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Pokhran history in Marathi: spam

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:51, 27 August 2021
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	~~== [https://www.techinfomarathi.in Pokhran history in Marathi] ==~~
	*[https://infolog.in/pokhran-thikana/ Pokhran Thikana History and Genealogy]
	* [http://www.solobackpacker.com/2015/10/10/pokhran-the-land-of-smiling-buddha/ Pokhran: The Land of Smiling Buddha]
	* [https://www.marathicorner.com/2020/04/pokhran-nuclear-test-history-in-marathi.html Pokhran Nuclear Test History in Marathi]
	{{Nuclear power in India}}		{{Nuclear power in India}}
	{{Jaisalmer district}}		{{Jaisalmer district}}

Khan786: Created page with "{{about|the town|the 1974 nuclear tests|Pokhran-I|the 1998 nuclear tests|Pokhran-II}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}} {{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}} {{Infobox settleme..."

2021-08-05T17:20:27Z

Created page with "{{about|the town|the 1974 nuclear tests|Pokhran-I|the 1998 nuclear tests|Pokhran-II}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}} {{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}} {{Infobox settleme..."

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{{about|the town|the 1974 nuclear tests|Pokhran-I|the 1998 nuclear tests|Pokhran-II}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement 
| name = ''Pokhran''
|native_name_lang= Rajasthani
|other_name=
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline=Pokhran Fort.JPG
|image_alt=
|image_caption=Pokhran Fort
|nickname=
| image_map =
|map_alt=
|map_caption=
| pushpin_map=India Rajasthan#India
|pushpin_label_position=right
|pushpin_map_alt=
|pushpin_map_caption=
|coordinates = {{coord|26.92|N|71.92|E|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type=State
| subdivision_name={{flag|India}}
|subdivision_type1=[[States and territories of India|State]]
|subdivision_type2=[[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1=[[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_name2=[[Jaisalmer district|Jaisalmer]]
|established_title=
| established_date=
| founder=
|named_for=
| government_type=
|governing_body=
| unit_pref = Metric
|area_footnotes=
| area_total_km2=
|area_rank=
|elevation_footnotes=
| elevation_m=233
| population_total=28457
|population_as_of=2011
|population_footnotes=
|population_density_km2=auto
|population_rank=
| population_demonym=
| demographics_type1=Languages
|demographics1_title1=Official
| timezone1=[[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|utc_offset1=+5:30
| postal_code_type=
|postal_code=
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
|demographics1_info1=[[Hindi language|Hindi]]
}}

'''Pokhran''' is a village and a [[municipality]] located in the [[Jaisalmer district]] of the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Rajasthan]]. It is a remote location in the [[Thar Desert]] region and served as the test site for India's first underground [[nuclear weapon]], ballistic missiles.

== Geography ==
Surrounded by rocks, sand and five [[salt]] ranges, its [[Hindi language|Hindi]] name ''Pokhran' (पोखरण) means "palace of five [[mirage]]s". It is located en route between [[Jaisalmer]] and [[Jodhpur]] or [[Bikaner]] at {{coord|27.095|N|71.753|E|}} and has an average [[elevation]] of 233 metres (764 feet).

== History ==
=== Fort Pokran ===
Fort Pokhran, the 14th century citadel also known as "Balagarh", stands amidst the [[Thar Desert]]. This monument is the premier fort of the chief of the rathore, the clan of [[Rathores]] of the state of [[Marwar]]-[[Jodhpur]]. Fort Pokhran is open for visitors and is being currently run as heritage hotel by the royal family of Pokhran.

=== Shakti Mata Memorial ===
In the outskirts of the city, the [[Shakti Mata Memorial]], a royal cenotaph, is freely accessible.

The famous, touristic city and fort of [[Jaisalmer]] is a couple of hours away by road.

=== Former rulers ===
* Seat of Chief of the [[Rathore]]s, a sub-clan of [[Rathore]]s of the state of [[Marwar]]-[[Jodhpur]].
* [[Bhawani Singh (politician)|Bhawani Singh of Pokhran]] (b. 1911) was the last [[jagirdar]] of Pokhran before Indian independence. He was Sessions Judge and was elected to the [[1st Lok Sabha]], the Lower house of [[Indian parliament]] from [[Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barmer]]-[[Jalore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalore]] constituency, after getting elected as an Independent candidate in the [[1952 Indian general election]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Pokhran (thikana) Genealogy | url = http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/p/pokhran.html | access-date = 2014-06-24 | first = Henry | last = Soszynski | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222170614/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/p/pokhran.html | archive-date = 22 December 2015 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=lok>{{cite web | title = Members Bioprofile: First Lok Sabha | url = http://164.100.47.132/lssnew/biodata_1_12/623.htm | publisher = [[Lok Sabha]] website | access-date = 2014-06-24 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140624083100/http://164.100.47.132/lssnew/biodata_1_12/623.htm | archive-date = 2014-06-24 }}</ref>

== Demographics ==
According to 2011 Indian [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Pokhran had a population of 28457. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Pokhran has an average literacy rate of 56%, lower than the national average of 74.0%: male literacy is 68%, and female literacy is 41%. In Pokhran, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age.

