Podu (agriculture) - Revision history

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	{{About\|an Indian method of agriculture\|\|Podu (disambiguation){{!}}Podu}}		{{About\|an Indian method of agriculture\|\|Podu (disambiguation){{!}}Podu}}

	''Podu'' is a traditional system of cultivation used by tribes in India, whereby different areas of jungle forest are cleared by burning each year to provide land for crops.<ref>{{cite book \|first=Atlury \|last=Murali \|chapter=Tribal Armed Rebellion of 1922-1924 in the Madras Presidency: A Study of Causation as Colonial Legitimation \|title=Savage Attack: Tribal Insurgency in India \|editor-first=Crispin \|editor-last=Bates \|publisher=Taylor & Francis \|year=2017 \|isbn=978-1-35158-744-0}}</ref> The word comes from the [[Telugu language]].<ref>{{cite book \|title=Gonds of the Central Indian Highlands \|volume=2 \|publisher=Concept Publishing Company \|page=583 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gu_cN0MhteMC&pg=PA583 \|first=Behram H. \|last=Mehta \|year=1984}}</ref>		'''Podu''' is a traditional system of cultivation used by tribes in India, whereby different areas of jungle forest are cleared by burning each year to provide land for crops.<ref>{{cite book \|first=Atlury \|last=Murali \|chapter=Tribal Armed Rebellion of 1922-1924 in the Madras Presidency: A Study of Causation as Colonial Legitimation \|title=Savage Attack: Tribal Insurgency in India \|editor-first=Crispin \|editor-last=Bates \|publisher=Taylor & Francis \|year=2017 \|isbn=978-1-35158-744-0}}</ref> The word comes from the [[Telugu language]].<ref>{{cite book \|title=Gonds of the Central Indian Highlands \|volume=2 \|publisher=Concept Publishing Company \|page=583 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gu_cN0MhteMC&pg=PA583 \|first=Behram H. \|last=Mehta \|year=1984}}</ref>

	Podu is a form of [[shifting agriculture]] using [[slash-and-burn]] methods. Traditionally used on the hill-slopes of [[Andhra Pradesh]], it is similar to the jhum method found in north-east India and the bewar system of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Since the 1930s, there have been attempts to restrict its use in order to conserve forests and permit growth of commercial tree species such as [[teak]]. In the 1980s, it remained the principal method of tilling land for some tribal communities in districts such as [[East Godavari district\|East Godavari]], [[West Godavari district\|West Godavari]] and, most prevalently, [[Srikakulam district\|Srikakulam]], although even by the 1950s its use by the [[Kolam people\|Kolam]] and Naikpod tribes of [[Adilabad district]] had been entirely suppressed. One reason for the difference in treatment~~, whereby the system is tolerated in areas such as Srikakulam but its practitioners have been forcibly evicted in Adilabad,~~ is that ~~the people~~ in some districts ~~are relatively docile and~~ have ~~not risen up,~~ with ~~the encouragement of~~ [[Naxalite]] insurgents, ~~against~~ outside interference as ~~they have elsewhere~~.<ref name="cvfh">{{cite book \|title=Tribes of India: The Struggle for Survival \|first=Christoph \|last=von Fürer-Haimendorf \|publisher=University of California Press \|year=1982 \|isbn=978-0-52004-315-2 \|pages=75–78 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bq6VDF9gB4gC&pg=PA75 \|authorlink=Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf}}</ref>		Podu is a form of [[shifting agriculture]] using [[slash-and-burn]] methods. Traditionally used on the hill-slopes of [[Andhra Pradesh]], it is similar to the jhum method found in north-east India and the bewar system of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Since the 1930s, there have been attempts to restrict its use in order to conserve forests and permit growth of commercial tree species such as [[teak]]. In the 1980s, it remained the principal method of tilling land for some tribal communities in districts such as [[East Godavari district\|East Godavari]], [[West Godavari district\|West Godavari]] and, most prevalently, [[Srikakulam district\|Srikakulam]], although even by the 1950s its use by the [[Kolam people\|Kolam]] and Naikpod tribes of [[Adilabad district]] had been entirely suppressed. One reason for the difference in treatment is that tribesmen in some districts (e.g. Srikakulam) have violently defended their rights in tandem with [[Naxalite]] insurgents, while those in other districts (e.g. Adilabad) did not resist outside interference as strongly.<ref name="cvfh">{{cite book \|title=Tribes of India: The Struggle for Survival \|first=Christoph \|last=von Fürer-Haimendorf \|publisher=University of California Press \|year=1982 \|isbn=978-0-52004-315-2 \|pages=75–78 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bq6VDF9gB4gC&pg=PA75 \|authorlink=Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf}}</ref>

