Politics of Jammu and Kashmir - Revision history

ReggieHuntley0: adjust section to improve readability and corrected details per standard format

2025-11-26T04:39:15Z

adjust section to improve readability and corrected details per standard format

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:09, 26 November 2025
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	\| legislature_speaker_title =		\| legislature_speaker_title =
	\| upperhouse =		\| upperhouse =
	\| upperhouse_speaker = ~~Vacant~~		\| upperhouse_speaker = [[Abdul Rahim Rather (born 1944)\|Abdul Rahim Rather]]
	\| upperhouse_speaker_title =		\| upperhouse_speaker_title =
	\| upperhouse_appointer =		\| upperhouse_appointer =
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	\| appointer_hos =		\| appointer_hos =
	\| title_hog = [[Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir\|Chief Minister]]		\| title_hog = [[Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir\|Chief Minister]]
	\| current_hog = ~~Vacant~~		\| current_hog = Omar Abdullah
	\| appointer_hog =		\| appointer_hog =
	\| title_hosag =		\| title_hosag =
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	\| courts =		\| courts =
	\| court = [[Jammu and Kashmir High Court]]		\| court = [[Jammu and Kashmir High Court]]
	\| chief_judge = [[~~Gita Mittal~~]]		\| chief_judge = [[Ali Mohammad Magrey]]
	\| court_seat =		\| court_seat =
	\| court1 =		\| court1 =
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	\| court_seat1 =		\| court_seat1 =
	}}		}}
	[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)\|Jammu and Kashmir]] is administered by the [[India\|Republic of India]] within the framework of a [[Parliamentary republic\|federal parliamentary republic]] as a [[union territory]], like the union territory of [[Puducherry (union territory)\|Puducherry]], with a multi-party democratic system of governance. Until 2019, it was governed as a [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)\|state]] administered by India. Politics in the region reflects the historical tension and dispute that the state has been a part of in the form of the [[Kashmir conflict]]. The head of state is the [[Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir]], currently [[Manoj Sinha]], while the head of government is the [[Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]], currently ~~vacant~~. Legislative power is vested in the [[Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir]]. The [[judiciary]] is [[Judicial independence\|independent]] of the executive and the legislature.		[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)\|Jammu and Kashmir]] is administered by the [[India\|Republic of India]] within the framework of a [[Parliamentary republic\|federal parliamentary republic]] as a [[union territory]], like the union territory of [[Puducherry (union territory)\|Puducherry]], with a multi-party democratic system of governance. Until 2019, it was governed as a [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)\|state]] administered by India. Politics in the region reflects the historical tension and dispute that the state has been a part of in the form of the [[Kashmir conflict]]. The head of state is the [[Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir]], currently [[Manoj Sinha]], while the head of government is the [[Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]], currently [[Omar Abdullah]]. Legislative power is vested in the [[Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir]]. The [[judiciary]] is [[Judicial independence\|independent]] of the executive and the legislature.

	== History ==		== History ==
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	Some observers point out that the Kashmir conflict is a [[political issue]].{{Sfn\|Wani\|2018\|p=Acknowledgement}} Amidst the political instability that the conflict has brought to the region, all the governments of Jammu and Kashmir have been engaged in attaining normalcy.{{Sfn\|Wani\|2018\|p=Introduction}} The state has seen a "parallel existence of the democratic and separatist sphere of politics" and a shift from political hegemony till as late as 2002 to a multi-party system.{{Sfn\|Rekha\|2019\|p=Introduction}}		Some observers point out that the Kashmir conflict is a [[political issue]].{{Sfn\|Wani\|2018\|p=Acknowledgement}} Amidst the political instability that the conflict has brought to the region, all the governments of Jammu and Kashmir have been engaged in attaining normalcy.{{Sfn\|Wani\|2018\|p=Introduction}} The state has seen a "parallel existence of the democratic and separatist sphere of politics" and a shift from political hegemony till as late as 2002 to a multi-party system.{{Sfn\|Rekha\|2019\|p=Introduction}}

