imported>Ira Leviton: Fixed a typo found with Wikipedia:Typo_Team/moss and a section heading capitalization.

2021-06-25T17:08:37Z

Fixed a typo found with Wikipedia:Typo_Team/moss and a section heading capitalization.

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{About|the community development block in West Bengal, India|1 its namesake settlement|Phansidewa, Darjeeling|2 its namesake assembly constituency|Phansidewa (Vidhan Sabha constituency)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Phansidewa
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Community development block in India|Community development block]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.58|N|88.36|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Community development block in India|Community development block]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 312.15
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 204,522
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)|Darjeeling]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Phansidewa (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Phansidewa]]
| website = {{URL|darjeeling.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Phansidewa''' is a [[Community development blocks in India|community development block (CD block)]] that forms an administrative division in the [[Siliguri subdivision]] of the [[Darjeeling district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
Phansidewa is located at {{coord|26.58|N|88.36|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Phansidewa_Hat.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Phansidewa]</ref> It has an average elevation of 98 [[metre]]s (324 [[foot (length)|feet]]).

Phansidewa CD block is a part of the Western Dooars, a physiographic region spread over the foothills of the Himalayas. It is a plain land gently sloping from north to south, with an elevation varying from 80 m to 300 m. The [[Mahananda River|Mahananda]] forms the eastern boundary of Phansidewa CD block with Bangladesh and a portion of the block is part of the Mahananda Tract physiographic region.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjeeling, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 Census of India| work= Page 13: Physiography| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjeeling, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 Census of India| work= Pages 15-17: Drainage| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

Phansidewa CD block is bounded by the [[Naxalbari (community development block)|Naxalbari]] and [[Matigara (community development block)|Matigara]] CD blocks on the north, [[Rajganj (community development block)|Rajganj]] CD block in Jalpaiguri district and [[Panchagarh Sadar Upazila]] in Panchagarh district of Bangladesh on the east, [[Chopra (community development block)|Chopra]] CD block in Uttar Dinajpur district and Puthia CD block in Kishanganj district of Bihar on the south and [[Kharibari (community development block)|Kharibari]] CD block on the west.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjeeling, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 Census of India| work= Map of Darjeeling district on the fifth page| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/jalpaiguri.html | title = Tehsil map of Jalpaiguri| publisher = Maps of India|access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Panchagarh_Sadar_Upazila | title = Panchagarh Sadar Upazila| publisher = Banglapedia|access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/bihar/tehsil/kishanganj.html | title = Tehsil Map of Kishenganj| publisher = Maps of India |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

