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	<title>Pinarayi - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-10-24T23:13:10Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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		<title>Saurabh jain: reworked information additionally and corrected details</title>
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		<updated>2026-02-27T14:38:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;reworked information additionally and corrected details&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 20:08, 27 February 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l64&quot;&gt;Line 64:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 64:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| footnotes               =   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| footnotes               =   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[File:Pinarayi.JPG|thumb|Mr.Pinarayi Vijayan is the current chief minister of the state of Kerala]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Pinarayi&#039;&#039;&#039; is a [[census town]] in [[Kannur district]] in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Kerala]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;amp;state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;amp;state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Pinarayi&#039;&#039;&#039; is a [[census town]] in [[Kannur district]] in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Kerala]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;amp;state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;amp;state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;(Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Geography==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Geography==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pinarayi is {{convert|18|km|mi}} from the district headquarters [[Kannur]]. The nearest town and railway station is [[Thalassery]] which is {{convert|&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/del&gt;|km|mi|abbr=on}} away. The village is surrounded by rivers on three sides, and the remaining boundaries consist of five &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/del&gt;panchayats&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/del&gt;: [[Kadirur]], [[Dharmadom]], [[Peralasseri]], [[Vengad]], Kottayam and [[Eranholi]]. The [[Arabian &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sea&lt;/del&gt;]] is just {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} away. For administrational purposes the panchayat is divided into two villages [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Eruvatty&lt;/del&gt;]] and Pinarayi. Pinarayi consists of 19 wards and almost all wards contains one or more &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/del&gt;primary &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;school]]s&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pinarayi is {{convert|18|km|mi}} from the district headquarters [[Kannur]]. The nearest town and railway station is [[Thalassery]] which is {{convert|&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/ins&gt;|km|mi|abbr=on}} away. The village is surrounded by rivers on three sides, and the remaining boundaries consist of five panchayats: [[Kadirur]], [[Dharmadom]], [[Peralasseri]], [[Vengad]], Kottayam and [[Eranholi]]. The [[Arabian &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Sea&lt;/ins&gt;]] is just {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} away. For administrational purposes the panchayat is divided into two villages [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Eruvatti&lt;/ins&gt;]] and Pinarayi. Pinarayi consists of 19 wards and almost all wards contains one or more primary &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;schools&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==History==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==History==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{unreferenced section|date=July 2019}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{unreferenced section|date=July 2019}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In the 1920s [[peasant]] and teachers organizations were strong in this village and there was widespread support for the [[Indian independence movement|freedom movement]]. As a part of the independence struggle, a boycott of foreign clothes was conducted in 1930, its leaders being AKG, AK Sankaran Nambiar, Kacherikkandi Chathukkutty and Thattari Kunhiraman. In 1938 seven thousand peasants marched from Pinarayi to Kottayam [[Kovilakam]] for reducing varam and pattam (rent paid by peasants to landlords). The population of Pinarayi during that time was around 10,000. This was considered as the first instance of unified mass movement against landlordism. NE Balaram, NE Nanu, AK Gopalan, Kundancheri Kunhiraman master, Pandyala Gopalan Master, Pinarayi Krishnan master and TV Govindan Nair were the leaders.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In the 1920s [[peasant]] and teachers organizations were strong in this village and there was widespread support for the [[Indian independence movement|freedom movement]]. As a part of the independence struggle, a boycott of foreign clothes was conducted in 1930, its leaders being AKG, AK Sankaran Nambiar, Kacherikkandi Chathukkutty and Thattari Kunhiraman. In 1938&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;seven thousand peasants marched from Pinarayi to Kottayam [[Kovilakam]] for reducing varam and pattam (rent paid by peasants to landlords). The population of Pinarayi during that time was around 10,000. This was considered as the first instance of unified mass movement against landlordism. NE Balaram, NE Nanu, AK Gopalan, Kundancheri Kunhiraman master, Pandyala Gopalan Master, Pinarayi Krishnan master and TV Govindan Nair were the leaders.