	Historically Kashmiri Muslims ~~went through a prediod where they~~ preferred greater autonomy and sovereignty for the region ~~and have even proposed~~ an independent Kashmir. However a minority of the non-Muslims who live in the region ~~like to see~~ the state fully integrated into India. Some [[Kashmiri people\|Kashmiri]] Muslims also ~~have inclination towards~~ Pakistan ~~since~~ a small part of Kashmir is under Pakistan control. There ~~has~~ also been a number of separatist movements, both political and militant, mostly led by ~~hardline~~ Muslim leaders. However, in recent years a growing number of [[Kashmiri people\|Kashmiri]] Muslims have been leaning towards remaining in [[India]] for economic and cultural reasons.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=A growing peace constituency - Times of India\|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/edit-page/A-growing-peace-constituency/articleshow/12009007.cms\|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Welcome to Frontline : Vol. 29 :: No. 13\|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1719/17190890.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020526052340/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1719/17190890.htm\|url-status=usurped\|archive-date=26 May 2002\|access-date=2012-06-28\|publisher=Hinduonnet.com}}</ref> A 2008 report by [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] determined that State of Jammu and Kashmir ~~is one and~~ only 'Partly free' state in India.<ref>{{cite web\|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\|date=2008-07-02\|title=Refworld \| Freedom in the World 2008 - Kashmir [India]\|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,463af2212,469f2dcf2,487ca21996,0.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010022834/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,463af2212,469f2dcf2,487ca21996,0.html\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=10 October 2012\|access-date=2012-06-28\|publisher=UNHCR}}</ref> [[Human rights abuse\|Human rights abuses]] in the Indian state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)\|Jammu and Kashmir]] ~~state~~ have also been an issue and affect the politics of the region.		Historically Kashmiri Muslims preferred greater autonomy and sovereignty for the region or an independent Kashmir. However a minority of the non-Muslims who live in the region prefer the state to be fully integrated into India. Some [[Kashmiri people\|Kashmiri]] Muslims also prefer to be part of Pakistan and a small part of Kashmir is under Pakistan control. There have also been a number of separatist movements, both political and militant, mostly led by Muslim leaders. However, in recent years there have been claims that a growing number of [[Kashmiri people\|Kashmiri]] Muslims have been leaning towards remaining in [[India]] for economic and cultural reasons.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=A growing peace constituency - Times of India\|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/edit-page/A-growing-peace-constituency/articleshow/12009007.cms\|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Welcome to Frontline : Vol. 29 :: No. 13\|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1719/17190890.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020526052340/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1719/17190890.htm\|url-status=usurped\|archive-date=26 May 2002\|access-date=2012-06-28\|publisher=Hinduonnet.com}}</ref> A 2008 report by [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] determined that the State of Jammu and Kashmir was the only 'Partly free' state in India<ref>{{cite web\|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\|date=2008-07-02\|title=Refworld \| Freedom in the World 2008 - Kashmir [India]\|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,463af2212,469f2dcf2,487ca21996,0.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010022834/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,463af2212,469f2dcf2,487ca21996,0.html\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=10 October 2012\|access-date=2012-06-28\|publisher=UNHCR}}</ref> but it is now a Union Territory rather than a State. [[Human rights abuse\|Human rights abuses]] in the Indian state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)\|Jammu and Kashmir]] and a strong Indian army presence have also been an issue and affect the politics of the region.

