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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pihani
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Pihānī
| nickname = PHN
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Pihani block map.png
| map_caption = Map of Pihani CD block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.619866|N|80.203426|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GeoNames">{{cite web |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=Search for "Pihani" here}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hardoi district|Hardoi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 5
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 141
| population_total = 36014
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 241406
| registration_plate = UP-30
| website = [http://pihaninpp.in pihaninpp.in]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Pihani''' is a town and [[nagar palika parishad]] (municipal board) in [[Hardoi district]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Hardoi, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=124-45, 578-81, 589|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0924_PART_A_DCHB_HARDOI.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=19 May 2021}}</ref> Historically, the city was a centre of sword production, leading to at least one British writer calling it "the [[Damascus]] of [[Oudh]]".<ref name="Gazetteer">{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Hardoi - A Gazetteer |date=1904 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |pages=236–9 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.48076 |access-date=19 March 2021}}</ref> Today, important industries in Pihani include [[jaggery]] and woven [[carpet]]s.<ref name="Census 2011"/> As of 2011, the town's population is 36,014, in 5,626 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/> Pihani also serves as the headquarters of a [[community development block]] in [[Shahabad, Hardoi|Shahabad]] tehsil.<ref name="Census 2011"/>

==Geography==
Pihani is located at {{Coord|27.63|N|80.2|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Pihani.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Pihani]</ref> It has an average elevation of 141 [[metre]]s (462 [[foot (length)|feet]]).

==Demographics==
{{historical populations
| align = left
| source = 2011 Census of India<ref name="Census 2011"/>
| 1901 | 7616
| 1911 | 5963
| 1921 | 7446
| 1931 | 8107
| 1941 | 13101
| 1951 | 10360
| 1961 | 10716
| 1971 | 13511
| 1981 | 16375
| 1991 | 21047
| 2001 | 27545
| 2011 | 36014
}}
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Pihani had a population of 27,535. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Pihani has an average literacy rate of 46%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 53%, and female literacy is 38%. In Pihani, 19% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==Transport==
Pihani is well connected with [[Hardoi|Hardoi City]]  . Government and private buses are available for Hardoi, Lucknow, Kanpur and Delhi.

==History==
There are two different accounts of the founding of Pihani.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The first, traditionally told by Hindu locals, holds that Pihani was originally settled by Dube Brahmins from [[Kannauj]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> They had supposedly been invited by [[Raja Lakhan Sen]], a Gaur king who had conquered the fort of [[Simaurgarh]] (near [[Mansurnagar]]) from the [[Thathera]]s.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The Muslim account, on the other hand, says that Pihani was founded by Sayyid Abdul Ghafur, who served as [[qazi]] of Kannauj under the Mughal emperor [[Humayun]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> In 1540, after [[Humayun]]'s defeat by [[Sher Shah Suri]], Abdul Ghafur refused to acknowledge Sher Shah's rule and left Kannauj to take shelter in the jungle where Pihani now stands.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> The name "Pihani" is thus said to derive from the word ''pinhani'', meaning "concealment".<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

One of the main historical monuments in Pihani is the ornate tomb of [[Nawab Sadr Jahan]], who served as a minister under [[Akbar]].<ref name="Gazetteer"/> It consists of a double dome supported by red sandstone pillars, while the surrounding area is shaded by large [[tamarind]] trees.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> An inscription in [[Persian language|Persian]] says that the tomb's construction began in 1071 [[Hijri year|AH]] and finished 10 years later.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Sadr Jahan's son, Badr-i-Alam, is also buried here.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Another monument is the ruined fort of Nizam Murtaza Khan (Badr-i-Alam's son); its western gate is still extant, as are the high walls built of [[kankar]] blocks.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

Under the [[Nawabs of Awadh]], Pihani was renowned for the quality of its sword blades.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> It also produced woven turbans (aka [[dastar]]s), but both of these industries had declined by the turn of the 20th century.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

At the turn of the 20th century, Pihani was described as having two distinct quarters named Bari Pihani and Chhoti Pihani.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Bari Pihani was older and more run-down at the time, while Chhoti Pihani, or Nizampur, had been founded by Nizam Murtaza Khan and was more prosperous, with many trees providing shade.<ref name="Gazetteer"/> Pihani remained a minor commercial centre, with a police station, post office, cattle pound, and several schools: one middle school, a lower primary school for boys, and two lower primary schools for girls.<ref name="Gazetteer"/>