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pinarayi is considered as a CPI(M) bastion after the division of CPI in 1964, and the first meeting of the Communist party of India was held at a place called Paraparam in Pinarayi and communist party formally constituted in this meeting. [[Pinarayi Vijayan]], the former State Secretary of Communist Party of India (Marxist) &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and the chief minister elect in May 2016, &lt;/del&gt;is a native of this village, and he is usually simply referred to by his village name Pinarayi.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pinarayi is considered as a CPI(M) bastion after the division of CPI in 1964, and the first meeting of the Communist party of India was held at a place called Paraparam in Pinarayi and communist party formally constituted in this meeting. [[Pinarayi Vijayan]], &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the current Chief Minister of Kerala and &lt;/ins&gt;the former State Secretary of Communist Party of India (Marxist) is a native of this village, and he is usually simply referred to by his village name Pinarayi.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!--==Basic Data==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!--==Basic Data==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l107&quot;&gt;Line 107:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 106:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Panchayat Presidents==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Panchayat Presidents==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*1957-1961: Krishnan&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/del&gt;P.M (un-united Pinarayi)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*1957-1961: Krishnan P. M&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/ins&gt;(un-united Pinarayi)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*1961-1964: Kunhukutty &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;master&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*1961-1964: Kunhukutty &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Master&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*1964-1967: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;TV &lt;/del&gt;Achuthan Nair&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*1964-1967: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;T. V. &lt;/ins&gt;Achuthan Nair&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*1967-1979: P Nanu&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*1967-1979: P&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/ins&gt;Nanu&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*1979-1994: Pandyala Gopalan &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;master&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*1979-1994: Pandyala Gopalan &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Master&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*1995-2005: Kakkoth Rajan&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*1995-2005: Kakkoth Rajan&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*2005-2010: V Leela&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*2005-2010: V&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/ins&gt;Leela&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*2010-2015: Konki Raveendran&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*2010-2015: Konki Raveendran&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*2015-2020: Geethamma&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*2015-2020: Geethamma&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;FROM &lt;/del&gt;2020: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;KK RAJEEVAN&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;From &lt;/ins&gt;2020: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;K. K. Rajeevan&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Education==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Education==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pinarayi has had [[primary education]] for more than 150 years.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pinarayi has had [[primary education]] for more than 150 years.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/del&gt;Kulathumkara&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/del&gt;village school that was established in the 1840s by &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/del&gt;Therela Kannan Gurikkal&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/del&gt;was later renamed as &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/del&gt;Therala&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/del&gt;lower primary school. However, in 1992 the Kerala state government closed the school arguing that it was uneconomic.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Kulathumkara village school that was established in the 1840s by Therela Kannan Gurikkal was later renamed as Therala lower primary school. However, in 1992 the Kerala state government closed the school arguing that it was uneconomic.