	In August 2019, the Government of India introduced the [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019\|Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill, 2019]] in the Rajya Sabha and moved resolution to scrap the Article 370 from the Constitution of India and bifurcate the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two Union Territories – Jammu & Kashmir with a legislation like [[Delhi]], and Ladakh with a legislation like [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Govt introduces J&K Reorganisation Bill 2019 in Rajya Sabha; moves resolution revoking Article 370 {{!}} DD News\|url=http://www.ddnews.gov.in/national/govt-introduces-jk-reorganisation-bill-2019-rajya-sabha-moves-resolution-revoking-article\|access-date=2019-08-26\|website=www.ddnews.gov.in}}</ref> Jammu and Kashmir was the only Indian state that had its own flag. However, as Article 370 of the Indian constitution, which granted Jammu and Kashmir autonomy, was abrogated in August 2019, the flag has lost its official status.		In August 2019, the Government of India introduced the [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019\|Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill, 2019]] in the Rajya Sabha and moved resolution to scrap the Article 370 from the Constitution of India and bifurcate the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two Union Territories – Jammu & Kashmir with a legislation like [[Delhi]], and Ladakh with a legislation like [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Govt introduces J&K Reorganisation Bill 2019 in Rajya Sabha; moves resolution revoking Article 370 {{!}} DD News\|url=http://www.ddnews.gov.in/national/govt-introduces-jk-reorganisation-bill-2019-rajya-sabha-moves-resolution-revoking-article\|access-date=2019-08-26\|website=www.ddnews.gov.in}}</ref> Jammu and Kashmir was the only Indian state that had its own flag. However, as Article 370 of the Indian constitution, which granted Jammu and Kashmir autonomy, was abrogated in August 2019, the flag has lost its official status.
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	List of political parties:<ref name=":1">{{Cite web\|url=http://www.elections.in/jammu-and-kashmir/#info_id7\|title=Jammu and Kashmir Elections and Results - News and Updates on Chief Ministers, Cabinet and Governors\|website=www.elections.in\|access-date=2017-01-26}}</ref>{{columns-list\|colwidth=30em\|		List of political parties:<ref name=":1">{{Cite web\|url=http://www.elections.in/jammu-and-kashmir/#info_id7\|title=Jammu and Kashmir Elections and Results - News and Updates on Chief Ministers, Cabinet and Governors\|website=www.elections.in\|access-date=2017-01-26}}</ref>{{columns-list\|colwidth=30em\|
	* [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]] (NC)		* [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]] (NC)
	* [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-11-28/news/44547237_1_bjp-launches-narendra-modi-state-bjp\|title=BJP launches website ahead of Modi's rally in Jammu & Kashmir}}</ref>		* [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-11-28/news/44547237_1_bjp-launches-narendra-modi-state-bjp\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131201054132/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-11-28/news/44547237_1_bjp-launches-narendra-modi-state-bjp\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=1 December 2013\|title=BJP launches website ahead of Modi's rally in Jammu & Kashmir}}</ref>
	* Jammu Republic Party (JRP)		* Jammu Republic Party (JRP)
	* [[Indian National Congress]] (Congress)		* [[Indian National Congress]] (Congress)
			* [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI)
			* [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPIM)
	* [[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party]] (PDP)		* [[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party]] (PDP)
	* [[Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party]] (JKAP)		* [[Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party]] (JKAP)
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	* Dogra Swabhiman Sangathan		* Dogra Swabhiman Sangathan
	* National Democratic Party (Indian) [NDPI]		* National Democratic Party (Indian) [NDPI]
			*[[Jammu and Kashmir Awami Ittehad Party]]
	}}		}}

	==See also==		==See also==
	* [[Politics of Ladakh]]		* [[Politics of Ladakh]]
	* [[~~2014~~ Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]]		* [[2024 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]]
	* [[Government of Jammu and Kashmir]]		* [[Government of Jammu and Kashmir]]

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	==Further reading==		==Further reading==
	*{{Cite book\|last=Kumar\|first=Radha\|title=Paradise at War: A Political History of Kashmir\|publisher=Aleph\|year=2018\|isbn=9789388292122\|location=New Delhi\|author-link=Radha Kumar}}		*{{Cite book\|last=Kumar\|first=Radha\|title=Paradise at War: A Political History of Kashmir\|publisher=Aleph\|year=2018\|isbn=9789388292122\|location=New Delhi\|author-link=Radha Kumar}}
	*Chowdhary, Rekha. [~~http~~://~~samaj~~.~~revues~~.org/~~index2785.html~~ ''"Electoral Politics in the Context of Separatism and Political Divergence: An Analysis of 2009 Parliamentary elections in Jammu & Kashmir"'']. ''South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal'', 3, 2009.		*Chowdhary, Rekha. [https://journals.openedition.org/samaj/2785 ''"Electoral Politics in the Context of Separatism and Political Divergence: An Analysis of 2009 Parliamentary elections in Jammu & Kashmir"'']. ''South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal'', 3, 2009.

