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← Older revision		Revision as of 05:18, 4 November 2022
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	[[Category:Picea\|omorika]]		[[Category:Picea\|omorika]]
	[[Category:Vulnerable plants]]		[[Category:Vulnerable plants]]
			[[Category:State symbols of the Serbian Republic]]

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{{Short description|Species of conifer}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Picea omorika1.jpg
| image_caption = Pančić spruce foliage, showing the blue-green undersides of the needles
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Aleksić, J.M. |author2=Ballian, D. |author3=Isajev, D. |author4=Mataruga, M. |author5=Christian, T. |author6=Gardner, M. |date=2017 |title=''Picea omorika'' |volume=2017 |page=e.T30313A84039544 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T30313A84039544.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
| genus = Picea
| species = omorika
| authority = ([[Josif Pančić|Pančić]]) [[Emanuel von Purkyne|Purk.]]
| range_map = Picea omorika range.svg
| range_map_caption = Natural range
}}

'''''Picea omorika''''', [[common name]] '''Pančić spruce'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/41136|title =''Picea omorika (Pancic spruce)''|author=Cabi, Wallingford; Cabi Invasive Species Compendium, Oxon (Oxford), UK|name-list-style=|year=2019|access-date=2021-03-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.plantea.com.hr/panciceva-omorika/ | title = ''Pančićeva omorika''| author = Gligić, Vojin| author2 = Šilić, Čedomil| author3 = Vukičević, Emilija| name-list-style = amp| year = 2021| access-date = 2021-03-20}}</ref> or '''Serbian spruce''' ({{lang-sr|Панчићева оморика, Pančićeva omorika}}, {{IPA-sh|pâːnt͡ʃit͡ɕɛv̞a ɔmɔ̌rika|pron}}), is a [[species]] of [[Pinophyta|coniferous tree]] [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] to the [[Drina]] River valley in western [[Serbia]], and eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a total range of only about 60 [[hectare|ha]], at {{convert|800|-|1600|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} altitude. It was originally discovered near the Serbian village of [[Zaovine]], on Mount [[Tara (mountain)|Tara]], in 1875, and named by the Serbian botanist [[Josif Pančić]];<ref name=farjon>Farjon, A. (1990). ''Pinaceae. Drawings and Descriptions of the Genera''. Koeltz Scientific Books {{ISBN|3-87429-298-3}}.</ref><ref name=rushforthc>Rushforth, K. (1987). ''Conifers''. Helm {{ISBN|0-7470-2801-X}}.</ref><ref name=rushforth>Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Trees of Britain and Europe''. Collins {{ISBN|0-00-220013-9}}.</ref> the [[Botanical name#Binary name|specific epithet]] ''omorika'' is simply the Serbian word for the tree. (All other spruces are ''smrča'').

==Description==
[[Image:Picea omorika2.jpg|thumb|left|210px|Serbian spruce in its native range. Note extremely slender shape of crown.]]
[[Image:Manabe-nouen201605-07.jpg|thumb|left|210px| ''Picea omorika'' 'Pendula']]
[[File:Picea omorika young female cone - Keila.jpg|thumb|Young female cone]]
[[File:20200611 142758 Serbian spruce and flowers.jpg|thumb|Serbian spruce seedling with flowers, [[Petrozavodsk]]]]

It is a medium-sized [[evergreen]] [[tree]] growing to {{convert|20|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} tall, exceptionally {{convert|40|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, with a trunk diameter of up to {{convert|1|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. The shoots are buff-brown, and densely pubescent (hairy). The [[leaf|leaves]] are needle-like, 10–20 mm long, flattened in cross-section, dark blue-green above, and blue-white below. The [[conifer cone|cones]] are {{convert|4|-|7|cm|0|abbr=on}} long, fusiform (spindle-shaped, broadest in the middle), dark purple (almost black) when young, maturing dark brown 5–7 months after pollination, with stiff scales.<ref name=farjon/><ref name=rushforthc/><ref name=rushforth/>

==Cultivation==
Outside its native range, Serbian spruce is of major importance as an [[ornamental tree]] in large gardens, valued in northern Europe and North America for its very attractive crown form and ability to grow on a wide range of soils, including alkaline, clay, acid and sandy soil, although it prefers moist, drained loam.

It is also grown to a small extent in [[forestry]] for [[Christmas tree]]s, [[timber]] and [[paper]] production, particularly in northern Europe, though its slow growth makes it less important than [[Sitka spruce]] or [[Norway spruce]]. In cultivation, it has produced [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrids]] with the closely related [[Black spruce]] ''P. × Machala'' and also with [[Sitka spruce]].<ref name=farjon/><ref name=rushforthc/>

===AGM cultivars===
The following [[cultivars]] have gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]]:<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 78 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | access-date = 25 April 2018}}</ref>
*''Picea omorika''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/12966/Picea-omorika/Details |title=Picea omorika | access-date = 6 February 2021}}</ref>
*''Picea omorika'' ′Nana′<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/99400/Picea-omorika-Nana/Details |title=RHS Plant Selector Picea omorika 'Nana' AGM / RHS Gardening |publisher=Apps.rhs.org.uk |date= |access-date=10 February 2021}}</ref> (dwarf form)
*''Picea omorika'' ′Pendula′<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/90723/Picea-omorika-Pendula/Details |title=RHS Plant Selector Picea omorika 'Pendula' AGM / RHS Gardening |publisher=Apps.rhs.org.uk |date= |access-date=10 February 2021}}</ref> (weeping form)

==Ecology==
Because of its limited range, it is not a major source of nutrition to wildlife, but does provide cover for birds and small mammals. Prior to the [[Pleistocene]] [[ice ages]], it had a much larger range throughout most of [[Europe]].<ref name=farjon/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons-inline|Picea omorika}}
* [http://www.euforgen.org/species/picea-omorika/ ''Picea omorika''] - information, genetic conservation units and related resources. [[European Forest Genetic Resources Programme]] (EUFORGEN)

{{Taxonbar|from=Q147824}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Trees of Europe]]
[[Category:Picea|omorika]]
[[Category:Vulnerable plants]]

Picea omorika - Revision history

Sanjanadalvi: fixed issues

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