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The [[Roman Catholic]] Amala Basic UP school was founded in 1919 by a missionary by the name of Fernandes, the first school in the village to provide [[English-medium education]], drawing students also from neighbouring villages.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The [[Roman Catholic]] Amala Basic UP school was founded in 1919 by a missionary by the name of Fernandes, the first school in the village to provide [[English-medium education]], drawing students also from neighbouring villages.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;On 10 June 1977 a [[high school]] was inaugurated at Pinarayi in the memory of the [[communist]] leader AKG. Its campus has an area of {{convert|3.15|acre|m2}}. Later this school was upgraded to higher secondary. High school and higher secondary studies are offered mainly by the A.K.G Memorial Higher secondary school. With the exception of this high school all the other schools were established in first part of 19th century. In total there are 9 lower primary schools and 6 upper primary schools and all these are under private management. There is &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;no technical institution in the village&lt;/del&gt;. A computer training facility is offered by the Pinarayi Electronics Industrial co-operative society (PELISO)&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. Three parallel colleges are there in this Panchayat&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;On 10 June 1977 a [[high school]] was inaugurated at Pinarayi in the memory of the [[communist]] leader AKG. Its campus has an area of {{convert|3.15|acre|m2}}. Later this school was upgraded to higher secondary. High school and higher secondary studies are offered mainly by the A.K.G Memorial Higher secondary school. With the exception of this high school all the other schools were established in first part of 19th century. In total there are 9 lower primary schools and 6 upper primary schools and all these are under private management. There is &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a Government Industrial Training Institute (ITI) maintained by Government of Kerala&lt;/ins&gt;. A computer training facility is offered by the Pinarayi Electronics Industrial co-operative society (PELISO).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!--Vengatteri Sankaran, Rairu Gurikkal and VV Kunhikkannan Nambiar were among famous teachers of that time.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;!--Vengatteri Sankaran, Rairu Gurikkal and VV Kunhikkannan Nambiar were among famous teachers of that time.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l151&quot;&gt;Line 151:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 150:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;As of [[2011 Census of India|2011 Census]], Pinarayi had a population of 16,801 where males constitute 46.3% of the population and females 53.7%. Pinarayi [[census town]] spreads over an area of {{cvt|9.63|km2}} with 3,922 families residing in it. The male female sex ratio was 1,158 higher than state average of 1,084. Pinarayi had an average literacy rate of 97.4%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 98.7%, and female literacy is 96.3%. In Pinarayi, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;As of [[2011 Census of India|2011 Census]], Pinarayi had a population of 16,801 where males constitute 46.3% of the population and females 53.7%. Pinarayi [[census town]] spreads over an area of {{cvt|9.63|km2}} with 3,922 families residing in it. The male female sex ratio was 1,158 higher than state average of 1,084. Pinarayi had an average literacy rate of 97.4%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 98.7%, and female literacy is 96.3%. In Pinarayi, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pinarayi Panchayat have administration over Pinarayi and [[Eruvatti]] census towns.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Kerala |first1=Directorate of Census Operations |title=District Census Handbook, Kannur |publisher=&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Directorateof &lt;/del&gt;Census Operations,Kerala |location=Thiruvananthapuram |page=204,205,374 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3202_PART_B_KANNUR.pdf |access-date=14 July 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pinarayi Panchayat have administration over Pinarayi and [[Eruvatti]] census towns.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Kerala |first1=Directorate of Census Operations |title=District Census Handbook, Kannur |publisher=&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Directorate of &lt;/ins&gt;Census Operations, Kerala |location=Thiruvananthapuram |page=204,205,374 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3202_PART_B_KANNUR.pdf |access-date=14 July 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Places of worship==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Places of worship==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l157&quot;&gt;Line 157:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 156:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Transportation==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Transportation==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The national highway passes through [[Thalassery]] town.  Goa and [[Mumbai]] can be accessed on the northern side and [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cochin&lt;/del&gt;]] and [[Thiruvananthapuram]] can be accessed on the southern side.  