	{{Jammu and Kashmir elections}}		{{Jammu and Kashmir elections}}

->GreenC bot: Rescued 2 archive links; reformat 3 links. Wayback Medic 2.5

2021-10-24T18:40:41Z

Rescued 2 archive links; reformat 3 links. Wayback Medic 2.5

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:10, 25 October 2021
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	\| name = Politics of Jammu and Kashmir		\| name = Politics of Jammu and Kashmir
	\| native_name =		\| native_name =
	\| image = ~~Emblem~~ of ~~India~~.svg		\| image = Government of Jammu and Kashmir.svg
	\| image_size = 50		\| image_size = 200
	\| caption = [[~~National~~ Emblem of ~~India~~]]		\| caption = [[Emblem of Jammu and Kashmir]]
	\| type = [[Union territory\|Union territory of India]]: A [[Federation\|federal territory]] with its own elected legislatures and governments; with partial statehood		\| type = [[Union territory\|Union territory of India]]: A [[Federation\|federal territory]] with its own elected legislatures and governments; with partial statehood
	\| constitution = [[Constitution of India]]		\| constitution = [[Constitution of India]]
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	Some observers point out that the Kashmir conflict is a [[political issue]].{{Sfn\|Wani\|2018\|p=Acknowledgement}} Amidst the political instability that the conflict has brought to the region, all the governments of Jammu and Kashmir have been engaged in attaining normalcy.{{Sfn\|Wani\|2018\|p=Introduction}} The state has seen a "parallel existence of the democratic and separatist sphere of politics" and a shift from political hegemony till as late as 2002 to a multi-party system.{{Sfn\|Rekha\|2019\|p=Introduction}}		Some observers point out that the Kashmir conflict is a [[political issue]].{{Sfn\|Wani\|2018\|p=Acknowledgement}} Amidst the political instability that the conflict has brought to the region, all the governments of Jammu and Kashmir have been engaged in attaining normalcy.{{Sfn\|Wani\|2018\|p=Introduction}} The state has seen a "parallel existence of the democratic and separatist sphere of politics" and a shift from political hegemony till as late as 2002 to a multi-party system.{{Sfn\|Rekha\|2019\|p=Introduction}}

	Historically Kashmiri Muslims went through a prediod where they preferred greater autonomy and sovereignty for the region and have even proposed an independent Kashmir. However a minority of the non-Muslims who live in the region like to see the state fully integrated into India. Some [[Kashmiri people\|Kashmiri]] Muslims also have inclination towards Pakistan since a small part of Kashmir is under Pakistan control. There has also been a number of separatist movements, both political and militant, mostly led by hardline Muslim leaders. However, in recent years a growing number of [[Kashmiri people\|Kashmiri]] Muslims have been leaning towards remaining in [[India]] for economic and cultural reasons.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=A growing peace constituency - Times of India\|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/edit-page/A-growing-peace-constituency/articleshow/12009007.cms\|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Welcome to Frontline : Vol. 29 :: No. 13\|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1719/17190890.htm\|access-date=2012-06-28\|publisher=Hinduonnet.com}}</ref>~~{{Dead link\|date=November 2020}}~~ A 2008 report by [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] determined that State of Jammu and Kashmir is one and only 'Partly free' state in India.<ref>{{cite web\|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\|date=2008-07-02\|title=Refworld \| Freedom in the World 2008 - Kashmir [India]\|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,463af2212,469f2dcf2,487ca21996,0.html\|access-date=2012-06-28\|publisher=UNHCR}}</ref>~~{{Dead link\|date=November 2020}}~~ [[Human rights abuse\|Human rights abuses]] in the Indian state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)\|Jammu and Kashmir]] state have also been an issue and affect the politics of the region.		Historically Kashmiri Muslims went through a prediod where they preferred greater autonomy and sovereignty for the region and have even proposed an independent Kashmir. However a minority of the non-Muslims who live in the region like to see the state fully integrated into India. Some [[Kashmiri people\|Kashmiri]] Muslims also have inclination towards Pakistan since a small part of Kashmir is under Pakistan control. There has also been a number of separatist movements, both political and militant, mostly led by hardline Muslim leaders. However, in recent years a growing number of [[Kashmiri people\|Kashmiri]] Muslims have been leaning towards remaining in [[India]] for economic and cultural reasons.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=A growing peace constituency - Times of India\|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/edit-page/A-growing-peace-constituency/articleshow/12009007.cms\|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Welcome to Frontline : Vol. 29 :: No. 13\|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1719/17190890.htm\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020526052340/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1719/17190890.htm\|url-status=usurped\|archive-date=26 May 2002\|access-date=2012-06-28\|publisher=Hinduonnet.com}}</ref> A 2008 report by [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] determined that State of Jammu and Kashmir is one and only 'Partly free' state in India.<ref>{{cite web\|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\|date=2008-07-02\|title=Refworld \| Freedom in the World 2008 - Kashmir [India]\|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,463af2212,469f2dcf2,487ca21996,0.html\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010022834/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,463af2212,469f2dcf2,487ca21996,0.html\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=10 October 2012\|access-date=2012-06-28\|publisher=UNHCR}}</ref> [[Human rights abuse\|Human rights abuses]] in the Indian state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)\|Jammu and Kashmir]] state have also been an issue and affect the politics of the region.