The Phansidewa CD block has an area of 312.15 km2. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 7 [[gram panchayat]]s, 139 gram sansads (village councils), 113 [[mouza]]s and 103 inhabited villages. [[Phansidewa, Darjeeling#Police station|Phansidewa]] police station serves this block<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Darjeeling |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=census2001>{{cite web| url = http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm| title = Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal , Table 4| publisher = Census Commissioner of India| work = Census of India 2001, Darjeeling district (01)| access-date = 12 February 2020| url-status=dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040244/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm| archive-date = 19 July 2011| df = dmy-all}}</ref>Headquarters of this CD block is at [[Phansidewa, Darjeeling|Phansidewa]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Darjiling | work= Map of District Darjiling with CD block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 12 February 2020 }}</ref>As per map of Phansidewa CD block in the District Census Handbook, Phansidewa is shown in Bandar Gachh mouza.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Darjiling | work= Map of Phansidewa CD block on page 327) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 12 February 2020 }}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s in Phansidewa CD block are: Bidhannagar I, Bidhannagar II, Chathat-Bansgaon, Ghoshpukur, Hetmuri, Jalas-Nijamtara and Phansidewa.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://darjeeling.gov.in/misc/District-Detail.pdf | title = Egiye Bangla Darjeeling | work= Miscellaneous - District Detail| publisher = District administration |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], the Phansidewa CD block had a total population of 204,522, all of which were rural. There were 103,79 (51%) males and 100,803 (49%) females. There were 28,345 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 60,704 (29.68%) and the [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 62,595 (30.61%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = CD block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in the Phansidewa CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Pathar Hirhirar Chhat (4,039), Liusipukuri (5,185), Uttar Bansgaon Kismat (5,064), Madhya Bansgaon (9,132), Paschim Madati (13,523), Mandila Jhar (6,642), Bara Paikpara Arazi (6,899), Lahugaon (12,710), Budharugaon (6,841), Purba Madati (6,424) and Bansgaon (5,958).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in the Phansidewa CD block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Hetmuri (2,124) and Bandar Gachh (3,891). <ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
According to the 2011 census the total number of literate persons in the Phansidewa CD block was 113,572 (64.46% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 64,890 (72.63% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 48,682 (56.06% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 16.57%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD blocks of Darjeeling district (2011) |collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Darjeeling, 2011 census,'' as of 2001, 46.0% of the population of the Darjeeling district had [[Nepali language|Nepali/ Gorkhali]] as their mother-tongue followed by [[Bengali language|Bengali]] with 24.0%, [[Hindi]] with 10.4%, [[Sadri language|Sadan/ Sadri]] (3.1%), [[Kurukh language|Kurukh/ Oraon]] (2.1%), [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] (1.1%), [[Santali language|Santali]] (1.0%), [[Urdu]] (0.9%), [[Lepcha language|Lepcha]] (0.9%), [[Rangpuri language|Rajbanshi]] (0.6%), [[Mundari language|Munda]] (0.4%), [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]] (0.4%), [[Sherpa language|Bhotia]] (0.3%), [[Marwari language|Marwari]] (0.3%), [[Maithili language|Maithili]] (0.3%) and others (7.6%). The proportion of those who have Nepali/ Gorkhali as their mother-tongue has declined from 59.1% in 1961 to 46.1% in 2001, while that of Bengali has risen from 18.4% in 1961 to 24.0% in 2001 and that of Hindi has risen from 7.7% in 1961 to 10.4% in 2001.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Darjeeling, Series 20, Part XXA , 2011 census|work = page 52: Mother tongue| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Phansidewa CD block
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindu]]|Orange|59.68}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslim]]|Green|23.57}}
{{bar percent|[[Christians|Christian]]|Blue|16.18}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhist]]|Yellow|0.23}}
{{bar percent|Others|Maroon|0.34}}
}}

In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 122,064 and formed 59.68% of the population in the Phansidewa CD block. Muslims numbered 48,202 and formed 23.57% of the population. Christians numbered 33,096 and formed 16.18% of the population. Buddhists numbered 471 and formed 0.23% of the population. Others numbered 689 and formed 0.34% of the population.<ref name=censusreligion2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html |title = C1 Population by Religious Community | work= West Bengal |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
According to the Rural Household Survey in 2005, 24.40% of the total number of families were [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] families in the Darjeeling district.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://220.225.90.38/Summary/WestBengal.htm| title =West Bengal Summary | work= Rural Household Survey 2005| publisher = Department of Panchayat & Rural Development, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref> According to a World Bank report, as of 2012, 4-9% of the population in Darjeeling, North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas districts were below poverty level, the lowest among the districts of West Bengal, which had an average 20% of the population below poverty line.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/315791504252302097/pdf/119344-BRI-P157572-West-Bengal-Poverty.pdf| title = West Bengal: Poverty, Growth and Inequality| publisher = World Bank Group|access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Phansidewa CD block'''
|value1 = 11.48
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 16.80
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 2.05
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 69.66
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In the Phansidewa CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 8.792 and formed 11.48%, agricultural labourers numbered 12.865 and formed 16.80%, household industry workers numbered 1,571 formed 2.05% and other workers numbered 53,333 and formed 69.66%.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf|title = District Census Handbook Darjiling, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 33: Distribution of Workers by Sex in Four Categories of Economic Activity in Sub-district 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>Total workers numbered 76,561 and formed 37.43% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 127,961 and formed 62.57% of the population.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Darjiling, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Table 30: Number and percentage of Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers by Sex, in Sub-districts, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Darjiling, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Census Concepts and Definitions, Page 31 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 103 inhabited villages in the Phansidewa CD block, as per the ''District Census Handbook'', Darjiling, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 100% villages have drinking water supply. 26 villages (25.24%) have post offices. 97 villages (94.17%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 83 villages (80.58%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 39 villages (37.86%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 3 villages (2.91%) have agricultural credit societies and 15 villages (14.56%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjiling, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 85, Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 13 February 2020}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
In 2012-13, there were 12 fertiliser depots, 12 seed stores and 31 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in Phansidewa CD block.<ref name=handbook2013>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Darjeeling | work = Table No. 16.1, 18.1, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 12 February 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