==Economy==
As of 1971, the economy of Pihani was described as dominated by [[Primary sector|primary activities]].<ref name="Census 1971">{{cite book |title=Census 1971 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part X-A: Village & Town Directory, District Hardoi |date=1972 |pages=viii-xi, 8-9 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1130/1/45148_1971_HAR.pdf |access-date=14 June 2021}}</ref> The main items imported were cloth, groceries, and [[kerosene]] oil.<ref name="Census 1971"/> The main items manufactured were handloom, shoes, and agricultural implements.<ref name="Census 1971"/> The biggest exports were cane sugar, paddy, and wheat.<ref name="Census 1971"/>

==Villages==
Pihani CD block has the following 123 villages:<ref name="Census 2011"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Village name
! Total land area (hectares)
! Population (in 2011)
|-
| [[Sakara, Pihani|Sakara]] || 218.6 || 1,005
|-
| [[Rari, Hardoi|Rari]] || 324.4 || 1,395
|-
| [[Bandraha]] || 472.6 || 4,200
|-
| [[Kunwarpur Baghela]] || 279.4 || 1,632
|-
| [[Saravar]] || 469.6 || 2,382
|-
| [[Mahmoodpur Khurd]] || 88.1 || 370
|-
| [[Sahijana]] || 452 || 2,390
|-
| [[Santarha]] || 273.1 || 1,092
|-
| [[Korigawan]] || 486.1 || 1,985
|-
| [[Baherma]] || 100.3 || 757
|-
| [[Jalalpur, Pihani (census code 139398)|Jalalpur]] || 117.5 || 446
|-
| [[Del Pandarwa]] || 166.8 || 1,155
|-
| [[Mahmoodpur Bhagat]] || 140 || 826
|-
| [[Hariharpur, Pihani (census code 139401)|Hariharpur]] || 89.1 || 634
|-
| [[Saidapur, Pihani|Saidapur]] || 129.6 || 651
|-
| [[Jarauna]] || 361.7 || 2,342
|-
| [[Kunwarpur Baseet]] || 333.6 || 2,206
|-
| [[Raigain]] || 596.3 || 3,912
|-
| [[Bari, Pihani|Bari]] || 683 || 1,963
|-
| [[Abdulla Nagar]] || 1,057.5 || 7,152
|-
| [[Ambari, Hardoi|Ambari]] || 232.7 || 2,005
|-
| [[Dhamapur]] || 183.4 || 1,315
|-
| [[Deomalpur]] || 269.2 || 1,577
|-
| [[Hannpasigawan]] || 183.7 || 2,208
|-
| [[Mahmoodpur Saraiyan]] || 476.4 || 5,435
|-
| [[Pipri, Pihani|Pipri]] || 83 || 760
|-
| [[Bhethua]] || 101 || 1,098
|-
| [[Jahani Khera]] || 175.8 || 506
|-
| [[Darra, India|Darra]] || 204.1 || 1,452
|-
| [[Sindauriya]] || 69.4 || 696
|-
| [[Manikapur, Pihani|Manikapur]] || 178.9 || 1,290
|-
| [[Paharpur, Pihani|Paharpur]] || 26.7 || 261
|-
| [[Hajipur, Pihani|Hajipur]] || 53.2 || 594
|-
| [[Salempur, Pihani|Salempur]] || 59.6 || 822
|-
| [[Bukharpur]] || 149.8 || 503
|-
| [[Mooseypur]] || 66.8 || 64
|-
| [[Anjana, Hardoi|Anjana]] || 82.5 || 337
|-
| [[Peerpur]] || 122.1 || 1,269
|-
| [[Babakkarpur]] || 49.6 || 383
|-
| [[Shahpur Shukul]] || 94.7 || 493
|-
| [[Bharona]] || 159.7 || 886
|-
| [[Gajua Khera]] || 417 || 3,125
|-
| [[Jajupara]] || 233.8 || 3,343
|-
| [[Muridpur]] || 244.4 || 0
|-
| [[Usmanpur]] || 223.5 || 1,217
|-
| [[Damgarha]] || 142.3 || 1,255
|-
| [[Baddapur]] || 130 || 894
|-
| [[Saadat Nagar]] || 502.6 || 3,917
|-
| [[Anda Barahimpur]] || 305 || 1,989
|-
| [[Gauria, Pihani|Gauria]] || 134.5 || 706
|-
| [[Kaimpur, Pihani|Kaimpur]] || 108.5 || 763
|-
| [[Dateonapur]] || 105.1 || 773
|-
| [[Nari Khera]] || 179.5 || 1,440