The road to the east of [[Iritty]] connects to [[Mysore]] and [[Bangalore]]. The nearest railway station is [[Thalassery]] on [[Mangalore]]-[[Palakkad]] line.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The national highway passes through [[Thalassery]] town.  Goa and [[Mumbai]] can be accessed on the northern side and [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Kochi&lt;/ins&gt;]] and [[Thiruvananthapuram]] can be accessed on the southern side.  The road to the east of [[Iritty]] connects to [[Mysore]] and [[Bangalore]]. The nearest railway station is [[Thalassery]] on [[Mangalore]]-[[Palakkad]] line.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Trains are available to almost all parts of India subject to advance booking over the internet.  There are airports at [[Kannur International Airport|Kannur]], [[Mangalore Airport|Mangalore]] and [[Calicut International Airport|&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Calicut&lt;/del&gt;]]. All of them are international airports but direct flights are available only to Middle Eastern countries.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Trains are available to almost all parts of India subject to advance booking over the internet.  There are airports at [[Kannur International Airport|Kannur]], [[Mangalore Airport|Mangalore]] and [[Calicut International Airport|&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Kozhikode&lt;/ins&gt;]]. All of them are international airports but direct flights are available only to Middle Eastern countries.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==Famous people==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [[Pinarayi Vijayan]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==See also==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==See also==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l182&quot;&gt;Line 182:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 184:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==External links==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==External links==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[http://www.pinarayionline.com Photos and videos of Pinarayi]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[http://www.pinarayionline.com Photos and videos of Pinarayi] &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815023813/http://www.pinarayionline.com/ |date=15 August 2016 }}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Kannur district}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Kannur district}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Saurabh jain</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinarayi&amp;diff=252906&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>2409:4073:208D:18B8:283B:39E1:A789:31C9: /* Geography */Fixed distance according to google map</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinarayi&amp;diff=252906&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-12-24T05:53:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Geography: &lt;/span&gt;Fixed distance according to google map&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 11:23, 24 December 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l68&quot;&gt;Line 68:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 68:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Geography==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Geography==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pinarayi is {{convert|&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;20&lt;/del&gt;|km|mi}} from the district headquarters [[Kannur]]. The nearest town and railway station is [[Thalassery]] which is {{convert|8|km|mi|abbr=on}} away. The village is surrounded by rivers on three sides, and the remaining boundaries consist of five [[panchayats]]: [[Kadirur]], [[Dharmadom]], [[Peralasseri]], [[Vengad]], Kottayam and [[Eranholi]]. The [[Arabian sea]] is just {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} away. For administrational purposes the panchayat is divided into two villages [[Eruvatty]] and Pinarayi. Pinarayi consists of 19 wards and almost all wards contains one or more [[primary school]]s.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pinarayi is {{convert|&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;18&lt;/ins&gt;|km|mi}} from the district headquarters [[Kannur]]. The nearest town and railway station is [[Thalassery]] which is {{convert|8|km|mi|abbr=on}} away. The village is surrounded by rivers on three sides, and the remaining boundaries consist of five [[panchayats]]: [[Kadirur]], [[Dharmadom]], [[Peralasseri]], [[Vengad]], Kottayam and [[Eranholi]]. The [[Arabian sea]] is just {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} away. For administrational purposes the panchayat is divided into two villages [[Eruvatty]] and Pinarayi. Pinarayi consists of 19 wards and almost all wards contains one or more [[primary school]]s.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==History==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==History==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>2409:4073:208D:18B8:283B:39E1:A789:31C9</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinarayi&amp;diff=248216&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>-&gt;Geethu Prakash at 15:05, 23 November 2021</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinarayi&amp;diff=248216&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-11-23T15:05:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{for|the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] leader|Pinarayi Vijayan}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{More citations needed|date=August 2007}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox settlement&lt;br /&gt;