== Pokhran Nuclear Test Range ==

{{Infobox military test site
| name = Pokhran Test Range (PTR)
| nearest_town=[[Jaisalmer]] |country=India
| image= |caption=
| map= |map_caption=
| type = [[Nuclear testing|Nuclear test site]]
| coordinates = {{coord|27.095|N|71.753|E|display=inline}}
| operator = {{Army|India}}
| status = active
| dates = 1970–{{small|present}}
| nuclear_tests = 6
| subcritical_tests = not known
}}

The Pokhran Test Range, a key component of [[India and weapons of mass destruction|India's nuclear programme]], is located in the municipality. The ''Indian Nuclear Test Site'' is located 45 km north-west of Pokhran town and 4 km north of ''Khetolai'' village.<ref name=khetolai1>[https://scroll.in/article/664440/forty-years-after-pokhran-nuclear-tests-villagers-complain-of-frequent-cancer-deaths Forty years after Pokhran nuclear tests, villagers complain of frequent cancer deaths], Scroll.in, 18 May 2014</ref> The test range was built by the [[Indian Army Corps of Engineers]] and is under the control of [[Indian Army]]. It was built sometime before May 1974, when, following authorization given to the [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]] by then-[[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Indira Gandhi]], it hosted the detonation of India's first nuclear device.

===Pokhran-I===
{{main|Smiling Buddha}}
The [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] designated the test "Pokhran-I", but it is also known as "Smiling Buddha". It was India's first successful [[nuclear weapon|nuclear bomb]] [[Nuclear weapons testing|test]] on 18 May 1974.<ref name="Nuclear files archives">{{cite web|url=http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/timeline/timeline_page.php?year=1974|title=1974 Nuclear files|last=FIles|work=Nuclear Age Peace Foundation|publisher=Nuclear files archives|access-date=14 January 2013}}</ref><ref name= "Smiling Buddha">{{cite web| url= http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/India/IndiaSmiling.html| work = India's Nuclear Weapons Program | title = Smiling Buddha, 1974|publisher=Nuclear Weapon Archive}}</ref> The bomb was detonated on the [[:Category:Indian Army bases|army base]] [[Pokhran#Pokhran Test Range|Pokhran Test Range]] (PTR), in [[Rajasthan]], by the [[Indian Army]] under the supervision of several key Indian generals.

===Pokhran-II===
{{main|Pokhran-II}}
On 11 and 13 May 1998, twenty-four years after Pokhran-I, the Indian [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO) and [[Atomic Energy Commission of India|Atomic Energy Commission]] (AEC) conducted five further nuclear tests, dubbed "[[Pokhran-II]]", at the Pokhran range. Four AEC devices and, under the codename ''[[Operation Shakti|Shakti]]'', a [[thermonuclear device]] were tested.

== See also ==
*[[Bhaniyana]]
*[[Jajwala Mata Temple]]
* [[Parmanu: The Story of Pokhran]] - a 2018 [[Bollywood]] movie.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== [https://www.techinfomarathi.in Pokhran history in Marathi] ==
*[https://infolog.in/pokhran-thikana/ Pokhran Thikana History and Genealogy]
* [http://www.solobackpacker.com/2015/10/10/pokhran-the-land-of-smiling-buddha/ Pokhran: The Land of Smiling Buddha]
* [https://www.marathicorner.com/2020/04/pokhran-nuclear-test-history-in-marathi.html Pokhran Nuclear Test History in Marathi]
{{Nuclear power in India}}
{{Jaisalmer district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Jaisalmer district]]
[[Category:Nuclear test sites]]
[[Category:Indian nuclear test sites]]

Pokhran - Revision history

KellyePoindexter: updated

KellyePoindexter: updated

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imported>CptViraj: /* Pokhran history in Marathi */ spam

Khan786: Created page with "{{about|the town|the 1974 nuclear tests|Pokhran-I|the 1998 nuclear tests|Pokhran-II}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}} {{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}} {{Infobox settleme..."