	Ethnologist [[Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf]] has noted that, at least in some areas, the podu system also carried implied land rights. A resident of a village could return to land that they had previously cultivated as part of a rotation without fear of dispute from other villagers, although land that had lain unused for some time was considered to be common property and could be adopted for clearance by any villager. He noted that over the period ~~1941-1979~~, which were the occasions of his academic field-work, forest officials had introduced restrictions on use but that these were not as onerous in some places as in others, and that in villages with little flat land there were none at all.<ref name="cvfh"/>		Ethnologist [[Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf]] has noted that, at least in some areas, the podu system also carried implied land rights. A resident of a village could return to land that they had previously cultivated as part of a rotation without fear of dispute from other villagers, although land that had lain unused for some time was considered to be common property and could be adopted for clearance by any villager. He noted that over the period 1941–1979, which were the occasions of his academic field-work, forest officials had introduced restrictions on use but that these were not as onerous in some places as in others, and that in villages with little flat land there were none at all.<ref name="cvfh"/>

	== References ==		== References ==

2405:204:28B:33B0:7458:5901:7CF3:AB82 at 14:51, 18 February 2022

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← Older revision		Revision as of 20:21, 18 February 2022
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	{{About\|an Indian method of agriculture\|\|Podu (disambiguation){{!}}Podu}}		{{About\|an Indian method of agriculture\|\|Podu (disambiguation){{!}}Podu}}

	'''Podu''' is a traditional system of cultivation used by tribes in India, whereby different areas of jungle forest are cleared by burning each year to provide land for crops.<ref>{{cite book \|first=Atlury \|last=Murali \|chapter=Tribal Armed Rebellion of 1922-1924 in the Madras Presidency: A Study of Causation as Colonial Legitimation \|title=Savage Attack: Tribal Insurgency in India \|editor-first=Crispin \|editor-last=Bates \|publisher=Taylor & Francis \|year=2017 \|isbn=978-1-35158-744-0}}</ref> The word comes from the [[Telugu language]].<ref>{{cite book \|title=Gonds of the Central Indian Highlands \|volume=2 \|publisher=Concept Publishing Company \|page=583 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gu_cN0MhteMC&pg=PA583 \|first=Behram H. \|last=Mehta \|year=1984}}</ref>		''Podu'' is a traditional system of cultivation used by tribes in India, whereby different areas of jungle forest are cleared by burning each year to provide land for crops.<ref>{{cite book \|first=Atlury \|last=Murali \|chapter=Tribal Armed Rebellion of 1922-1924 in the Madras Presidency: A Study of Causation as Colonial Legitimation \|title=Savage Attack: Tribal Insurgency in India \|editor-first=Crispin \|editor-last=Bates \|publisher=Taylor & Francis \|year=2017 \|isbn=978-1-35158-744-0}}</ref> The word comes from the [[Telugu language]].<ref>{{cite book \|title=Gonds of the Central Indian Highlands \|volume=2 \|publisher=Concept Publishing Company \|page=583 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gu_cN0MhteMC&pg=PA583 \|first=Behram H. \|last=Mehta \|year=1984}}</ref>

	Podu is a form of [[shifting agriculture]] using [[slash-and-burn]] methods. Traditionally used on the hill-slopes of [[Andhra Pradesh]], it is similar to the jhum method found in north-east India and the bewar system of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Since the 1930s, there have been attempts to restrict its use in order to conserve forests and permit growth of commercial tree species such as [[teak]]. In the 1980s, it remained the principal method of tilling land for some tribal communities in districts such as [[East Godavari district\|East Godavari]], [[West Godavari district\|West Godavari]] and, most prevalently, [[Srikakulam district\|Srikakulam]], although even by the 1950s its use by the [[Kolam people\|Kolam]] and Naikpod tribes of [[Adilabad district]] had been entirely suppressed. One reason for the difference in treatment, whereby the system is tolerated in areas such as Srikakulam but its practitioners have been forcibly evicted in Adilabad, is that the people in some districts are relatively docile and have not risen up, with the encouragement of [[Naxalite]] insurgents, against outside interference as they have elsewhere.<ref name="cvfh">{{cite book \|title=Tribes of India: The Struggle for Survival \|first=Christoph \|last=von Fürer-Haimendorf \|publisher=University of California Press \|year=1982 \|isbn=978-0-52004-315-2 \|pages=75–78 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bq6VDF9gB4gC&pg=PA75 \|authorlink=Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf}}</ref>		Podu is a form of [[shifting agriculture]] using [[slash-and-burn]] methods. Traditionally used on the hill-slopes of [[Andhra Pradesh]], it is similar to the jhum method found in north-east India and the bewar system of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Since the 1930s, there have been attempts to restrict its use in order to conserve forests and permit growth of commercial tree species such as [[teak]]. In the 1980s, it remained the principal method of tilling land for some tribal communities in districts such as [[East Godavari district\|East Godavari]], [[West Godavari district\|West Godavari]] and, most prevalently, [[Srikakulam district\|Srikakulam]], although even by the 1950s its use by the [[Kolam people\|Kolam]] and Naikpod tribes of [[Adilabad district]] had been entirely suppressed. One reason for the difference in treatment, whereby the system is tolerated in areas such as Srikakulam but its practitioners have been forcibly evicted in Adilabad, is that the people in some districts are relatively docile and have not risen up, with the encouragement of [[Naxalite]] insurgents, against outside interference as they have elsewhere.<ref name="cvfh">{{cite book \|title=Tribes of India: The Struggle for Survival \|first=Christoph \|last=von Fürer-Haimendorf \|publisher=University of California Press \|year=1982 \|isbn=978-0-52004-315-2 \|pages=75–78 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bq6VDF9gB4gC&pg=PA75 \|authorlink=Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf}}</ref>