|-
| [[Newada, Pihani|Newada]] || 66.2 || 844
|-
| [[Rabha, Hardoi|Rabha]] || 1,755 || 7,915
|-
| [[Sarehjoo]] || 511.2 || 3,931
|-
| [[Mahelia Khera]] || 143.6 || 1,027
|-
| [[Bazid Nagar]] || 849 || 5,323
|-
| [[Khizar Nagar]] || 66.2 || 701
|-
| [[Magrapur]] || 167.6 || 896
|-
| [[Rasoolpur, Pihani|Rasoolpur]] || 923.9 || 4,669
|-
| [[Bahadur Nagar]] || 188.7 || 1,313
|-
| [[Kotra, Pihani|Kotra]] || 245.2 || 1,573
|-
| [[Bhiria, Hardoi|Bhiria]] || 122 || 722
|-
| [[Amtalia]] || 45.8 || 145
|-
| [[Rajuapur]] || 373 || 2,149
|-
| [[Lohar Khera]] || 166 || 649
|-
| [[Hindu Nagar Chirahula]] || 407.8 || 1,746
|-
| [[Kulhawar]] || 131 || 793
|-
| [[Urdahiya]] || 90.4 || 0
|-
| [[Dahelia]] || 403.5 || 6,035
|-
| [[Kangoiya]] || 33.2 || 344
|-
| [[Pataun Misra]] || 81.1 || 477
|-
| [[Barkheria]] || 92.5 || 643
|-
| [[Chathia Buzurg]] || 124.1 || 666
|-
| [[Pandarwa]] || 329.6 || 5,043
|-
| [[Kursanda]] || 172.7 || 1,040
|-
| [[Shahpur Saida]] || 334.7 || 2,388
|-
| [[Nipania, Hardoi|Nipania]] || 146 || 1,029
|-
| [[Kunwarpur Prithivi Nath]] || 40.7 || 0
|-
| [[Nardhira]] || 275.6 || 1,573
|-
| [[Harrai Pipri]] || 281.1 || 861
|-
| [[Ismailpur, Pihani]] || 60.6 || 340
|-
| [[Nizampur, Pihani|Nizampur]] || 131.2 || 553
|-
| [[Aintha Khera]] || 148.4 || 784
|-
| [[Itara, Hardoi|Itara]] || 1,085.6 || 5,015
|-
| [[Patras, Hardoi|Patras]] || 175.5 || 1,073
|-
| [[Sahora]] || 128.6 || 292
|-
| [[Bijgawan]] || 464.3 || 2,540
|-
| [[Rasoolapur]] || 282.7 || 1,441
|-
| [[Tavakkalpur]] || 343.1 || 2,623
|-
| [[Jamuhi]] || 269.1 || 1,880
|-
| [[Rampur Kora]] || 661.6 || 2,955
|-
| [[Ahemi]] || 464.2 || 2,297
|-
| [[Simaur]] || 477.2 || 2,919
|-
| [[Padra, Hardoi|Padra]] || 119.1 || 948
|-
| [[Hasnapur Grant]] || 27 || 175
|-
| [[Samthari]] || 190.2 || 989
|-
| [[Chandeli]] || 693.9 || 3,911
|-
| [[Machheta]] || 97.4 || 579
|-
| [[Sarora]] || 78.9 || 420
|-
| [[Sujauli]] || 60 || 231
|-
| [[Amirta Chauki]] || 289.5 || 1,957
|-
| [[Barhaiya Khera]] || 81.3 || 378
|-
| [[Lodhna Khera]] || 58.2 || 428
|-
| [[Santarha]] || 160.9 || 894
|-
| [[Chhataiya]] || 210.2 || 1,528
|-
| [[Karim Nagar]] || 763.8 || 5,014
|-
| [[Jalalpur, Pihani (census code 139496)|Jalalpur]] || 84.6 || 510
|-
| [[Hariharpur, Pihani (census code 139497)|Hariharpur]] || 79.8 || 650
|-
| [[Kuiyan, Pihani|Kuiyan]] || 164.3 || 1,775
|-
| [[Umarsenda]] || 588.2 || 4,274
|-
| [[Uchaul]] || 503.2 || 1,947
|-
| [[Fatteypur]] || 116.5 || 640
|-
| [[Mansoor Nagar]] || 934.2 || 5,603
|-
| [[Para, Pihani|Para]] || 60.1 || 307
|-
| [[Barkhera Grant]] || 55.4 || 408
|-
| [[Arua, Hardoi|Arua]] || 634.9 || 4,120
|-
| [[Bhiti Newada]] || 200 || 1,667
|-
| [[Puraila]] || 108.9 || 689
|-
| [[Bilhari]] || 158.3 || 1,110
|-
| [[Nedura]] || 277.4 || 2,274
|-
| [[Bela Kapoorpur]] || 411.8 || 2,239
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://pihaninpp.in pihaninpp.in (Official website of Pihani)]

{{Hardoi district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Hardoi district]]

{{Hardoi-geo-stub}}

Pihani - Revision history

imported>Narky Blert: Link to DAB page -> redlink