| name                    = Pinarayi&lt;br /&gt;
| other_name              = Olayambalam&lt;br /&gt;
| nickname                = &lt;br /&gt;
| settlement_type         = [[Census Town]]&lt;br /&gt;
| image_skyline           = &lt;br /&gt;
| image_alt               = &lt;br /&gt;
| image_caption           = &lt;br /&gt;
| pushpin_map             = India Kerala#India&lt;br /&gt;
| pushpin_label_position  = &lt;br /&gt;
| pushpin_map_alt         = &lt;br /&gt;
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in Kerala, India&lt;br /&gt;
| coordinates             = {{coord|11.821782|N|75.497288|E|display=inline,title}}&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_type        = Country&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|India}}&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_type1       = [[States and territories of India|State]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_name1       = [[Kerala]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_type2       = [[List of districts of India|District]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_name2       = [[Kannur district|Kannur]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_type3  = [[Taluks of Kerala|Taluk]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_name3  = [[Thalassery]]&lt;br /&gt;
| established_title       = &amp;lt;!-- Established --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| established_date        = &lt;br /&gt;
| founder                 = &lt;br /&gt;
| named_for               = &lt;br /&gt;
| government_type         = [[Panchayati raj (India)]]&lt;br /&gt;
| governing_body          = Pinarayi Grama Panchayat&lt;br /&gt;
| leader_title            = President&lt;br /&gt;
| leader_name             = K. K. Rajeevan&lt;br /&gt;
| unit_pref               = Metric&lt;br /&gt;
| area_footnotes          = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_rank               = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 9.63&lt;br /&gt;
| elevation_footnotes     = &lt;br /&gt;
| elevation_m             = &lt;br /&gt;
| population_total        = 16,801&lt;br /&gt;
| population_as_of        = 2011&lt;br /&gt;
| population_rank         = &lt;br /&gt;
| population_density_km2  = auto&lt;br /&gt;
| population_demonym      = &lt;br /&gt;
| population_footnotes    = &lt;br /&gt;
| demographics_type1      = Languages&lt;br /&gt;
| demographics1_title1    = Official&lt;br /&gt;
| demographics1_info1     = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], English&lt;br /&gt;
| timezone1               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]&lt;br /&gt;
| utc_offset1             = +5:30&lt;br /&gt;
| postal_code_type        = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]&lt;br /&gt;
| postal_code             = 670741&lt;br /&gt;
| area_code_type          = Telephone code&lt;br /&gt;
| area_code               = 0490-382454&lt;br /&gt;
| registration_plate      = KL 58 KL 13&lt;br /&gt;
| blank1_name_sec1        = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]&lt;br /&gt;
| blank1_info_sec1        = 1000M/1047F [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]&lt;br /&gt;
| blank2_name_sec1       = [[Lok Sabha]] Constituency&lt;br /&gt;
| blank2_info_sec1       = Kannur&lt;br /&gt;
| blank3_name_sec1       = [[Vidhan Sabha]] Constituency&lt;br /&gt;
| blank3_info_sec1       = Dharmadam&lt;br /&gt;
| website                 = {{URL|www.pinarayionline.com}}&lt;br /&gt;
| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-KL]]&lt;br /&gt;
| footnotes               =  &lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Pinarayi.JPG|thumb|Mr.Pinarayi Vijayan is the current chief minister of the state of Kerala]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Pinarayi&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is a [[census town]] in [[Kannur district]] in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Kerala]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;amp;state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;amp;state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns  (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Geography==&lt;br /&gt;
Pinarayi is {{convert|20|km|mi}} from the district headquarters [[Kannur]]. The nearest town and railway station is [[Thalassery]] which is {{convert|8|km|mi|abbr=on}} away. The village is surrounded by rivers on three sides, and the remaining boundaries consist of five [[panchayats]]: [[Kadirur]], [[Dharmadom]], [[Peralasseri]], [[Vengad]], Kottayam and [[Eranholi]]. The [[Arabian sea]] is just {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} away. For administrational purposes the panchayat is divided into two villages [[Eruvatty]] and Pinarayi. Pinarayi consists of 19 wards and almost all wards contains one or more [[primary school]]s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2019}}&lt;br /&gt;