In 2013–14, Phansidewa CD block produced 9,949 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 1.257 hectares, 2,212 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 1,759 hectares, 2,340 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 1,017 hectares, 771 tonnes of wheat from 871 hectares, 214 tonnes of maize from 93 hectares, 17,722 tonnes of jute from 1,218 hectares, 24,197 tonnes of potatoes from 801 hectares and 523 tonnes of sugar cane from 5 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2013/>

===Tea gardens===
[[Darjeeling tea]] “received the iconic status due to its significant aroma, taste and colour… the first Indian product to be marked with the [[Geographical indication|Geographical Indication]] (GI) tag in 2003… As per the definition, “Darjeeling Tea” can only refer to tea that has been cultivated, grown, produced, manufactured and processed in tea gardens in few specific hilly areas of the district.” Apart from the hill areas, tea is also grown in the plain areas of the terai and dooars, but such gardens are not covered under the GI tag. <ref name=tea>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Darjiling, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 26: Tea industry of Darjeeling district | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 13 February 2020}}</ref>

As of 2009-10, there were 87 tea gardens covered under the GI tag, employing 51,091 persons. Total land under cultivation was 17,828.38 hectares and total production was 7.36 million kg. A much larger population is indirectly dependent on the tea industry in the district. The average annual production including those from the plain areas, exceeds 10 million kg.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Darjeeling | work = Table No. 5.3 (f): Area, production and employment in the tea industry | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 12 February 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=tea/>

As of 2013, Darjeeling subdivision had 46 tea estates, Kalimpong subdivision had 29 tea estates and Kurseong subdivision had 6 tea gardens. This added up to 81 tea estates in the hill areas. Bannackburn Tea Estate and Lingia Tea Estate in Darjeeling were the first to come up in 1835. Siliguri subdivision in the terai region had 45 tea estates.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://wblc.gov.in/download/Synopsis-of-Tea-Garden-Survey-Final-Report.pdf | title = Synopsis on Survey of Tea Gardens| publisher = Regional Labour Offices under jurisdiction of Joint Labour Commissioner, North Bengal Zone |access-date = 5 March 2020}}</ref>

===Banking===
In 2012-13, Phansidewa CD block had offices of 5 commercial banks and 3 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2013/>

==Transport==
Phansidewa CD block has 2 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 5 km from the block headquarters.<ref name=handbook2013/>

[[State Highway 12 (West Bengal)|State Highway 12]] passes through Phansidewa CD block.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php |title = List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher= West Bengal Traffic Police | access-date = 21 February 2020}}</ref>

==Education==
In 2012-13, Phansidewa CD block had 153 primary schools with 17,884 students, 5 middle schools with 2,350 students, 6 high schools with 2,354 students and 12 higher secondary schools with 20,987 students. Phansidewa CD block had 593 institutions for special and non-formal education with 31,356 students<ref name=handbook2013/>

See also – [[Education in India]]

According to the 2011 census, in Phansidewa CD block, among the 103 inhabited villages, 15 villages did not have a school, 42 villages had two or more primary schools, 27 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 15 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1901_PART_A_DCHB_DARJILING.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Darjiling, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 394, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2013, Phansidewa CD block had 1 rural hospital, 1 primary health centre and 2 private nursing homes with total 40 beds and 14 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 22 family welfare subcentres. 3,264 patients were treated indoor and 96,850 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.<ref name=handbook2013/>

Phansidewa Rural Hospital at [[Phansidewa, Darjeeling|Phansidewa]], with 30 beds, is the major government medical facility in the Phansidewa CD block. There is a [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centre]] at Bidhannagar (with 10 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf| title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal|access-date = 28 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 28 February 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

==External links==
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Siliguri}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Darjeeling}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Darjeeling district]]

Phansidewa - Revision history

78.150.159.7 at 16:50, 3 May 2026

imported>Ira Leviton: Fixed a typo found with Wikipedia:Typo_Team/moss and a section heading capitalization.