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{{short description|Person who writes and publishes poetry}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{other uses}}
{{redirect|Poetess|the American rapper|The Poetess}}
{{Infobox occupation
| name = Poet
| image =
| caption = Poem, I Love you
| official_names = Poet, [[Troubador]], [[Bard]]

| type = [[Vocation]]
| activity_sector = [[Literature|Literary]]
| competencies = [[Writing]]
| formation =
| employment_field =
| related_occupation = [[Novelist]], [[writer]], [[lyricist]]
}}
{{Literature}}
A '''poet''' is a person who studies and creates [[poetry]]. Poets may describe themselves as such or be described as such by others. A poet may simply be the creator ([[thought|thinker]], [[songwriter]], [[writer]], or [[author]]) who creates (composes) poems ([[oral tradition|oral]] or [[literature|written]]), or they may also [[performance|perform]] their art to an [[audience]].

The work of a poet is essentially one of communication, expressing ideas either in a literal sense (such as communicating about a specific event or place) or [[metaphor]]ically. Poets have existed since [[prehistory]], in nearly all languages, and have produced works that vary greatly in different cultures and periods.<ref name="Orban">{{cite book |last=Orban |first=Clara Elizabeth |title=The Culture of Fragments: Word and Images in Futurism and Surrealism |publisher=Rodopi |year=1997 |page=3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KbCVyt6MWg0C |isbn=90-420-0111-9}}</ref> Throughout each [[civilization]] and language, poets have used various styles that have changed over time, resulting in countless poets as diverse as the [[literature]] that (since the advent of [[writing]] systems) they have produced.

== History ==
{{hatnote|This is about the history of the poet profession. For a history of poetry, see [[History of poetry]]}}

In [[Ancient Rome]], professional poets were generally sponsored by [[patronage|patrons]], wealthy supporters including nobility and military officials.<ref>Barbara K. Gold (2014), ''Literary and Artistic Patronage in Ancient Rome", [[University of Texas Press]].</ref> For instance, [[Gaius Cilnius Maecenas]], friend to [[Caesar Augustus]], was an important patron for the Augustan poets, including both [[Horace]] and [[Virgil]]. While [[Ovid]], a well established poet, was banished from Rome by the first [[Augustus]].

Poets held an important position in pre-Islamic Arabic society with the poet or ''[[sha'ir]]'' filling the role of historian, [[Fortune-telling|soothsayer]] and propagandist. Words in praise of the tribe (''qit'ah'') and lampoons denigrating other tribes (''hija''') seem to have been some of the most popular forms of early poetry. The ''sha'ir'' represented an individual tribe's prestige and importance in the [[Arabian peninsula]], and mock battles in poetry or ''[[zajal]]'' would stand in lieu of real wars. 'Ukaz, a market town not far from [[Mecca]], would play host to a regular poetry festival where the craft of the ''sha'irs'' would be exhibited.

In the [[High Middle Ages]], [[troubadors]] were an important class of poets and came from a variety of backgrounds. They lived and travelled in many different places and were looked upon as actors or musicians as much as poets. They were often under patronage, but many travelled extensively.

The [[Renaissance]] period saw a continuation of patronage of poets by royalty. Many poets, however, had other sources of income, including
Italians like [[Dante Aligheri]], [[Giovanni Boccaccio]] and [[Petrarch]]'s works in a pharmacist's guild and [[William Shakespeare]]'s work in the theater.

In the [[Romantic period]] and onwards, many poets were independent writers who made their living through their work, often supplemented by income from other occupations or from family.<ref>Peter T. Murphy (2005), "Poetry as an Occupation and an Art in Britain", [[Cambridge University Press]].</ref> This included poets such as [[William Wordsworth]] and [[Robert Burns]].

Poets such as [[Virgil]] in the [[Aeneid]] and [[John Milton]] in [[Paradise Lost]] invoked the aid of a [[Muse]].

==Education==
Poets of earlier times were often well read and highly educated people while others were to a large extent self-educated. A few poets such as [[John Gower]] and [[John Milton]] were able to write poetry in more than one language. Some Portuguese poets, as [[Francisco de Sá de Miranda]], wrote not only in Portuguese but also in Spanish.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francisco-de-Sa-de-Miranda|title=Francisco de Sá de Miranda | Portuguese author | Britannica|website=www.britannica.com|accessdate=24 December 2021|archive-date=6 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906200741/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francisco-de-Sa-de-Miranda|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jan Kochanowski]] wrote in Polish and in Latin,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08685b.htm|title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Jan Kochanowski|website=www.newadvent.org|accessdate=24 December 2021|archive-date=24 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224174021/https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08685b.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> [[France Prešeren]] and [[Karel Hynek Mácha]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.private-prague-guide.com/article/karel-hynek-macha-a-leading-poet-of-czech-romanticism/|title=Karel Hynek Mácha: A leading poet of Czech Romanticism – Prague Blog|accessdate=24 December 2021|archive-date=23 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123051200/https://www.private-prague-guide.com/article/karel-hynek-macha-a-leading-poet-of-czech-romanticism/|url-status=live}}</ref> wrote some poems in German, although they were poets of Slovenian and Czech respectively. [[Adam Mickiewicz]], the greatest poet of Polish language, wrote a Latin ode for emperor [[Napoleon III]]. Another example is [[Jerzy Pietrkiewicz]], a Polish poet. When he moved to Great Britain, he ceased to write poetry in Polish, but started writing novel in English.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/jerzy-peterkiewicz-polish-poet-turned-english-novelist-774317.html|title=Jerzy Peterkiewicz: Polish poet turned English novelist|date=26 January 2008|website=The Independent|accessdate=24 December 2021|archive-date=12 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112110030/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/jerzy-peterkiewicz-polish-poet-turned-english-novelist-774317.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He also translated poetry from English and into English.

Many universities offer degrees in creative writing though these only came into existence in the 20th century. While these courses are not necessary for a career as a poet, they can be helpful as training, and for giving the student several years of time focused on their writing.<ref>Nikki Moustaki (2001), ''The Complete Idiot's Guide to Writing Poetry'', Penguin.</ref>

==Poets of sacred verse==
{{Main|Lyricist}}

[[Lyricist|Lyrical poets]] who write sacred poetry ("[[hymnographer|hymnographers]]") differ from the usual image of poets in a number of ways. A hymnographer such as [[Isaac Watts]] who wrote 700 poems in his lifetime, may have their lyrics sung by millions of people every Sunday morning, but are not always included in [[List of poetry anthologies|anthologies of poetry]]. Because hymns are perceived of as "[[worship]]" rather than "poetry", the term "artistic kenosis" is sometimes used to describe the hymnographer's success in "emptying out" the instinct to succeed as a poet. A singer in the pew might have several of Watts's stanzas memorized, without ever knowing his name or thinking of him as a poet.

==See also==
* [[List of poets]]
* [[Bard]]
* [[Lyricist]]
* [[List of poetry groups and movements]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Reginald Gibbons (ed), ''The Poet's Work: 29 poets on the origins and practice of their art''. University of Chicago Press (1979). {{ISBN|978-0-226-29054-6}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=aKSPN3JWMFAC&q=what+is+the+poet at Google Books]
{{wiktionary|poet|poetess}}
{{wikiquote|Poets}}
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{{Lists of poets}}
{{Poetry of different cultures and languages}}
{{Schools of poetry}}
{{Portal bar|Poetry}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Poets| ]]
[[Category:Occupations in literature]]

Poet - Revision history

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article