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{{short description|Geologic formation in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox rockunit
| name = Pinjor Formation
| image =
| caption =
| type = [[Geological formation]]
| age = [[Pleistocene]]<br />~{{fossil range|2.28|0.73}}[[Pleistocene]]
| period = Pleistocene
| prilithology =
| otherlithology =
| namedfor =
| namedby =
| region = [[Hariyana]], [[Punjab India]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Punjab Pakistan]], [[Chandigarh]]
| country = {{flag|India}}
| coordinates = {{coord|30.7|N|76.8|E|display=inline,title}}
| paleocoordinates = {{coord|29.2|N|77.3|E|display=inline}}
| unitof =
| subunits =
| underlies = [[Tatrot Formation]]
| overlies =
| thickness =
| extent =
| area =
| map = {{Location map+ | India
| relief = 1
| width = 250
| float = center
| places =
{{Location map~ | India
| lat_deg = 30.7
| lon_deg = 76.8
| mark = Cyan pog.svg
| marksize = 10
}}
}}
| map_caption =
}}

The '''Pinjor Formation''' is a Cenozoic geologic formation in [[India]]. The fossils of large [[crocodilia]]ns and [[mammal]]s have been recovered from the formation.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=V. Kumaravel |first1=S. J. Sangode |last2=Rohtash Kumar |first2=N. Siva Siddaiah |year=2005 |title=Magnetic polarity stratigraphy of Plio–Pleistocene Pinjor Formation (type locality), Siwalik Group, NW Himalaya, India |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad184 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24110713 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Paleobiota ==

=== Reptiles ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[[Reptile]]s from the Pinjor Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Material !! Location !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Rhamphosuchus]]''<ref name=Martin2018>{{Cite journal|last=Martin|first=J. E. |year=2018 |title=The taxonomic content of the genus ''Gavialis'' from the Siwalik Hills of India and Pakistan |journal=Papers in Palaeontology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=483–497 |language=en|doi=10.1002/spp2.1247|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02123647/file/2019Gavialis.pdf }}</ref>
| ''R. crassidens''
| piece of rostrum, middle portion of craniurns, hind portion of mandibular symphysis, quadrate and quadratojugal, partial mandibular symphysis, several vertebrae, left ilium, small left ilium, right fibula, and several scute.
| [[Chandigarh]]
| A large [[Gavialidae|gavialid]]
| [[File:Rhamphosuchus crassidens.jpg|center|250px]]
|-
| rowspan="3" | ''[[Gavialis]]''
| ''[[Gavialis browni|G. browni]]''
| rowspan="3" |
| rowspan="3" | [[Chandigarh]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Gharial]]s
| rowspan="3" | [[File:Gharial.jpg|centre|240px]]
|-
| ''[[Gharial|G. gangeticus]]''
|-
| ''G.'' sp.
|-
| rowspan="3" | ''[[Crocodylus]]''
| ''[[Mugger crocodile|C. palustris]]''
| rowspan="3" |
| rowspan="3" | [[Chandigarh]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Mugger Crocodile|Mugger crocodile]]s
| rowspan="3" | [[File:PK Kirthar NP asv2020-02 img25.jpg|centre|240px]]
|-
| ''C. biporcatus''
|-
| [[Crocodylus palaeindicus|''C. palaeoindicus'']]
|-
| ''[[Varanus (Varanus)|Varanus]]''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hocknull |first1=Scott |last2=Piper |first2=Philip |last3=Van den Bergh |first3=Gert |last4=Due |first4=Rokus |last5=Morwood |first5=Michael |last6=Kurniawan |first6=Iwan |year=2009 |title=Dragon's Paradise Lost: Palaeobiogeography, Evolution and Extinction of the Largest-Ever Terrestrial Lizards (Varanidae) |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=4 |issue=9 |article-number=e7241 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0007241|doi-access=free |pmid=19789642 |pmc=2748693 |bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.7241H |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26856417}}</ref>
| ''[[Varanus sivalensis|V. sivalensis]]''
| Distal end of right humerus and dorsal vertebrae
| [[Chandigarh]]
| A large [[monitor lizard]] similar to the [[Komodo dragon]]
| [[File:VaranusSivalensis.png|centre|240px]]
|-
| ''[[Omegachelys]]''
| ''O. sahnii''
|
| [[Uttar Pradesh]],
[[Himachal Pradesh]]
| An [[Emydidae|emydid]] turtle
|
|-
| ''[[Geoclemys]]''
| ''G. hamiltonii''
|
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| A [[Geoemydidae|geoemydid]] turtle
| [[File:Geoclemys hamiltonii Biswanath 01.jpg|centre|240px]]
|-
| ''[[Hardella]]''
| ''H. thurjii''
|
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| A geoemydidae turtle
| [[File:Hardella thurjii Hardwicke.jpg|centre|240px]]
|-
| ''[[Megalochelys]]''
| sp.
|
| [[Chandigarh]]
| A [[tortoise]]
| [[File:Colossochelys atlas.jpg|centre|240px]]
|}