In the 1920s [[peasant]] and teachers organizations were strong in this village and there was widespread support for the [[Indian independence movement|freedom movement]]. As a part of the independence struggle, a boycott of foreign clothes was conducted in 1930, its leaders being AKG, AK Sankaran Nambiar, Kacherikkandi Chathukkutty and Thattari Kunhiraman. In 1938 seven thousand peasants marched from Pinarayi to Kottayam [[Kovilakam]] for reducing varam and pattam (rent paid by peasants to landlords). The population of Pinarayi during that time was around 10,000. This was considered as the first instance of unified mass movement against landlordism. NE Balaram, NE Nanu, AK Gopalan, Kundancheri Kunhiraman master, Pandyala Gopalan Master, Pinarayi Krishnan master and TV Govindan Nair were the leaders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pinarayi is considered as a CPI(M) bastion after the division of CPI in 1964, and the first meeting of the Communist party of India was held at a place called Paraparam in Pinarayi and communist party formally constituted in this meeting. [[Pinarayi Vijayan]], the former State Secretary of Communist Party of India (Marxist) and the chief minister elect in May 2016, is a native of this village, and he is usually simply referred to by his village name Pinarayi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--==Basic Data==&lt;br /&gt;
*Area 	20.04&amp;amp;nbsp;km&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
*Population 	28759 (91 census)&lt;br /&gt;
*Sex ratio 	1000M/1047F&lt;br /&gt;
*Panchayat Capital 	Olayambalam&lt;br /&gt;
*Revenue Villages  	Pinarayi, Eruvatty&lt;br /&gt;
*No of Wards 	15&lt;br /&gt;
*Exchange 	Mambaram&lt;br /&gt;
*Telephone No 	0490-382454&lt;br /&gt;
*Panchayat Address 	Pinarayi Grama Panchayat, Pin 670741&lt;br /&gt;
*	Pinarayi P.O.&lt;br /&gt;
*	Kannur-670 741, Kerala&lt;br /&gt;
*East 	Kottayam Panchayat&lt;br /&gt;
*West 	Dharmadam Panchayat (Andalur-Melur Puzha)&lt;br /&gt;
*North 	Paralassery, Vengad Panchayat (Ancharakkandy river)&lt;br /&gt;
*South 	Kathirur, Eranholy Panchayat ( Ummenchira, Andalur river)&lt;br /&gt;
*Block Panchayat 	Thalassery&lt;br /&gt;
*Taluk 	Thalassery&lt;br /&gt;
*Assembly Constituency 	Dharmadam&lt;br /&gt;
*Parliament Constituency 	Kannur&lt;br /&gt;
*President 	Konki Raveendran&lt;br /&gt;
*Vice President 	Geethamma&lt;br /&gt;
*No. of Hospitals 	5&lt;br /&gt;
*No. of Schools 	16&lt;br /&gt;
*No. of Libraries 	17&lt;br /&gt;
*No. of Temples 	30&lt;br /&gt;
*No. of Mosques 	15&lt;br /&gt;
*No. of Social &amp;amp; Cultural clubs 	61&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Panchayat Presidents==&lt;br /&gt;
*1957-1961: Krishnan.P.M (un-united Pinarayi)&lt;br /&gt;
*1961-1964: Kunhukutty master&lt;br /&gt;
*1964-1967: TV Achuthan Nair&lt;br /&gt;
*1967-1979: P Nanu&lt;br /&gt;
*1979-1994: Pandyala Gopalan master&lt;br /&gt;
*1995-2005: Kakkoth Rajan&lt;br /&gt;
*2005-2010: V Leela&lt;br /&gt;
*2010-2015: Konki Raveendran&lt;br /&gt;
*2015-2020: Geethamma&lt;br /&gt;
*FROM 2020: KK RAJEEVAN&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Education==&lt;br /&gt;
Pinarayi has had [[primary education]] for more than 150 years.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Kulathumkara]] village school that was established in the 1840s by [[Therela Kannan Gurikkal]] was later renamed as [[Therala]] lower primary school. However, in 1992 the Kerala state government closed the school arguing that it was uneconomic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[Roman Catholic]] Amala Basic UP school was founded in 1919 by a missionary by the name of Fernandes, the first school in the village to provide [[English-medium education]], drawing students also from neighbouring villages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On 10 June 1977 a [[high school]] was inaugurated at Pinarayi in the memory of the [[communist]] leader AKG. Its campus has an area of {{convert|3.15|acre|m2}}. Later this school was upgraded to higher secondary. High school and higher secondary studies are offered mainly by the A.K.G Memorial Higher secondary school. With the exception of this high school all the other schools were established in first part of 19th century. In total there are 9 lower primary schools and 6 upper primary schools and all these are under private management. There is no technical institution in the village. A computer training facility is offered by the Pinarayi Electronics Industrial co-operative society (PELISO). Three parallel colleges are there in this Panchayat.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--Vengatteri Sankaran, Rairu Gurikkal and VV Kunhikkannan Nambiar were among famous teachers of that time.&lt;br /&gt;
*Panunda UP School 	Panunda LP School&lt;br /&gt;
*Kozhoor UP School 	Venduttayi LP School&lt;br /&gt;
*Ummenchira Mappila LP School 	AKG Memorial Govt. Higher secondary School&lt;br /&gt;
*Kizhakkumbhagam junior basic school 	Ganapathi Vilasam Basic UP School&lt;br /&gt;
*Padannakkara UP School 	Kolad junior UP School&lt;br /&gt;
*Saradavilasam junior basic School 	RC Amala basic UP School&lt;br /&gt;
*Cherikkal junior basic school 	Pinarayi west basic UP School&lt;br /&gt;
*Pinarayi Mappila junior basic School 	Parapram junior basic School--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Economy==&lt;br /&gt;
The main occupation is [[Beedi]] manufacturing in which the [[co-operative society]] Dinesh has a monopoly. Pinarayi is an industrially backward village. Modern industrial establishments are not there.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Electricity reached this village in 1958 and was inaugurated by the then Electricity Minister of Kerala [[VR Krishna Iyer]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Co-operative societies==&lt;br /&gt;