	In August 2019, the Government of India introduced the [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019\|Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill, 2019]] in the Rajya Sabha and moved resolution to scrap the Article 370 from the Constitution of India and bifurcate the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two Union Territories – Jammu & Kashmir with a legislation like [[Delhi]], and Ladakh with a legislation like [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Govt introduces J&K Reorganisation Bill 2019 in Rajya Sabha; moves resolution revoking Article 370 {{!}} DD News\|url=http://www.ddnews.gov.in/national/govt-introduces-jk-reorganisation-bill-2019-rajya-sabha-moves-resolution-revoking-article\|access-date=2019-08-26\|website=www.ddnews.gov.in}}</ref> Jammu and Kashmir was the only Indian state that had its own flag. However, as Article 370 of the Indian constitution, which granted Jammu and Kashmir autonomy, was abrogated in August 2019, the flag has lost its official status.		In August 2019, the Government of India introduced the [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019\|Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill, 2019]] in the Rajya Sabha and moved resolution to scrap the Article 370 from the Constitution of India and bifurcate the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two Union Territories – Jammu & Kashmir with a legislation like [[Delhi]], and Ladakh with a legislation like [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Govt introduces J&K Reorganisation Bill 2019 in Rajya Sabha; moves resolution revoking Article 370 {{!}} DD News\|url=http://www.ddnews.gov.in/national/govt-introduces-jk-reorganisation-bill-2019-rajya-sabha-moves-resolution-revoking-article\|access-date=2019-08-26\|website=www.ddnews.gov.in}}</ref> Jammu and Kashmir was the only Indian state that had its own flag. However, as Article 370 of the Indian constitution, which granted Jammu and Kashmir autonomy, was abrogated in August 2019, the flag has lost its official status.

imported>Bri: Remove "A" as the first word from short descriptions (via WP:JWB)

2021-07-04T01:39:05Z

Remove "A" as the first word from short descriptions (via WP:JWB)