=== Mammals ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[[Mammal]]s from the Pinjor Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Material !! Location !! Notes !! Images
|-
| rowspan="4" | ''[[Elephas]]''
| [[Asian elephant|''E. maximus'']]
| rowspan="4" |
| rowspan="4" | [[Chandigarh]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Asian elephant]]s
| rowspan="4" | [[File:Asian Elephant tusker 03.jpg|centre|200px]]
|-
| ''[[Elephas hysudricus|E. hysudricus]]''
|-
| ''[[Elephas planifrons|E. planifrons]]''
|-
| ''[[Elephas platycephalus|E. platycephalus]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Rat|''Mus'']]
| ''M. linnaeusi''
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Chandigarh]]
| rowspan="2" | A [[rat]]
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| ''M. flynni''
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Tatera]]''
| ''T. pinjoricus''
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Chandigarh]]
| rowspan="2" | A [[Gerbillinae|gerbil]]
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| ''T.'' sp.
|-
| ''[[Punjabitherium]]''
| ''P. platyrhinum''
|
| [[Punjab India|Punjab]]
| A [[rhinoceros]]
|
|-
| ''[[Sivatherium]]''
| ''S. giganteum''
|
| [[Chandigarh]]
| A [[Giraffoidea|giraffoid]]
| [[File:MEPAN Sivatherium.jpg|240px]]
|-
| ''[[Coelodonta]]''
| ''C. platyrhinus''
|
| [[Chandigarh]]
| A [[woolly rhinoceros]]
| [[File:Coelodonta antiquitatis by Benjamin Langlois.jpg|240px]]
|-
| ''[[Camelus]]''
| ''C. sivalensis''<ref>{{cite book| publisher = R. Hardwicke| last = Falconer| first = Hugh| title = Palæontological Memoirs and Notes of the Late Hugh Falconer: Fauna antiqua sivalensis| year = 1868| page = [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_4r4wAQAAMAAJ/page/n274 231]| url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_4r4wAQAAMAAJ}}</ref>
|
| [[Chandigarh]]
| A [[camel]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Stegodon]]''
| ''S. bombifrons''
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Chandigarh]]
| rowspan="2" | A [[Stegodontidae|stegodontid]]
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| ''S. insignis''
|-
| ''[[Vishnuictis]]''
| ''V. durandi''
|
| [[Chandigarh]]
| A large [[viverrid]]
|
|-
| ''[[Enhydriodon]]''
| ''E. sivalensis''
|
| [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| A large [[Mustelidae|otter]]
|
|-
| ''[[Crocidura]]''
| sp.
|
| [[Chandigarh]]
| A [[Soricidae|shrew]]
|
|-
| ''[[Golunda]]''
| sp.
|
| [[Chandigarh]]
| A [[murine]] rodent
|
|-
| ''[[Bandicota]]''
| sp.
|
| [[Chandigarh]]
| A [[Muridae|murid]] rodent
|
|-
| ''[[Cremnomys]]''
| ''C. blanfordi''
|
| [[Chandigarh]]
| A [[rodent]]
|
|-
| ''[[Crocidura]]''
| sp.
|
| [[Chandigarh]]
| A murid rodent
|
|-
| ''[[Dilatomys]]''
| sp.
|
| [[Chandigarh]]
| A murid rodent
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Canis]]''
| ''C. pinjorensis''
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Chandigarh]]
| rowspan="2" | A [[wolf]]
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| ''C. cautleys''
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Megantereon]]''
| ''M. falconeri''
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Chandigarh]]
| rowspan="2" | A [[Machairodontinae|smilodont]]
| rowspan="2" | [[File:Megantereon cultridens skeleton.jpg|240px]]
|-
| ''M. palaeindicus''
|-
| ''[[Viverra]]''
| ''V. bakeri''
|
| [[Chandigarh]]
| A [[civet]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | ''[[Amblonyx]]''
| ''A. indicus''
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Chandigarh]]
| rowspan="2" | An [[otter]]
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| sp.
|-
| ''[[Panthera]]''
| ''P. cristata''
|
| [[Chandigarh]]
| A [[Panthera|panther]]
|
|-
| ''[[Agriotherium]]''
| ''A. sivalensis''
|
| [[Chandigarh]]
| A [[bear]]
|
|-
| ''[[Mellivora]]''
| ''[[Mellivora sivalensis|M. sivalensis]]''
|
|[[Chandigarh]]
|A [[Honey badger]]
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | ''[[Crocuta]]''
| ''C. sivalensis''
| rowspan="3" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Chandigarh]]
| rowspan="3" |A [[Hyena]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
| ''C. felina''
|-
| ''C. colvini''
|}

=== Crustaceans ===

{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[[Crustacean]]s from the Pinjor Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Material !! Location !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Potamon]]''
| sp.
|
| [[Chandigarh]]
| A [[crab]]
|
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Geologic formations]]

Pinjor Formation - Revision history

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