But Co-operative sector is very strong and it compensated to industrial backwardness to an extent. This village is considered to be having the highest number of Co-operative societies. Around 35 co-operative societies are there in this village. First co-operative society of this village was started in 1922. Totally there are 3 credit societies, 16 industrial co-operative societies, 6 school co-operative societies and 2 others. Peoples are the ultimate decision makers and investors in these societies. These societies are providing service in almost every aspect of life like banking, education, printing, milk and public distributions, garments manufacturing, hotels, health care, recreations, markets and stores, manufacturing, Information Technology etc. Pinarayi Service co-operative bank, Pinarayi Industrial co-operative society, Pinarayi beedi workers Industrial co-operative society (DINESH), Pinarayi women&amp;#039;s multi Industrial co-operative society are leading co-operative societies. More than 2000 peoples are working in beedi manufacturing sector. Pole casting unit in Pinarayi Industrial co-operative society manufactures 7m, 8m and 9m pre stressed concrete poles and supplies to Kerala State Electricity Board for using in the construction of distribution lines.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Peoples Planning Programme==&lt;br /&gt;
Peoples Planning Programme revolutionized the development of the Panchayat. Pinarayi grama panchayat was chosen as the best panchayat in the district. Its grama sabha meetings registered a consistently high attendance, its 121 neighborhood committees have been active, it has achieved a 100 per cent revenue and tax collection record, and its utilization of plan funds - especially those in the productive sector - has been outstanding. It has been particularly successful in the implementation of its total sanitation programme whereby 2,500 houses have been provided with private latrines. This panchayat is a busy, focused unit of administration that has its ears to the ground. In coming years it is our responsibility to prove that we are among the best in the country.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Demographics==&lt;br /&gt;
As of [[2011 Census of India|2011 Census]], Pinarayi had a population of 16,801 where males constitute 46.3% of the population and females 53.7%. Pinarayi [[census town]] spreads over an area of {{cvt|9.63|km2}} with 3,922 families residing in it. The male female sex ratio was 1,158 higher than state average of 1,084. Pinarayi had an average literacy rate of 97.4%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 98.7%, and female literacy is 96.3%. In Pinarayi, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pinarayi Panchayat have administration over Pinarayi and [[Eruvatti]] census towns.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Kerala |first1=Directorate of Census Operations |title=District Census Handbook, Kannur |publisher=Directorateof Census Operations,Kerala |location=Thiruvananthapuram |page=204,205,374 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3202_PART_B_KANNUR.pdf |access-date=14 July 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Places of worship==&lt;br /&gt;
Seven [[mosques]] and 43 [[Hindu]] temples are located in this panchayat.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Transportation==&lt;br /&gt;
The national highway passes through [[Thalassery]] town.  Goa and [[Mumbai]] can be accessed on the northern side and [[Cochin]] and [[Thiruvananthapuram]] can be accessed on the southern side.  The road to the east of [[Iritty]] connects to [[Mysore]] and [[Bangalore]]. The nearest railway station is [[Thalassery]] on [[Mangalore]]-[[Palakkad]] line. &lt;br /&gt;
Trains are available to almost all parts of India subject to advance booking over the internet.  There are airports at [[Kannur International Airport|Kannur]], [[Mangalore Airport|Mangalore]] and [[Calicut International Airport|Calicut]]. All of them are international airports but direct flights are available only to Middle Eastern countries.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kannavam]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Mavilayi]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Thrippangottur]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Panoor]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Peravoor]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kottayam-Malabar]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Mattanur]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kannur]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Mangalore]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Iritty]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Mangattidam]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Pathiriyad]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Manantheri]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Cheruvanchery]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Mambaram, Kannur|Mambaram]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kandamkunnu|Kadamkunnu]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.pinarayionline.com Photos and videos of Pinarayi]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Kannur district}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Villages near Thalassery]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Cities and towns in Kannur district]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>-&gt;Geethu Prakash</name></author>
	</entry>
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