New page

{{short description|Union Territory In India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox political system
| name = Politics of Jammu and Kashmir
| native_name =
| image = Emblem of India.svg
| image_size = 50
| caption = [[National Emblem of India]]
| type = [[Union territory|Union territory of India]]: A [[Federation|federal territory]] with its own elected legislatures and governments; with partial statehood
| constitution = [[Constitution of India]]
| legislature = [[Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]]
| legislature_type = [[Unicameral]]
| legislature_place =
| legislature_speaker =
| legislature_speaker_title =
| upperhouse =
| upperhouse_speaker = Vacant
| upperhouse_speaker_title =
| upperhouse_appointer =
| lowerhouse =
| lowerhouse_speaker =
| lowerhouse_speaker_title =
| lowerhouse_appointer =
| title_hos = [[Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir|Lieutenant Governor]]
| current_hos = [[Manoj Sinha]]
| appointer_hos =
| title_hog = [[Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir|Chief Minister]]
| current_hog = Vacant
| appointer_hog =
| title_hosag =
| current_hosag =
| appointer_hosag =
| cabinet =
| current_cabinet =
| cabinet_leader =
| cabinet_deputyleader =
| cabinet_appointer =
| cabinet_hq =
| cabinet_ministries =
| judiciary =
| judiciary_head =
| courts =
| court = [[Jammu and Kashmir High Court]]
| chief_judge = [[Gita Mittal]]
| court_seat =
| court1 =
| chief_judge1 =
| court_seat1 =
}}
[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] is administered by the [[India|Republic of India]] within the framework of a [[Parliamentary republic|federal parliamentary republic]] as a [[union territory]], like the union territory of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]], with a multi-party democratic system of governance. Until 2019, it was governed as a [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|state]] administered by India. Politics in the region reflects the historical tension and dispute that the state has been a part of in the form of the [[Kashmir conflict]]. The head of state is the [[Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir]], currently [[Manoj Sinha]], while the head of government is the [[Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir]], currently vacant. Legislative power is vested in the [[Legislative Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir]]. The [[judiciary]] is [[Judicial independence|independent]] of the executive and the legislature.

== History ==
[[Gulab Singh]] has been called as the founder of the polity of Jammu and Kashmir.{{Sfn|Muhammad|2019|p=Chapter 10}} Following the 1860s, interaction with British India resulted in the region becoming a part of the geopolitical game between Russia and Britain.{{Sfn|Kaur|1996|p=9}} During the period of India's independence, the partition, up till and after India becoming a Republic, the question of Kashmir's future marked political decisions. The introduction of Pakistan into the internal political situation at this stage created complexities.{{Sfn|Puri|2015|p=217–221}}

Some observers point out that the Kashmir conflict is a [[political issue]].{{Sfn|Wani|2018|p=Acknowledgement}} Amidst the political instability that the conflict has brought to the region, all the governments of Jammu and Kashmir have been engaged in attaining normalcy.{{Sfn|Wani|2018|p=Introduction}} The state has seen a "parallel existence of the democratic and separatist sphere of politics" and a shift from political hegemony till as late as 2002 to a multi-party system.{{Sfn|Rekha|2019|p=Introduction}}

Historically Kashmiri Muslims went through a prediod where they preferred greater autonomy and sovereignty for the region and have even proposed an independent Kashmir. However a minority of the non-Muslims who live in the region like to see the state fully integrated into India. Some [[Kashmiri people|Kashmiri]] Muslims also have inclination towards Pakistan since a small part of Kashmir is under Pakistan control. There has also been a number of separatist movements, both political and militant, mostly led by hardline Muslim leaders. However, in recent years a growing number of [[Kashmiri people|Kashmiri]] Muslims have been leaning towards remaining in [[India]] for economic and cultural reasons.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A growing peace constituency - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/edit-page/A-growing-peace-constituency/articleshow/12009007.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome to Frontline : Vol. 29 :: No. 13|url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1719/17190890.htm|access-date=2012-06-28|publisher=Hinduonnet.com}}</ref>{{Dead link|date=November 2020}} A 2008 report by [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]] determined that State of Jammu and Kashmir is one and only 'Partly free' state in India.<ref>{{cite web|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|date=2008-07-02|title=Refworld | Freedom in the World 2008 - Kashmir [India]|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,463af2212,469f2dcf2,487ca21996,0.html|access-date=2012-06-28|publisher=UNHCR}}</ref>{{Dead link|date=November 2020}} [[Human rights abuse|Human rights abuses]] in the Indian state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] state have also been an issue and affect the politics of the region.

