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2025-02-05T18:04:00Z

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{{Short description|Oil extracted from Pilu tree seeds}}
[[File:Grey Hypocolius in Kutch seen in Salvadora persica habitat.jpg|thumb|right|250px|pilu tree]]
[[File:Salvadoraceae spp EP-IV2-010.png|thumb|right|250px|Salvadora persica]]
[[File:Salvadora persica (Peelu) W IMG 6937.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Salvadora persica]]

'''Pilu oil''' is an extract from seeds of the Pilu tree (''[[Salvadora persica]]''), also known as the toothbrush tree. It is used for soaps, detergents, and [[resist dyeing]].

==Characteristics==
{{More citations needed section|date=June 2021}}

The oil comes from the seed and kernel. The percentage of the oil in seeds is 32-34%. The seed contains a brittle shell on the outer surface, and the kernel accounts for 60% in dried seed, containing 40-43% oil.

‘Sweet Variety’ of Pilu yields 35-44% oil which has a strong odour. The [[odor|odour]] is due to the presence of Benzyl isothiocyanate in the oil. There is greenish yellow fat called '''Khakan fat.''' The purified fat is free from foul odour and has an agreeable [[taste]]. It is snow [[white]]. The oil is rich in [[lauric acid|lauric]] and [[myristic acids]]. It has a high melting point and a disagreeable odour that disappears on purification.<ref name="Agroforestree"/> The most important aspect of the oil is the presence of a low percentage of C8 and C10 fatty acids that are of great economic significance.<ref name="Agroforestree"/> The oil is an alternative source of oil for soap and detergent industries.<ref name="Agroforestree">{{citation |mode=cs1 |section=Salvadora persica |section-url=https://apps.worldagroforestry.org/treedb2/speciesprofile.php?Spid=1477 |access-date=2021-06-29 |author1-surname=Orwa |author1-given=Caleb |author2-surname=Mutua |author2-given=A. |author3-surname=Kindt |author3-given=Roeland |author4-surname=Jamnadass |author4-given=Ramni |author5-surname=Simons |author5-given=Anthony |date=2009 |title=Agroforestree Database: a tree reference and selection guide |edition=4th |url=https://worldagroforestry.org/output/agroforestree-database |publication-place=Nairobi, Kenya |publisher=[[World Agroforestry Centre]] |language=en}}</ref>

'''Physical Characteristics of Pilu Oil'''<ref name="book" >{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rChwMIJHdE8C&pg=PA156|title=Modern Technology Of Oils, Fats & Its Derivatives|date=October 2002|isbn=9788178330853|access-date=2013-11-29|last1=Board|first1=Niir|publisher=National Institute Of Industrial Re }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-style="background:green; color:white" align="center"
|property ||range
|-
|Refractive index 40 °C||1.4465
|-
|Saponification value||251.2
|-
|Iodine value||15.6
|-
|polenske value||10.9
|-
|Reichert-Meissl value||5.9
|-
|solidifying point||31.1 °C
|-
|Specific gravity(35.5 °C/15.5 °C)||0.9246
|}

'''Fatty Acid Composition of Pilu Oil'''<ref name="pilu"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-style="background:indigo; color:white" align="center"
|fatty acid||percentage
|-
|[[Capric acid]](C10:0)||1.0-1.5
|-
|[[Lauric acid]](C12:0)||19.6-47.2
|-
|[[Myristic acid]](C14:0)||28.4-54.5
|-
|[[Palmitic acid]](C16:)||18.9-29.5
|-
|[[Oleic acid]](C18:1)||5.5-12.0
|-
|[[linoleic acid]](C18:2)||0.0-1.2
|}

==Uses==
The fat is used in soap, making up to 20% of the soap itself, and it replaces coconut oil. It is used as a resist in the dyeing industry. The oil is also used in rheumatic infection treatment.<ref name="pilu">{{cite web|url=http://www.crirec.com/2011/01/pilu-khakan/|title=Pilu / Khakan|publisher=crirec.com|access-date=2013-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113155000/http://www.crirec.com/2011/01/pilu-khakan/|archive-date=2013-11-13|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In India Pilu fat is being used for soap making in the "unorganised" or cottage sector of the industry, particularly by the Non-Edible Oil Industry of the Khadi and Village Industries commission. The All India Non-Edible Oil Industry Association, Poona, are making soap with it.<ref name="book"/> The oil has a bitter and sharp taste and may be used as a purgative diuretic, or tonic seed oil may be applied to the skin in rheumatism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://my.agrotrade.net/en/chandraoil/GC9999/CA00028874/product7.html|title=chandra oil- pilu oil|publisher=my.agrotrade.net/|access-date=2013-11-29}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Salvadora persica]]
*[[Salvadora oleoides]]
*[[Salvadora (plant)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*https://web.archive.org/web/20131113155000/http://www.crirec.com/2011/01/pilu-khakan/

{{Non-timber forest products|state=expanded}}

[[Category:Vegetable oils]]
[[Category:Food and drink in India]]

Pilu oil - Revision history

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