->Mvqr: Reverted 1 edit by 2401:4900:4828:A4F7:2:2:8EAE:A657 (talk) to last revision by 49.205.241.131

2021-09-23T13:19:29Z

Reverted 1 edit by 2401:4900:4828:A4F7:2:2:8EAE:A657 (talk) to last revision by 49.205.241.131

New page

{{use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{use Indian English|date=September 2017}}
{{About|an Indian method of agriculture||Podu (disambiguation){{!}}Podu}}

'''Podu''' is a traditional system of cultivation used by tribes in India, whereby different areas of jungle forest are cleared by burning each year to provide land for crops.<ref>{{cite book |first=Atlury |last=Murali |chapter=Tribal Armed Rebellion of 1922-1924 in the Madras Presidency: A Study of Causation as Colonial Legitimation |title=Savage Attack: Tribal Insurgency in India |editor-first=Crispin |editor-last=Bates |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-35158-744-0}}</ref> The word comes from the [[Telugu language]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Gonds of the Central Indian Highlands |volume=2 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |page=583 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gu_cN0MhteMC&pg=PA583 |first=Behram H. |last=Mehta |year=1984}}</ref>

Podu is a form of [[shifting agriculture]] using [[slash-and-burn]] methods. Traditionally used on the hill-slopes of [[Andhra Pradesh]], it is similar to the jhum method found in north-east India and the bewar system of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Since the 1930s, there have been attempts to restrict its use in order to conserve forests and permit growth of commercial tree species such as [[teak]]. In the 1980s, it remained the principal method of tilling land for some tribal communities in districts such as [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]], [[West Godavari district|West Godavari]] and, most prevalently, [[Srikakulam district|Srikakulam]], although even by the 1950s its use by the [[Kolam people|Kolam]] and Naikpod tribes of [[Adilabad district]] had been entirely suppressed. One reason for the difference in treatment, whereby the system is tolerated in areas such as Srikakulam but its practitioners have been forcibly evicted in Adilabad, is that the people in some districts are relatively docile and have not risen up, with the encouragement of [[Naxalite]] insurgents, against outside interference as they have elsewhere.<ref name="cvfh">{{cite book |title=Tribes of India: The Struggle for Survival |first=Christoph |last=von Fürer-Haimendorf |publisher=University of California Press |year=1982 |isbn=978-0-52004-315-2 |pages=75–78 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bq6VDF9gB4gC&pg=PA75 |authorlink=Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf}}</ref>

Ethnologist [[Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf]] has noted that, at least in some areas, the podu system also carried implied land rights. A resident of a village could return to land that they had previously cultivated as part of a rotation without fear of dispute from other villagers, although land that had lain unused for some time was considered to be common property and could be adopted for clearance by any villager. He noted that over the period 1941-1979, which were the occasions of his academic field-work, forest officials had introduced restrictions on use but that these were not as onerous in some places as in others, and that in villages with little flat land there were none at all.<ref name="cvfh"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
*{{cite book |title=Food & Nutritional Security: Role of Food Assistance in India: Compilation of Papers from WFP State Consultation Series Held in Seven States of India, 2002-2003 |first=Nira |last=Ramachandran |chapter=Food Safety Nets |others=World Food Programme |publisher=Lancer Publishers |year=2006 |isbn=978-8-17062-250-5 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5VY4P2YQ-D0C&pg=PA64}}

[[Category:Agricultural terminology]]
[[Category:Agriculture in India]]
[[Category:Economy of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Tribal communities of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Forestry in India]]