In August 2019, the Government of India introduced the [[Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019|Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill, 2019]] in the Rajya Sabha and moved resolution to scrap the Article 370 from the Constitution of India and bifurcate the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two Union Territories – Jammu & Kashmir with a legislation like [[Delhi]], and Ladakh with a legislation like [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Govt introduces J&K Reorganisation Bill 2019 in Rajya Sabha; moves resolution revoking Article 370 {{!}} DD News|url=http://www.ddnews.gov.in/national/govt-introduces-jk-reorganisation-bill-2019-rajya-sabha-moves-resolution-revoking-article|access-date=2019-08-26|website=www.ddnews.gov.in}}</ref> Jammu and Kashmir was the only Indian state that had its own flag. However, as Article 370 of the Indian constitution, which granted Jammu and Kashmir autonomy, was abrogated in August 2019, the flag has lost its official status.

== Political parties of Jammu & Kashmir ==
List of political parties:<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/jammu-and-kashmir/#info_id7|title=Jammu and Kashmir Elections and Results - News and Updates on Chief Ministers, Cabinet and Governors|website=www.elections.in|access-date=2017-01-26}}</ref>{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]] (NC)
* [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-11-28/news/44547237_1_bjp-launches-narendra-modi-state-bjp|title=BJP launches website ahead of Modi's rally in Jammu & Kashmir}}</ref>
* Jammu Republic Party (JRP)
* [[Indian National Congress]] (Congress)
* [[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party]] (PDP)
* [[Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party]] (JKAP)
* [[Jammu and Kashmir Workers Party]] (JKWP)
* [[Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference]] (JKPC)
* [[Jammu & Kashmir People's Movement]] (JKPM)
* [[Jammu and Kashmir Awami National Conference]] (JKANC)
* [[IkkJutt Jammu]]
* [[All Jammu & Kashmir Patriotic Peoples Front]]<ref name=":1" />
* [[Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir]]<ref name=":1" />
* [[Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party]]<ref name=":1" />
* [[Praja Parishad Jammu and Kashmir]]<ref name=":1" />
* [[Democratic Janata Dal (Jammu and Kashmir)]]<ref name=":1" />
* [[Jammu and Kashmir Democratic Freedom Party]]<ref name=":1" />
* Mallah Insaf Party<ref name=":1" />
* [[Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference]] (JKPC)
* Dogra Swabhiman Sangathan
* National Democratic Party (Indian) [NDPI]
}}

==See also==
* [[Politics of Ladakh]]
* [[2014 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Government of Jammu and Kashmir]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===

* {{Cite book|last=Tajuddin|first=Muhammad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hRmvDwAAQBAJ|title=Politics and Religion in India|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2019|isbn=9781000691474|editor-last=Kumar|editor-first=Narender|chapter=10— Religion-polity interface in Jammu and Kashmir: An analysis}}
* {{Cite book|last=Kaur|first=Ravinderjit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fLCCbohBKzcC|title=Political Awakening in Kashmir|publisher=APH Publishing|year=1996|isbn=9788170247098|location=New Delhi}}
* {{Cite book|last=Wani|first=Aijaz Ashraf|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mPqNDwAAQBAJ|title=What Happened to Governance in Kashmir?|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2018|isbn=9780199097159|location=New Delhi}}
*{{Cite book|last=Chowdhary|first=Rekha|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FSGBDwAAQBAJ|title=Jammu and Kashmir: 1990 and Beyond: Competitive Politics in the Shadow of Separatism|publisher=SAGE Publishing India|year=2019|isbn=9789353282325|location=Tamil Nadu}}
*{{Cite book|last=Puri|first=Balraj|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VErWCgAAQBAJ|title=State Politics in India|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2015|isbn=9781400879144|editor-last=Wiener|editor-first=Myron|pages=215–243|chapter=V: Jammu and Kashmir}}

==Further reading==
*{{Cite book|last=Kumar|first=Radha|title=Paradise at War: A Political History of Kashmir|publisher=Aleph|year=2018|isbn=9789388292122|location=New Delhi|author-link=Radha Kumar}}
*Chowdhary, Rekha. [http://samaj.revues.org/index2785.html ''"Electoral Politics in the Context of Separatism and Political Divergence: An Analysis of 2009 Parliamentary elections in Jammu & Kashmir"'']. ''South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal'', 3, 2009.

{{Jammu and Kashmir elections}}
{{Politics of India by state or territory}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Politics Of Jammu And Kashmir}}
[[Category:Politics of Jammu and Kashmir| ]]