs in front of the player who has the ball), they will receive a foul. This is a common foul because it is sometimes difficult for a player to tell where the invisible "line" is.

A common defensive play in polo is called "hooking". A player may hook an opponent by using their mallet to block an opponent's mallet while the opponent tries to hit the ball. Sometimes it is unsafe for a player to hook their opponent. As an example, reaching over or under the opponent's horse to make a hook is considered unsafe. An unsafe hook will cause the player to foul. If a player cannot safely hook their opponent, they may instead use a different defensive play called a "ride-off". A "ride-off" happens when a player uses their horse to push an opponent's horse away from the "line". This makes it difficult for the opponent to make a play on the ball. If the player crosses the line while trying to ride off their opponent, they will receive a foul.

If a player makes a foul, the opponent may get a penalty shot. Penalty shots are made near the goal and other players cannot block the penalty shot.

== Player positions ==
Each player has certain [[wikt:responsibilities|responsibilities]]:
* Number One is the most [[wikt:offensive|offensive]] position on the field.
* Number Two is the most difficult position on the field to play. The number 2 has an important offensive [[role]] and a {{broken wikt link|defensive|defensive}} role.
* Number Three is the tactical [[leader]]. He is defensive and offensive and is often the best player.
* Number Four is the most defensive player. He tries to stop the other team from [[score|scoring]] goals.

== Polo ponies ==

The ponies are 14.2 to 16 hands (1 hand equals 4 [[inch]]es or 10.16 [[centimetre]]s). They weigh between 900 and 1100lbs-pounds- (about 408 and 499 kilos). Ponies can be ridden to play from the age of 5 up to 18 or even 20 years old sometimes. Polo ponies are not actually [[pony|ponies]] because they are full-sized horses. [[Thoroughbred|Thoroughbreds]] are a common horse [[breed]] to use as polo ponies because they are fast and agile.

== Equipment ==
[[File:Polo 070922 40.jpg|thumb|Polo player wearing all the equipment]]
The players have a [[helmet]] (hard hat), riding [[boot]]s, white [[trousers]], a [[shirt]] with the player's number on. Sometimes players also have one or two [[glove]]s, knee-pads and a [[whip]].

The ball is made of [[plastic]]. Before, it was made of [[wood]]. The ball is about 3¼ inches (8.3 centimetres) in [[diameter]] and [[wikt:weigh|weighs]] about four [[ounce]]s (113.4 grams).

Polo [[saddle]]s are English-style, similar to jumping saddles.

Polo mallets are used to hit the ball. Their shape is similar to normal [[Hammer|mallets]], but they are much longer. The shaft of the mallet is usually made of [[bamboo]] and the head is usually made of wood. Players hit the ball with the side of the mallet rather than the front.

== Other forms of polo ==
Polo is not always played on ponies. [[Canoe]] polo, cycle polo, [[camel]] polo, [[elephant]] polo, [[golf cart]] polo, [[Segway]] polo, [[BMX]] polo, [[yak]] polo and [[water polo]] also exist. However most of these forms are not played at a [[professional]] level.

==Related pages==
* [[Imphal Polo Ground]]
== Other websites ==
* [http://www.fippolo.com Federation of International Polo - worldwide governing body of the sport of polo]
* [http://www.polohorse.info/ Information and news about polo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215083824/http://www.polohorse.info/ |date=2011-02-15 }}
* [http://www.polo.tv Video-on-demand clips of polo matches from around the world]
* [http://www.hpa-polo.co.uk Governing body of the sport in the UK]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Polo| ]]
[[Category:Pakistani culture]]

Polo - Revision history

172.70.218.238: /* References */

CleanupBot: clean up

SonOfZeus at 13:08, 14 May 2021

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2601:640:4000:3170:A92B:B732:D71B:29DF at 19:19, 3 May 2021